The document summarizes the VASIMR (Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket) technology, an advanced electric propulsion concept for interplanetary space travel. It discusses how VASIMR works using radiofrequency heating and magnetic fields to ionize propellant and accelerate it to high velocities through its three main components: the helicon plasma source, ICRH booster, and magnetic nozzle. VASIMR offers potential advantages over chemical rockets like shorter travel times to Mars and higher fuel efficiency. While development is ongoing to address challenges like thermal management, VASIMR could enable new deep space exploration missions in the future if scaled to higher power levels.
Hypersonic vehicle electric power system technologyRene Thibodeaux
The objective of this program is to develop magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generators for use on hypersonic vehicles. MHD generators could provide orders of magnitude more power than current technologies and enable missions using directed energy weapons. The program would design, build, and test a 1 megawatt MHD generator in a hypersonic wind tunnel to demonstrate the technology's viability. Additional plasma technologies like inlet compression and combustion may also be investigated to help overcome challenges preventing scramjet development. Non-rotating MHD generators are well-suited to efficiently produce high voltage power for hypersonic vehicles propelled by non-rotating scramjet engines producing gigawatts of power.
Modeling of electric ship power systems bob hebnercahouser
The document discusses modeling electric ship power systems. It summarizes key components that need to be modeled like power generation, conditioning, conversion and consumption. Different power transmission options like AC vs DC are considered. Transient responses, stability, load flow and switching surges need to be predicted. Circuit models are developed to represent key behaviors and validate simulations. Fault studies are important to understand surge generation and effects on insulation. Transients must be characterized to ensure reliable insulation and protection for power electronics. More validation work is still needed.
A Low Power Cylindrical Hall Thruster for Next Generation MicrosatellitesCarl Pigeon
1) SFL is developing a low-power cylindrical Hall thruster for microsatellite propulsion to enable more capable microsatellite missions.
2) The first phase of development focused on a prototype thruster to optimize performance parameters through testing. Lessons learned were then used to develop a proto-flight model.
3) Future work will involve integrating drive electronics and qualifying the system to TRL 6 by subjecting it to vibration and thermal vacuum testing. The aim is to produce a flight-ready low-power Hall thruster by the end of 2015.
Seminar Report On Maglev Launch AssistPrasad Bhase
The document discusses magnetically launching space vehicles in lower Earth orbit using maglev technology. It provides an overview of different maglev concepts, including StarTram Gen-I and Gen-II, and NASA's MagLifter design. A cost analysis and environmental impact assessment are presented comparing maglev launch assist to conventional rocket launch systems. Maglev uses magnetic levitation and propulsion to accelerate a vehicle on a track, providing initial velocity before rocket ignition for smaller payloads. This approach could reduce costs of space launch and have less environmental impact compared to traditional rocket systems.
This document describes the CubeSat High Impulse Propulsion System (CHIPS) being developed by CU Aerospace and VACCO Industries. CHIPS integrates primary propulsion, attitude control, and propellant storage into a single module compatible with CubeSats. It uses a micro-resistojet thruster and cold gas attitude control system. Testing of a prototype showed the resistojet can provide up to 563 N-s of total impulse using R134a propellant. The document discusses propulsion options for CubeSats and why electrothermal propulsion in the 70-400 second specific impulse range is best suited for enabling rapid orbital maneuvers within a day.
Integrated power systems For Continuity Of Electrical power In NAVYSubin Paul George
The document discusses integrated power systems (IPS) for naval vessels. IPS aim to ensure continuity of electrical power supply aboard ships. Key benefits of IPS include reducing the number of prime movers, improving propulsion efficiency, providing flexibility in ship arrangements, improving producability, enhancing survivability through zonal distribution, and facilitating integration of new technologies like fuel cells. Future naval power systems may utilize medium-voltage DC distribution to meet power demands while maintaining affordability and power density constraints for warships.
This document provides a technical seminar report on Maglev trains. It discusses the two main types of magnetic levitation systems used - electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension. Electromagnetic suspension uses electromagnets on the train that are attracted to a ferromagnetic guide rail, lifting the train above the track. Electrodynamic suspension uses superconducting magnets on the train that are repelled by magnets in the track, allowing the train to float without physical contact. The document also briefly introduces a third potential system called Inductrack that is in development.
IRJET- Transmission of Ac Power from Offshore to Onshore by using Low Frequen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the transmission of AC power from offshore wind farms to onshore grids using low frequency AC transmission. Some key points:
1) Offshore wind farms generate power at medium voltage DC which is converted to low frequency AC (e.g. 20Hz) using cycloconverters for transmission through undersea cables.
2) At the receiving end, the low frequency AC is converted back to standard grid frequency AC using phase shift transformers before connecting to the onshore grid.
3) Low frequency AC transmission allows use of the same undersea cable designs as used for standard frequency but increases transmission capacity and distance. It provides an alternative to HVAC and HVDC transmission for medium length offshore connections.
Hypersonic vehicle electric power system technologyRene Thibodeaux
The objective of this program is to develop magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generators for use on hypersonic vehicles. MHD generators could provide orders of magnitude more power than current technologies and enable missions using directed energy weapons. The program would design, build, and test a 1 megawatt MHD generator in a hypersonic wind tunnel to demonstrate the technology's viability. Additional plasma technologies like inlet compression and combustion may also be investigated to help overcome challenges preventing scramjet development. Non-rotating MHD generators are well-suited to efficiently produce high voltage power for hypersonic vehicles propelled by non-rotating scramjet engines producing gigawatts of power.
Modeling of electric ship power systems bob hebnercahouser
The document discusses modeling electric ship power systems. It summarizes key components that need to be modeled like power generation, conditioning, conversion and consumption. Different power transmission options like AC vs DC are considered. Transient responses, stability, load flow and switching surges need to be predicted. Circuit models are developed to represent key behaviors and validate simulations. Fault studies are important to understand surge generation and effects on insulation. Transients must be characterized to ensure reliable insulation and protection for power electronics. More validation work is still needed.
A Low Power Cylindrical Hall Thruster for Next Generation MicrosatellitesCarl Pigeon
1) SFL is developing a low-power cylindrical Hall thruster for microsatellite propulsion to enable more capable microsatellite missions.
2) The first phase of development focused on a prototype thruster to optimize performance parameters through testing. Lessons learned were then used to develop a proto-flight model.
3) Future work will involve integrating drive electronics and qualifying the system to TRL 6 by subjecting it to vibration and thermal vacuum testing. The aim is to produce a flight-ready low-power Hall thruster by the end of 2015.
Seminar Report On Maglev Launch AssistPrasad Bhase
The document discusses magnetically launching space vehicles in lower Earth orbit using maglev technology. It provides an overview of different maglev concepts, including StarTram Gen-I and Gen-II, and NASA's MagLifter design. A cost analysis and environmental impact assessment are presented comparing maglev launch assist to conventional rocket launch systems. Maglev uses magnetic levitation and propulsion to accelerate a vehicle on a track, providing initial velocity before rocket ignition for smaller payloads. This approach could reduce costs of space launch and have less environmental impact compared to traditional rocket systems.
This document describes the CubeSat High Impulse Propulsion System (CHIPS) being developed by CU Aerospace and VACCO Industries. CHIPS integrates primary propulsion, attitude control, and propellant storage into a single module compatible with CubeSats. It uses a micro-resistojet thruster and cold gas attitude control system. Testing of a prototype showed the resistojet can provide up to 563 N-s of total impulse using R134a propellant. The document discusses propulsion options for CubeSats and why electrothermal propulsion in the 70-400 second specific impulse range is best suited for enabling rapid orbital maneuvers within a day.
Integrated power systems For Continuity Of Electrical power In NAVYSubin Paul George
The document discusses integrated power systems (IPS) for naval vessels. IPS aim to ensure continuity of electrical power supply aboard ships. Key benefits of IPS include reducing the number of prime movers, improving propulsion efficiency, providing flexibility in ship arrangements, improving producability, enhancing survivability through zonal distribution, and facilitating integration of new technologies like fuel cells. Future naval power systems may utilize medium-voltage DC distribution to meet power demands while maintaining affordability and power density constraints for warships.
This document provides a technical seminar report on Maglev trains. It discusses the two main types of magnetic levitation systems used - electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension. Electromagnetic suspension uses electromagnets on the train that are attracted to a ferromagnetic guide rail, lifting the train above the track. Electrodynamic suspension uses superconducting magnets on the train that are repelled by magnets in the track, allowing the train to float without physical contact. The document also briefly introduces a third potential system called Inductrack that is in development.
IRJET- Transmission of Ac Power from Offshore to Onshore by using Low Frequen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the transmission of AC power from offshore wind farms to onshore grids using low frequency AC transmission. Some key points:
1) Offshore wind farms generate power at medium voltage DC which is converted to low frequency AC (e.g. 20Hz) using cycloconverters for transmission through undersea cables.
2) At the receiving end, the low frequency AC is converted back to standard grid frequency AC using phase shift transformers before connecting to the onshore grid.
3) Low frequency AC transmission allows use of the same undersea cable designs as used for standard frequency but increases transmission capacity and distance. It provides an alternative to HVAC and HVDC transmission for medium length offshore connections.
This document is a seminar report on magnetic levitation trains submitted by Anuj Bansal to partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in electrical engineering. The report contains an introduction to magnetic levitation technology, different types of magnetic levitation including permanent magnet, electromagnetic, and electrodynamic types. It discusses the working principles of levitation, propulsion, stability, and guidance of maglev trains and compares maglev trains to conventional aircraft and trains.
This document summarizes a degree dissertation on electrical energy accumulation systems for ropeways. It discusses different types of ropeway systems and issues with irregular electrical loads on jig-back ropeways. It then evaluates various electrical accumulation system technologies that could regulate the load and their advantages/disadvantages. These include electrochemical cells, inertial systems, potential systems, superconductor systems, and super capacitor systems. The document recommends sizing the accumulation system based on the optimized power needs and using super capacitors due to their maintenance-free and high performance characteristics.
3D FLOW ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGER (SSHE) ijiert bestjournal
In this case study I tried to understand various stages of power transmission from Chandrapur generating power plant to Padaghe receiving station including need of HVDC line in place of EHVAC in Chandrapur- Padaghe line,its commissioning,erection,financing,various problems faced by MSEB engineers during commissioning of line and during operations. This case study also cont ains few critical issues and faults on line and frequently occurring fault also. During this case study I have suggested some corrective actions to MSEB engineers of Padaghe station to improve reliability of pla nt and prevent frequently occurred fault in plant and on line.
Analysis for Size of Ultra-Capacitor Bank to be Installed on 1.5kV System for...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the size of an ultra-capacitor bank that could be installed on a 1.5kV diesel-electric locomotive system for energy storage during regenerative braking. It first discusses diesel-electric and hybrid locomotive systems as well as regenerative and dynamic braking techniques. It then models ultra-capacitor behavior and derives equations to determine the minimum capacitance needed. The analysis shows that a bank of 12 ultra-capacitor cells, each with a capacitance of 1016.67F, could store up to 30V of energy recovered during regenerative braking of the locomotive. Installing such an ultra-capacitor bank could help reduce the number of batteries needed for starting the locom
The document discusses plasma antennas, which use ionized gas or plasma instead of metal for signal conduction. Plasma antennas have several advantages over traditional metal antennas, such as the ability to focus beams, transmit short pulses, and reconfigure frequency and direction electronically. Different types are described, including laser-induced antennas and those using tube structures. The document explains that plasma antennas work by generating localized plasma concentrations that act as mirrors to deflect radio frequency beams. Potential applications include military, aviation, and broadband communications uses.
Science project on Maglev Trains By Ardhenduardhendu03
This document discusses a science project about maglev trains. It begins by defining maglev trains as using magnetic levitation to move vehicles along a guideway without touching the ground. It then provides details on the history and development of maglev technology, describing early patents from the 1900s and the first commercial maglev system introduced in 1984 in Birmingham, England. The document also explains the key technologies behind maglev trains, including electromagnetic and electrodynamic suspension systems as well as linear motor propulsion. It compares maglev trains to conventional trains and notes maglev's benefits like higher potential speeds, less noise, and reduced maintenance needs.
This document provides an introduction to magnetic levitation and its applications. It discusses the basic principles of magnetism and how magnetic fields are created. It then explains the different types of magnetic levitation, including using permanent magnets, electromagnets, and superconductive magnets. Applications of magnetic levitation that are discussed include novelty toys like levitating globes, fast food toys, and high-speed train transportation systems. Magnetic levitation for trains uses electromagnetic forces from superconducting magnets on the train and coils on the track to both levitate and provide lateral guidance for the train as it moves.
This document provides details about two maglev projects undertaken by electrical and electronics engineering students at Al-Azhar Polytechnic College in 2015-2016. It includes chapters on the history of maglev trains, different maglev methods and suspension systems, the evolution of maglev technology, and the working principles of maglev trains. The document also acknowledges those who provided support and guidance for the projects.
Module 4 power generation & Economics - Substation vtu syllabusDrCVMOHAN
This document provides an overview of electrical substation equipment and components. It discusses key substation equipment like transformers, circuit breakers, protective relays, buses, surge arresters, insulators, conductors, and fuses. It also covers different types of substations including transmission, distribution, converter and collector substations. Classification of substations is discussed based on voltage levels, construction features, and applications.
IRJET- Optimal Performance of Mechanical Load Factor for the Solar Photovolta...IRJET Journal
1. The paper presents a mathematical formulation to optimize the matching between a photovoltaic generator and an
electromechanical load system.
2. The results show that a system using a permanent magnet motor coupled to a centrifugal pump load has suitable matching
with PV array characteristics.
3. Varying the load factor in the torque-speed relationship can improve matching at different insulation levels and minimize
power drop, helping to optimize system design.
This document summarizes a research paper about generating electricity from trains passing on railway tracks. It describes using a wind turbine placed between tracks to capture wind energy from passing trains. It also describes using a variable capacitor system where the movement of passing trains causes the plates of a capacitor to move closer together, increasing the capacitance and allowing electricity to be drawn off. The system is meant to power remote railway equipment without needing to run power lines to those areas. It provides details on how both the wind turbine and variable capacitor systems would work to generate electricity from train movement and harness otherwise wasted energy.
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
Adaptive backstepping control of induction motor powered by photovoltaic gene...IJECEIAES
This paper is aimed at addressing the design of an effective adaptive nonlinear control of a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system powering a submersible induction motor and a centrifugal water pump. Four objectives are achieved using an adaptive Backstepping controller. First, it is applied to ensure maximum power point tracking, and uses the latter as a reference in regulation of the rotor speed to convert the maximum electrical power into maximum mechanical power. Second, the adaptive controller is synthesized to control motor rotor flux and restrict the magnetic circuit to its linear interval. Third, it is used to online estimate the rotor time-constant and the load torque disturbance estimation. Finally, this controller is employed to limit the stator currents to protect induction motor windings. Mathematical modelling of the main elements of the system is presented. A sliding mode rotor flux estimator is employed in the output feedback control of the whole system. DC-AC converter is controlled by pulse width modulation. The feasibility, the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive nonlinear controller are evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
The document discusses plasma antennas, which use ionized gas as the conducting element instead of metal. Plasma antennas have several advantages over traditional metal antennas, such as being lightweight, compact, and able to transmit and receive from the same aperture. They can also be dynamically configured and steered electronically without moving parts. Various types of plasma antennas are described, including those using tube structures and explosively formed plasma. Potential applications include military, communications, and radar systems.
Development of Automatic PV Power Pack Servo Based Single Axis Solar Tracking...IOSR Journals
This document describes the development of an automatic single-axis solar tracking system using a servo motor mechanism. The system includes light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense sunlight intensity, a microcontroller to send signals to the servo motor, and a mechanical structure to support the photovoltaic panel. The controller coding and servo mechanism were first simulated using PROTEUS 7 software. Then a prototype was developed including the mechanical structure, LDR sensors, microcontroller, servo motor, and battery. Testing showed the tracking system improved average efficiency by 7.67% compared to a fixed panel.
This document discusses magnetic levitation (maglev) trains. It explains that maglev trains use magnets to both levitate above the track and propel the train forward, eliminating friction. Superconducting magnets on the train interact with electromagnets in the track to provide levitation and propulsion via repulsion and attraction. The train is guided laterally and its height is regulated by control systems. Maglev trains can reach high speeds safely and efficiently with minimal energy usage, but the technology is expensive and not all governments have embraced it. The document also discusses potential future applications of maglev technology in space propulsion to help launch vehicles.
Analysis characteristics of power PV cells and wind turbine from power genera...IOSR Journals
This paper presents the implementation of a generalized photovoltaic model using Matlab Simulink
software package, which can be representative of PV cell, module, and array for easy use on simulation
platform. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block
libraries. This makes the generalized PV model easily simulated and analyzed in conjunction with power
electronics for a maximum power point tracker. Taking the effect of sunlight irradiance and cell temperature
into consideration, the output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated and optimized using
the proposed model. This enables the dynamics of PV power system to be easily simulated, analyzed, and
optimized.
For Wind Turbine modeling and simulation of wind driven electricity generation system or WECS (an
acronym for Wind Energy Conversion System) has been done. Our aim is to design and test a power 300W
capacity, operating at 3 m/s to 6 m/s , induction permanent magnet generator Matlab simulation. The different
components of a wind energy system namely the wind turbine, generator, rectifier, as per the scope of this
project following which the design steps and modeling of the system in Matlab simulation environment -
Simulink was undertaken
There are abundant of wave energy converter technologies available to convert wave energy into useable energy. However, most of them are huge and suitable for large application. Thus, this paper aimed to propose portable pico generator designs for small scale application. Investigation on the performance of designs with varying halbach magnet shapes was mainly focused and discussed. Two designs of different magnet shape i.e. triangular and trapezoid were proposed. Open-circuit simulation and optimization results were obtained using Finite Element Method. From the results, it was found out that Trapezoid Magnet Design produced better performance and lower material cost compared to another proposed design, Triangular Magnet as well as conventional Rectangular Magnet shape.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like
wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays.
The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many
integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the
desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power
generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has
noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue
especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a
large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable
consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing
use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid
faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper
presents the modeling and simulation of a doubly fed induction generator
according to grid code compatibility driven by a wind turbine connected to
the grid. This paper analyses the voltage sag due to a three-phase fault in the
wind connected grid. A control strategy including a crowbar circuit has been
developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to bypass the rotor over currents during
grid fault to enhance the fault ride through capability and to maintain system
stability. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategies in DFIG based grid connected wind turbine system.
IRJET - Classifications of Pulsed Plasma ThrustersIRJET Journal
This document discusses classifications of pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs). It describes four main types of PPTs: pulsed inductive thrusters, pulsed form thrusters, pulsed arcjet thrusters, and pulsed electromagnetic thrusters. The pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is discussed in detail, including its operations, Mark VI and Mark VII versions. PIT works by magnetically accelerating rings of plasma using a coil and capacitor bank discharge. It can provide variable thrust and specific impulse without electrode erosion issues faced by other thruster types. PPTs in general offer advantages for small satellite propulsion due to their solid-state nature and high specific impulse.
This document provides a review of wireless power transmission (WPT). It discusses the history of WPT beginning with Nikola Tesla's experiments in the late 1800s. Key developments in WPT research and demonstrations over the 20th century are summarized. The components of a typical WPT system are described, including microwave generators, transmitting antennas, and receiving antennas/rectennas. Advantages of WPT include eliminating transmission lines and losses, improved efficiency over wired systems, and ability to transmit power to remote locations. Disadvantages include currently higher capital costs compared to wired systems. Potential biological impacts of microwave exposure are also noted.
This document is a seminar report on magnetic levitation trains submitted by Anuj Bansal to partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in electrical engineering. The report contains an introduction to magnetic levitation technology, different types of magnetic levitation including permanent magnet, electromagnetic, and electrodynamic types. It discusses the working principles of levitation, propulsion, stability, and guidance of maglev trains and compares maglev trains to conventional aircraft and trains.
This document summarizes a degree dissertation on electrical energy accumulation systems for ropeways. It discusses different types of ropeway systems and issues with irregular electrical loads on jig-back ropeways. It then evaluates various electrical accumulation system technologies that could regulate the load and their advantages/disadvantages. These include electrochemical cells, inertial systems, potential systems, superconductor systems, and super capacitor systems. The document recommends sizing the accumulation system based on the optimized power needs and using super capacitors due to their maintenance-free and high performance characteristics.
3D FLOW ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGER (SSHE) ijiert bestjournal
In this case study I tried to understand various stages of power transmission from Chandrapur generating power plant to Padaghe receiving station including need of HVDC line in place of EHVAC in Chandrapur- Padaghe line,its commissioning,erection,financing,various problems faced by MSEB engineers during commissioning of line and during operations. This case study also cont ains few critical issues and faults on line and frequently occurring fault also. During this case study I have suggested some corrective actions to MSEB engineers of Padaghe station to improve reliability of pla nt and prevent frequently occurred fault in plant and on line.
Analysis for Size of Ultra-Capacitor Bank to be Installed on 1.5kV System for...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the size of an ultra-capacitor bank that could be installed on a 1.5kV diesel-electric locomotive system for energy storage during regenerative braking. It first discusses diesel-electric and hybrid locomotive systems as well as regenerative and dynamic braking techniques. It then models ultra-capacitor behavior and derives equations to determine the minimum capacitance needed. The analysis shows that a bank of 12 ultra-capacitor cells, each with a capacitance of 1016.67F, could store up to 30V of energy recovered during regenerative braking of the locomotive. Installing such an ultra-capacitor bank could help reduce the number of batteries needed for starting the locom
The document discusses plasma antennas, which use ionized gas or plasma instead of metal for signal conduction. Plasma antennas have several advantages over traditional metal antennas, such as the ability to focus beams, transmit short pulses, and reconfigure frequency and direction electronically. Different types are described, including laser-induced antennas and those using tube structures. The document explains that plasma antennas work by generating localized plasma concentrations that act as mirrors to deflect radio frequency beams. Potential applications include military, aviation, and broadband communications uses.
Science project on Maglev Trains By Ardhenduardhendu03
This document discusses a science project about maglev trains. It begins by defining maglev trains as using magnetic levitation to move vehicles along a guideway without touching the ground. It then provides details on the history and development of maglev technology, describing early patents from the 1900s and the first commercial maglev system introduced in 1984 in Birmingham, England. The document also explains the key technologies behind maglev trains, including electromagnetic and electrodynamic suspension systems as well as linear motor propulsion. It compares maglev trains to conventional trains and notes maglev's benefits like higher potential speeds, less noise, and reduced maintenance needs.
This document provides an introduction to magnetic levitation and its applications. It discusses the basic principles of magnetism and how magnetic fields are created. It then explains the different types of magnetic levitation, including using permanent magnets, electromagnets, and superconductive magnets. Applications of magnetic levitation that are discussed include novelty toys like levitating globes, fast food toys, and high-speed train transportation systems. Magnetic levitation for trains uses electromagnetic forces from superconducting magnets on the train and coils on the track to both levitate and provide lateral guidance for the train as it moves.
This document provides details about two maglev projects undertaken by electrical and electronics engineering students at Al-Azhar Polytechnic College in 2015-2016. It includes chapters on the history of maglev trains, different maglev methods and suspension systems, the evolution of maglev technology, and the working principles of maglev trains. The document also acknowledges those who provided support and guidance for the projects.
Module 4 power generation & Economics - Substation vtu syllabusDrCVMOHAN
This document provides an overview of electrical substation equipment and components. It discusses key substation equipment like transformers, circuit breakers, protective relays, buses, surge arresters, insulators, conductors, and fuses. It also covers different types of substations including transmission, distribution, converter and collector substations. Classification of substations is discussed based on voltage levels, construction features, and applications.
IRJET- Optimal Performance of Mechanical Load Factor for the Solar Photovolta...IRJET Journal
1. The paper presents a mathematical formulation to optimize the matching between a photovoltaic generator and an
electromechanical load system.
2. The results show that a system using a permanent magnet motor coupled to a centrifugal pump load has suitable matching
with PV array characteristics.
3. Varying the load factor in the torque-speed relationship can improve matching at different insulation levels and minimize
power drop, helping to optimize system design.
This document summarizes a research paper about generating electricity from trains passing on railway tracks. It describes using a wind turbine placed between tracks to capture wind energy from passing trains. It also describes using a variable capacitor system where the movement of passing trains causes the plates of a capacitor to move closer together, increasing the capacitance and allowing electricity to be drawn off. The system is meant to power remote railway equipment without needing to run power lines to those areas. It provides details on how both the wind turbine and variable capacitor systems would work to generate electricity from train movement and harness otherwise wasted energy.
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
Adaptive backstepping control of induction motor powered by photovoltaic gene...IJECEIAES
This paper is aimed at addressing the design of an effective adaptive nonlinear control of a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system powering a submersible induction motor and a centrifugal water pump. Four objectives are achieved using an adaptive Backstepping controller. First, it is applied to ensure maximum power point tracking, and uses the latter as a reference in regulation of the rotor speed to convert the maximum electrical power into maximum mechanical power. Second, the adaptive controller is synthesized to control motor rotor flux and restrict the magnetic circuit to its linear interval. Third, it is used to online estimate the rotor time-constant and the load torque disturbance estimation. Finally, this controller is employed to limit the stator currents to protect induction motor windings. Mathematical modelling of the main elements of the system is presented. A sliding mode rotor flux estimator is employed in the output feedback control of the whole system. DC-AC converter is controlled by pulse width modulation. The feasibility, the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive nonlinear controller are evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
The document discusses plasma antennas, which use ionized gas as the conducting element instead of metal. Plasma antennas have several advantages over traditional metal antennas, such as being lightweight, compact, and able to transmit and receive from the same aperture. They can also be dynamically configured and steered electronically without moving parts. Various types of plasma antennas are described, including those using tube structures and explosively formed plasma. Potential applications include military, communications, and radar systems.
Development of Automatic PV Power Pack Servo Based Single Axis Solar Tracking...IOSR Journals
This document describes the development of an automatic single-axis solar tracking system using a servo motor mechanism. The system includes light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense sunlight intensity, a microcontroller to send signals to the servo motor, and a mechanical structure to support the photovoltaic panel. The controller coding and servo mechanism were first simulated using PROTEUS 7 software. Then a prototype was developed including the mechanical structure, LDR sensors, microcontroller, servo motor, and battery. Testing showed the tracking system improved average efficiency by 7.67% compared to a fixed panel.
This document discusses magnetic levitation (maglev) trains. It explains that maglev trains use magnets to both levitate above the track and propel the train forward, eliminating friction. Superconducting magnets on the train interact with electromagnets in the track to provide levitation and propulsion via repulsion and attraction. The train is guided laterally and its height is regulated by control systems. Maglev trains can reach high speeds safely and efficiently with minimal energy usage, but the technology is expensive and not all governments have embraced it. The document also discusses potential future applications of maglev technology in space propulsion to help launch vehicles.
Analysis characteristics of power PV cells and wind turbine from power genera...IOSR Journals
This paper presents the implementation of a generalized photovoltaic model using Matlab Simulink
software package, which can be representative of PV cell, module, and array for easy use on simulation
platform. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block
libraries. This makes the generalized PV model easily simulated and analyzed in conjunction with power
electronics for a maximum power point tracker. Taking the effect of sunlight irradiance and cell temperature
into consideration, the output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated and optimized using
the proposed model. This enables the dynamics of PV power system to be easily simulated, analyzed, and
optimized.
For Wind Turbine modeling and simulation of wind driven electricity generation system or WECS (an
acronym for Wind Energy Conversion System) has been done. Our aim is to design and test a power 300W
capacity, operating at 3 m/s to 6 m/s , induction permanent magnet generator Matlab simulation. The different
components of a wind energy system namely the wind turbine, generator, rectifier, as per the scope of this
project following which the design steps and modeling of the system in Matlab simulation environment -
Simulink was undertaken
There are abundant of wave energy converter technologies available to convert wave energy into useable energy. However, most of them are huge and suitable for large application. Thus, this paper aimed to propose portable pico generator designs for small scale application. Investigation on the performance of designs with varying halbach magnet shapes was mainly focused and discussed. Two designs of different magnet shape i.e. triangular and trapezoid were proposed. Open-circuit simulation and optimization results were obtained using Finite Element Method. From the results, it was found out that Trapezoid Magnet Design produced better performance and lower material cost compared to another proposed design, Triangular Magnet as well as conventional Rectangular Magnet shape.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like
wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays.
The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many
integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the
desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power
generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has
noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue
especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a
large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable
consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing
use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid
faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper
presents the modeling and simulation of a doubly fed induction generator
according to grid code compatibility driven by a wind turbine connected to
the grid. This paper analyses the voltage sag due to a three-phase fault in the
wind connected grid. A control strategy including a crowbar circuit has been
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IRJET - Classifications of Pulsed Plasma ThrustersIRJET Journal
This document discusses classifications of pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs). It describes four main types of PPTs: pulsed inductive thrusters, pulsed form thrusters, pulsed arcjet thrusters, and pulsed electromagnetic thrusters. The pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is discussed in detail, including its operations, Mark VI and Mark VII versions. PIT works by magnetically accelerating rings of plasma using a coil and capacitor bank discharge. It can provide variable thrust and specific impulse without electrode erosion issues faced by other thruster types. PPTs in general offer advantages for small satellite propulsion due to their solid-state nature and high specific impulse.
This document provides a review of wireless power transmission (WPT). It discusses the history of WPT beginning with Nikola Tesla's experiments in the late 1800s. Key developments in WPT research and demonstrations over the 20th century are summarized. The components of a typical WPT system are described, including microwave generators, transmitting antennas, and receiving antennas/rectennas. Advantages of WPT include eliminating transmission lines and losses, improved efficiency over wired systems, and ability to transmit power to remote locations. Disadvantages include currently higher capital costs compared to wired systems. Potential biological impacts of microwave exposure are also noted.
IRJET - Electric Propulsion System – Ion ThrusterIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of ion thrusters as an electric propulsion system. Ion thrusters ionize and accelerate ions, typically xenon, to produce thrust. They are much more fuel efficient than chemical rockets, requiring only kilowatts of power, but produce very small thrust. However, their high efficiency and ability to provide continuous, low-thrust acceleration over long periods makes them well-suited for missions requiring precise station keeping or interplanetary travel. Examples of ion thrusters discussed include NASA's NSTAR and NEXT systems. NSTAR was used successfully on the Deep Space 1 mission in 1998.
The SpaceDrive Project - First Results on EMDrive and Mach-Effect ThrustersSérgio Sacani
Propellantless propulsion is believed to be the best option for interstellar travel. However, photon rockets or solar sails have thrusts so low that maybe only nano-scaled spacecraft may reach the next star within our lifetime using very high-power laser beams. Following into the footsteps of earlier breakthrough propulsion programs, we are investigating different concepts based on non-classical/revolutionary propulsion ideas that claim to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient in producing thrust compared to photon rockets. Our intention is to develop an excellent research infrastructure to test new ideas and measure thrusts and/or artefacts with high confidence to determine if a concept works and if it does how to scale it up. At present, we are focusing on two possible revolutionary concepts: The EMDrive and the Mach-Effect Thruster. The first concept uses microwaves in a truncated cone-shaped cavity that is claimed to produce thrust. Although it is not clear on which theoretical basis this can work, several experimental tests have been reported in the literature, which warrants a closer examination. The second concept is believed to generate mass fluctuations in a piezo-crystal stack that creates non-zero time-averaged thrusts. Here we are reporting first results of our improved thrust balance as well as EMDrive and Mach-Effect thruster models. Special attention is given to the investigation and identification of error sources that cause false thrust signals. Our results show that the magnetic interaction from not sufficiently shielded cables or thrusters are a major factor that needs to be taken into account for proper μN thrust measurements for these type of devices.
Electro Magnetic Aircraft Launching SystemPremKumar2000
This refers to Electro-Magnetic Aircraft Launching System, or EMALS, which will accelerate aircraft to flight speeds in very short distances. The aim is to replace the steam catapult currently used on aircraft carriers with a linear electric motor. The entire system should fit within the confines of the existing steam catapult. The advantages of such a system are increased operational availability, lower airframe stress due to programmable acceleration profiles, and reduced maintenance (and hence reduced manning).
In this paper, we present the idea of sun based vitality satellites sun oriented cells in the satellite Convert daylight into power, which will transform into radio recurrence vitality, at that point a collector will achieve the site Earth was re jolted by utilizing the reception apparatus with the innovation of remote and accepting it Power transmission is transmitting power i.e., as microwave for lessening transmission and dispersion. In this paper we want to elaborate all the aspect related to the wireless power transmission using solar power satellite by which the overall efficiency, reliability will be increased. Karan Sharma | Prateeek Saini | Naveen Jangid | Dr. Himani Goyal Sharma ""Wireless Power Transmission using SPS"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21719.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/21719/wireless-power-transmission-using-sps/karan-sharma
This document discusses solar power satellites (SPS). It begins by introducing SPS as a renewable energy source that could transmit power to Earth via microwave beams from satellites in geosynchronous orbit. It then discusses the need for alternative energy sources due to increasing demand and environmental issues from fossil fuels. The document outlines the history and concepts behind SPS, including their structure and use of klystron transmitters, beam control systems, and rectennas to convert and transmit power. It notes both advantages such as a constant power supply and disadvantages including high costs. The conclusion states that while large-scale wireless power transmission must still be proven, SPS could help solve energy issues in the coming decades.
Creation and analysis of an electric and magnetic model of a micrshravan2sp
This document describes a senior project report by Maxwell Bodnar that created and analyzed an electric and magnetic model of a micro ion thruster. The model was created based on the design of the Cal Poly Miniature Xenon Ion (MiXI) Thruster V3. The model predicts key performance metrics like primary electron impact probabilities, mass utilization, specific impulse, and thrust. When compared to test data from the actual thruster, the model was able to predict values that were within 37% error for specific impulse and 9% error for thrust, showing the model captured the key physics. Further refinements to the model will help optimize and improve the efficiency of future ion thruster designs.
Computer Integrated Design, Analysis and Shape Optimization of Proton Beam DumpIRJET Journal
This document discusses the computer integrated design, analysis, and shape optimization of a proton beam dump. It first provides background on spallation neutron sources and the issues they present, such as induced radioactivity. It then reviews previous literature on related topics like negative ion sources and beam dump design. The document proposes using simulation software to derive results from one module to input into another for shape optimization of the beam dump's cooling channel, ensuring thermal and structural stability for high-powered proton beams.
This document discusses microwave power transmission (MPT) as a next generation power transmission system. MPT works by transmitting power via microwaves from one location to another without wires, which could help reduce transmission and distribution losses. Nikola Tesla first conceived of wireless power transmission in the late 19th century. Recent experiments have demonstrated transmitting tens of kilowatts of power wirelessly over distances. MPT uses a microwave generator, transmitting antenna, and receiving antenna called a rectenna which converts the microwaves to DC power. Advantages of MPT include eliminating transmission lines and facilities, increasing transmission efficiency, and providing power access to remote areas.
Eagle Harbor Technologies has developed a plasma injector and pulsed power system to reduce drag on supersonic aircraft by injecting plasma ahead of the aircraft to modify the flow field. Their simulations show 25% drag reduction is possible by heating the plasma to 10 times ambient temperature. Laboratory tests of prototypes demonstrate heating the local area by 10 times and capabilities to generate sustained 1 meter plasma discharges. Overall, the research indicates plasma injection could enable significant drag reduction through fluid dynamical and thermodynamic effects rather than direct electromagnetic interactions.
solar power satellite & microwave power transmissionbhavisha patel
In this seminar topic,I included all the things related SPS system & how microwave power transmission can done through magetron,retro directive beam controlling scheme & all.I also mentioned the design of optical rectenna & economic evolution of the topic.
PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID ELECTROMAGNETIC DAMPER FOR VEHICLE SUSPENSIONijiert bestjournal
Suspension systems, in the automotive application context, have been designed to maintain
contact between a vehicle’s tires and the road, and to isolate the frame of the vehicle from road
disturbances. Dampers, or so-called shock absorbers, as the undeniable heart of suspension
systems, reduce the effect of a sudden bump by smoothing out the shock. In most shock
absorbers, the energy is converted into heat via viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, the
hydraulic fluid is heated up. In air cylinders, the hot air is emitted into the atmosphere. There are
several common approaches for shock absorption, including material hysteresis, dry friction,
fluid friction, compression of gas, and eddy currents.
This paper presents application and control of the gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC) for series compensation and subsynchronous resonance (SSR) damping in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms. The GCSC is a new series FACTS device composed of a fixed capacitor in parallel with a pair of antiparallel gate-commuted switches. The study considers a DFIG-based wind farm, which is connected to a series-compensated transmission line whose parameters are derived from the IEEE first benchmark model for computer simulation of the SSR. The small-signal stability analysis of the system is presented, and the eigenvalues of the system are obtained. Using both modal analysis and time-domain simulation, it is shown that the system is potentially unstable due to the SSR mode. Therefore, the wind farm is equipped with a GCSC to solve the instability of the wind farm resulting from the SSR mode, and an SSR damping controller (SSRDC) is designed for this device using residue-based analysis and root locus diagrams. Using residue-based analysis, the optimal input control signal to the SSRDC is identified, which can damp the SSR mode without destabilizing other modes, and using root-locus analysis, the required gain for the SSRDC is determined. MATLAB/Simulink is used as a tool for modeling, design, and time-domain simulations.
This document discusses different methods for charging ultracapacitors, including constant voltage charging, constant current charging, flash charging, and a combined constant voltage and constant current charging method. Constant voltage charging provides high initial current but slow full charging. Constant current charging is better for cyclic use with overnight charging. Flash charging can fully charge an ultracapacitor in just 15 seconds. The combined method increases efficiency and lifetime by using variable resistors to achieve constant current output. Mathematical analysis shows the combined method can fully charge an ultracapacitor in 14 minutes using an initial 10A current. Faster ultracapacitor charging is important for electric vehicles.
This document discusses the design and operation of a satellite-based solar power system (SSPS). It describes how an SSPS would collect solar energy using photovoltaic cells, convert it to microwave power using a DC to microwave converter, and transmit the power to rectennas on Earth using a large transmitting antenna. It discusses the technical requirements and challenges of SSPS including high efficiency power transmission and conversion, deployment in space, and addressing problems like interference. SSPS could help meet increasing energy demand through a renewable source with uninterrupted 24/7 power generation and without pollution.
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