This document summarizes a study that compared the machinability of three aluminum matrix composites: A356 reinforced with 5% graphite powder, 5% SiC powder, and 5% calcium silicate powder. Specimens of the three composites were produced using stir casting and tested on a lathe at various cutting speeds and depths of cut. Cutting forces, surface roughness, material removal rate, and power consumption were measured and compared. The results showed that the A356-graphite composite exhibited better machining characteristics than the other two composites.
Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Al- Fly Ash Composite ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the mechanical and metallurgical properties of aluminum-fly ash composite material created using stir casting. Testing found that adding silicon dioxide and fly ash to aluminum in amounts up to 10% decreased density but increased hardness. Tensile strength decreased with less reinforcement added. Scanning electron microscopy showed particles were well dispersed in the aluminum matrix. Aluminum-fly ash-fly ash composites performed better than aluminum-fly ash or aluminum-fly ash alone, with enhanced properties and potential for weight reduction applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Wear Rate using Alternating Material for...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates wear rates of materials for bushings used in food mixers. The existing bushing material is gunmetal, which has a high copper content. Testing on a pin-on-disc tribometer shows the wear rate of gunmetal at various loads and speeds. To reduce wear, a composite of brass and 5% molybdenum disulfide is proposed as an alternative material. Samples of the proposed material are fabricated via powder metallurgy and tested under the same conditions as the existing gunmetal. Test results show the proposed composite has a lower wear rate than the existing gunmetal bushing material across all loads and speeds tested.
IRJET- Development of Low Weight Magnesium Composite and its CharacterisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into developing a low-weight magnesium composite material and characterizing its properties. Magnesium alloy AZ91D was processed with silicon carbide as reinforcement using stir casting. Specimens with varying silicon carbide composition from 3-12% were tested. Tensile testing showed that yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness increased with higher silicon carbide content. Microstructural analysis found smaller grain sizes and better reinforcement distribution with smaller silicon carbide particle sizes. X-ray diffraction testing identified the crystal structures and confirmed no stress concentration in the composites.
IRJET- Strength Evaluation of Spur Gear Made up of Polymer Composite Mate...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and testing of spur gears made from polymer composite materials, specifically polyamide reinforced with carbon fiber. The objectives are to prepare composite material specimens with varying carbon fiber percentages, test their mechanical properties, design and manufacture a spur gear mold, produce composite polymer spur gears using injection molding, and validate the analytical and simulation results of the composite gears. The document reviews previous research that found composite gears have advantages over steel gears in being lighter weight, less prone to corrosion, and able to operate without lubrication. The conclusions are that composite material gears provide higher strength than steel gears and can replace conventional steel gears with similar or better performance.
Effect of Volume Fraction (Al2O3) on Tensile Strength of Aluminium 6061 by Va...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of adding aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles on the tensile strength of aluminum 6061 composites produced via stir casting. Stir casting is described as a common and cost-effective method for fabricating metal matrix composites. The key process parameters of stir casting that influence composite properties are identified as stirrer design and speed, temperature, time, and reinforcement concentration. Literature on aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with Al2O3 and silicon carbide is summarized, finding that strength and hardness generally increase with higher reinforcement content, while ductility decreases. Adding Al2O3 to aluminum 6061 via stir casting was shown to improve tensile strength over the unreinforced alloy. The document concludes
Fuzzy Modelling and Parametric Optimization of PMED using TAGUCHI Method for ...Osama Lari
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates fuzzy modeling and parametric optimization of powder mixed electrodischarge machining (PMEDM) of AISI 1046 steel using the Taguchi method. The paper studies how the grain size and concentration of chromium powder added to the dielectric fluid affects the material removal rate and surface roughness when machining AISI 1046 steel. Experiments were conducted using different levels of grain size and concentration. Analysis using the Taguchi method found that these powder parameters significantly influence the material removal rate and surface roughness. Optimal levels that produced the highest material removal rate and lowest surface roughness were determined.
Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Al- Fly Ash Composite ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the mechanical and metallurgical properties of aluminum-fly ash composite material created using stir casting. Testing found that adding silicon dioxide and fly ash to aluminum in amounts up to 10% decreased density but increased hardness. Tensile strength decreased with less reinforcement added. Scanning electron microscopy showed particles were well dispersed in the aluminum matrix. Aluminum-fly ash-fly ash composites performed better than aluminum-fly ash or aluminum-fly ash alone, with enhanced properties and potential for weight reduction applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Wear Rate using Alternating Material for...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates wear rates of materials for bushings used in food mixers. The existing bushing material is gunmetal, which has a high copper content. Testing on a pin-on-disc tribometer shows the wear rate of gunmetal at various loads and speeds. To reduce wear, a composite of brass and 5% molybdenum disulfide is proposed as an alternative material. Samples of the proposed material are fabricated via powder metallurgy and tested under the same conditions as the existing gunmetal. Test results show the proposed composite has a lower wear rate than the existing gunmetal bushing material across all loads and speeds tested.
IRJET- Development of Low Weight Magnesium Composite and its CharacterisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into developing a low-weight magnesium composite material and characterizing its properties. Magnesium alloy AZ91D was processed with silicon carbide as reinforcement using stir casting. Specimens with varying silicon carbide composition from 3-12% were tested. Tensile testing showed that yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness increased with higher silicon carbide content. Microstructural analysis found smaller grain sizes and better reinforcement distribution with smaller silicon carbide particle sizes. X-ray diffraction testing identified the crystal structures and confirmed no stress concentration in the composites.
IRJET- Strength Evaluation of Spur Gear Made up of Polymer Composite Mate...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and testing of spur gears made from polymer composite materials, specifically polyamide reinforced with carbon fiber. The objectives are to prepare composite material specimens with varying carbon fiber percentages, test their mechanical properties, design and manufacture a spur gear mold, produce composite polymer spur gears using injection molding, and validate the analytical and simulation results of the composite gears. The document reviews previous research that found composite gears have advantages over steel gears in being lighter weight, less prone to corrosion, and able to operate without lubrication. The conclusions are that composite material gears provide higher strength than steel gears and can replace conventional steel gears with similar or better performance.
Effect of Volume Fraction (Al2O3) on Tensile Strength of Aluminium 6061 by Va...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of adding aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles on the tensile strength of aluminum 6061 composites produced via stir casting. Stir casting is described as a common and cost-effective method for fabricating metal matrix composites. The key process parameters of stir casting that influence composite properties are identified as stirrer design and speed, temperature, time, and reinforcement concentration. Literature on aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with Al2O3 and silicon carbide is summarized, finding that strength and hardness generally increase with higher reinforcement content, while ductility decreases. Adding Al2O3 to aluminum 6061 via stir casting was shown to improve tensile strength over the unreinforced alloy. The document concludes
Fuzzy Modelling and Parametric Optimization of PMED using TAGUCHI Method for ...Osama Lari
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates fuzzy modeling and parametric optimization of powder mixed electrodischarge machining (PMEDM) of AISI 1046 steel using the Taguchi method. The paper studies how the grain size and concentration of chromium powder added to the dielectric fluid affects the material removal rate and surface roughness when machining AISI 1046 steel. Experiments were conducted using different levels of grain size and concentration. Analysis using the Taguchi method found that these powder parameters significantly influence the material removal rate and surface roughness. Optimal levels that produced the highest material removal rate and lowest surface roughness were determined.
Surface hybrid nanocomposites via friction stir processingmohammed noor
Friction stir Processing (FSP) is a new innovative technology developed based on the principle of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technique.
In FSP, the ceramic particulates are reinforced into the base metal by adding it into the groove and Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is performed.
In this study, the aluminum alloy 6061 is chosen as the base metal, alumina and graphite Nano powder as reinforcement.
The process parameters such traverse speed of 64 mm/min and the tool rotational speed of 1060 rpm and tilt angle of 2deg were selected, The Friction Powder Processing was carried out on vertical milling machine.
New parameters such as powder type and number of passes were involved and we also study the effect of heat treatment.
The influence of FSP was checked using some tests such as the microstructure analysis that was carried out using optical microscope (OM) and the mechanical characteristics were analyzed using tensile test and hardness test.
The micrograph results revealed that powder particulates were evenly distributed in the stir zone and reduction in grain size also observed; the reason for the grain size reduction was stirring action of the FPP tool’s pin.
The tensile strength results showed a significant improvement in strength by a percent of
50% compared to base metal but when T6 heat treatment is applied, the tensile strength decreased.
IRJET- To Study Experimental Investigation & Wear Analysis Effects of Composi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the effects of adding MoS2 composite material on the wear properties of an Al 6082 aluminum alloy. Samples were produced with 2.5% and 5% MoS2 additions via stir casting. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted under varying load, speed, temperature and sliding distance conditions. The results show that adding MoS2 reduced the wear rate of the aluminum composite compared to the unreinforced alloy. The composite provides improved tribological properties for applications that require light weight and corrosion resistance such as in aerospace and automotive components.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A356 BASED COMPO...sathish sak
Recently friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as an effective tool for enhancing sheet metal properties through microstructure modification. Significant grain refinement and homogenization can be achieved in a single FSP pass leading to improved formability, especially at elevated temperatures.
FSP is a solid-state process where the material within the processed zone undergoes intense plastic deformation resulting in dynamically recrystallized grain structure.
Most of the research conducted on FSP focuses on aluminum alloys. Despite the potential weight reduction that can be achieved using Titanium dioxide(B4C) alloys.
In this work, we examine the possibility of using FSP to modify the microstructure and properties of commercial A356-B4C alloy particles. The effect of various process parameters on thermal histories, resulting microstructure and properties to be investigated.
Study Of Mechanical Properties On Al 6061 Hybrid Composite by Stir Casting Me...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on the mechanical properties of aluminum 6061 hybrid composites produced by stir casting with silicon carbide and graphite reinforcements. Specifically, it investigates the effects of varying graphite content from 3-9% by weight on the hardness, tensile strength, and compression strength of composites containing a constant 6% silicon carbide by weight in an aluminum 6061 matrix. Samples were produced by stir casting and tested according to appropriate ASTM standards. Preliminary results showed hardness decreases with increased graphite content while tensile and compression strength increase due to the influence of both silicon carbide and graphite particulates.
This is the presentation of my 8th semester project on Application of Artificial Neural Network in Friction Stir Processing. We have used AA5052. The presentation starts from the basics of Aluminium and FSP process and then first we predict the properties of Hardness, Roughness and Tensile strength using Minitab16 and then use Minitab16 to create dummy outputs which are fed into the ANN to train it.
The document discusses the mechanical behavior of aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 for shaft applications. It presents the objectives, introduction, literature survey, methodology, material selection, properties of reinforcements, parameter selection, analysis methods, and results from static and modal analyses of the composite shaft. The composite shaft showed lower deformation and equivalent stress compared to a steel shaft based on static analysis results. Modal analysis found the natural frequencies of the composite shaft to be higher than the steel shaft. Future work is planned to fabricate composites with different volume fractions of SiC and Al2O3 and test their mechanical properties.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrateeSAT Journals
This document discusses a preliminary study on the cladding process for gray cast iron substrates. It provides background information on cladding, including that it is a deposition process used to improve substrate properties by depositing filler material in layers. Gas metal arc welding is discussed as a common cladding method. Process parameters for GMAW cladding are described, including current, voltage, and travel speed. Challenges of cladding gray cast iron due to its brittle microstructure are addressed. Nickel-based filler materials are proposed to address these challenges by preventing cracking during thermal cycling.
This document discusses the finite element analysis and optimization of a screw compressor housing. The original design analysis found a maximum deformation of 0.17mm and principal stress of 104.3MPa, within design limits. Topology optimization suggested areas where material could be reduced up to 5% of the weight. The optimized design was created and analyzed, showing a weight reduction from 24.6kg to 23.8kg while stresses and deformations remained within design criteria.
IRJET- Effect of Tempering Process on EN-24 Steel AlloyIRJET Journal
The document discusses the effect of tempering process on EN-24 steel alloy. It describes conducting experiments to evaluate the mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction in area of EN-24 steel specimens before and after subjecting them to different tempering temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 degrees Celsius. The results showed that hardness, tensile strength and yield strength decreased with increasing tempering temperature, while elongation, reduction in area and toughness increased significantly. Microstructural analysis using an optical microscope was also performed to examine the phase transformations occurring during the tempering process.
IRJET- Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminu...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum composites reinforced with boron carbide, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes. Three composites were fabricated through stir casting: an unreinforced aluminum alloy, one with 2.5wt% boron carbide and 2.5wt% silicon carbide, and one with those reinforcements plus 0.1wt% carbon nanotubes. Testing showed that the reinforced composites had higher hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy. The composite with all three reinforcements had the best properties, with an increase in tensile strength and ductility over the other composite. Microstructural analysis confirmed homogeneous distribution of the
IRJET- A Study on Mechanical Properties of Al 7075 Reinforced with TiC Pa...IRJET Journal
- Researchers produced aluminum metal matrix composites with titanium carbide particulate reinforcements using stir casting. Reinforcements of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% weight were tested.
- As reinforcement weight percentage increased, tensile strength and yield strength increased, reaching a maximum at 7% reinforcement. Elongation decreased with higher reinforcement.
- Hardness increased with higher reinforcement weight percentage, with the 7% composite exhibiting the best mechanical properties overall. The addition of titanium carbide improved properties through stress transfer from the aluminum matrix.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Design, fabrication of Powder Compaction Die and Sintered behavior of ...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a copper matrix hybrid composite material. Key points:
1. A powder compaction die was designed and fabricated from D2 tool steel using wire-cut EDM for compacting copper, TiC, graphite, and SiC powders.
2. Samples were prepared with 3, 6, and 9% SiC by weight and sintered at 850°C.
3. Hardness testing showed that hardness increased with higher SiC content. The 6% SiC composition exhibited the highest compressive strength.
4. The composite material could have applications in components requiring high conductivity, strength, and wear resistance such as bushes, bear
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized aluminum 7075 hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide and tungsten carbide particles. The composites were fabricated using stir casting by varying the boron carbide content from 2-6wt% and keeping tungsten carbide constant at 4wt%. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher boron carbide content, while density remained similar to aluminum 7075. Wear resistance also improved with increased hardness. Microstructural analysis revealed a more uniform distribution of reinforcements at higher boron carbide levels. Overall, the composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties for applications requiring high strength and wear resistance.
IRJET- Development of Al-Sic MMC by Bottom Pouring Stir Casting and Parametri...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing an aluminum-silicon carbide metal matrix composite (Al-SiC MMC) through bottom pouring stir casting. Al-SiC MMC samples were fabricated with 10%, 15%, and 20% weight fractions of silicon carbide particles. Hardness testing found the 10% composite had the highest hardness. Microstructure analysis of the 15% composite found uneven particle distribution. The document also reviews electrical discharge machining (EDM) as a method to machine such MMCs and discusses how machining parameters like current and pulse time impact the material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness during EDM of MMCs.
Effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric on performance characteristic of a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric fluid on machining characteristics of AISI D2 die steel has been studied. Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The research outcome will identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR, minimize TWR and SR. The design of experiment has been undertaken using Taguchi method. ANOVA analysis has been used to investigate the percentage contribution of each process parameter for optimizing the performance. The study indicates that all the selected parameters except pulse off time have a significant effect on MRR. Current is found to be the most significant factor for MRR and TWR. With increase in current, TWR increases. Also, surface roughness increases with increase in pulse off time.
Keywords: PMEDM, Material removal rate, Tool wear rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi method
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of M-Sand by Steel SlagIRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the partial replacement of m-sand (natural sand) with steel slag as fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixes were prepared by replacing m-sand with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% steel slag by volume. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were tested and compared to a conventional concrete mix without steel slag. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of m-sand with steel slag did not negatively impact the strength of the concrete and can be a viable way to utilize an industrial waste product in construction.
Effect of process parameters using friction stir processing /welding of steel...Husain Mehdi
Microstructural changes and flow of material have be comprehensively studied by many researchers. A lot of studies have been conducted by changing the process parameters such as axial load, feed, speed of the tool, tool geometry, tool tilt angle etc. to find the optimum process parameters. Friction stir welding can be applied on various materials such as aluminum, manganese, copper. Till date majority of the research and development was done on aluminum alloys. This is so because Al alloys are easy to deform at relatively low temperatures (approximately below 550 Celsius). Also, they are easier to weld as compared to other materials. But these days a lot of studies are being conducted on carrying out friction stir processing on steel. This process improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, ductility, micro-hardness etc.
IRJET-Fabrication And Testing Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Through St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum metal matrix composites produced through stir casting technique. Magnesium and zinc particles were added to an aluminum alloy 6061 at volume fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The composites were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, hardness, and bending. Tensile testing showed that ultimate tensile strength increased with higher particle content, reaching a maximum of 26.211 MPa for the 9% composite. Compression testing yielded a maximum strength of 20.976 MPa also for the 9% composite. Hardness values ranged from 104-119 Vickers hardness. The study concluded that stir casting can successfully produce aluminum composites with improved mechanical properties over the unreinforced alloy
Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical properties of Al-SiCp Composite by S...IJRES Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical and metallurgical properties of an Al-SiCp composite produced using a squeeze-cum-stir casting technique. Samples were produced with 5%, 15%, and 25% SiCp by volume and tested for hardness, impact strength, and microstructure. Hardness and impact strength increased with higher SiCp content. Micrographs showed more homogeneous particle distribution for the 15% sample. The new casting technique was found to improve properties over conventional stir casting and reduce particle clustering even at high SiCp contents.
Surface hybrid nanocomposites via friction stir processingmohammed noor
Friction stir Processing (FSP) is a new innovative technology developed based on the principle of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technique.
In FSP, the ceramic particulates are reinforced into the base metal by adding it into the groove and Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is performed.
In this study, the aluminum alloy 6061 is chosen as the base metal, alumina and graphite Nano powder as reinforcement.
The process parameters such traverse speed of 64 mm/min and the tool rotational speed of 1060 rpm and tilt angle of 2deg were selected, The Friction Powder Processing was carried out on vertical milling machine.
New parameters such as powder type and number of passes were involved and we also study the effect of heat treatment.
The influence of FSP was checked using some tests such as the microstructure analysis that was carried out using optical microscope (OM) and the mechanical characteristics were analyzed using tensile test and hardness test.
The micrograph results revealed that powder particulates were evenly distributed in the stir zone and reduction in grain size also observed; the reason for the grain size reduction was stirring action of the FPP tool’s pin.
The tensile strength results showed a significant improvement in strength by a percent of
50% compared to base metal but when T6 heat treatment is applied, the tensile strength decreased.
IRJET- To Study Experimental Investigation & Wear Analysis Effects of Composi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the effects of adding MoS2 composite material on the wear properties of an Al 6082 aluminum alloy. Samples were produced with 2.5% and 5% MoS2 additions via stir casting. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted under varying load, speed, temperature and sliding distance conditions. The results show that adding MoS2 reduced the wear rate of the aluminum composite compared to the unreinforced alloy. The composite provides improved tribological properties for applications that require light weight and corrosion resistance such as in aerospace and automotive components.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A356 BASED COMPO...sathish sak
Recently friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as an effective tool for enhancing sheet metal properties through microstructure modification. Significant grain refinement and homogenization can be achieved in a single FSP pass leading to improved formability, especially at elevated temperatures.
FSP is a solid-state process where the material within the processed zone undergoes intense plastic deformation resulting in dynamically recrystallized grain structure.
Most of the research conducted on FSP focuses on aluminum alloys. Despite the potential weight reduction that can be achieved using Titanium dioxide(B4C) alloys.
In this work, we examine the possibility of using FSP to modify the microstructure and properties of commercial A356-B4C alloy particles. The effect of various process parameters on thermal histories, resulting microstructure and properties to be investigated.
Study Of Mechanical Properties On Al 6061 Hybrid Composite by Stir Casting Me...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on the mechanical properties of aluminum 6061 hybrid composites produced by stir casting with silicon carbide and graphite reinforcements. Specifically, it investigates the effects of varying graphite content from 3-9% by weight on the hardness, tensile strength, and compression strength of composites containing a constant 6% silicon carbide by weight in an aluminum 6061 matrix. Samples were produced by stir casting and tested according to appropriate ASTM standards. Preliminary results showed hardness decreases with increased graphite content while tensile and compression strength increase due to the influence of both silicon carbide and graphite particulates.
This is the presentation of my 8th semester project on Application of Artificial Neural Network in Friction Stir Processing. We have used AA5052. The presentation starts from the basics of Aluminium and FSP process and then first we predict the properties of Hardness, Roughness and Tensile strength using Minitab16 and then use Minitab16 to create dummy outputs which are fed into the ANN to train it.
The document discusses the mechanical behavior of aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 for shaft applications. It presents the objectives, introduction, literature survey, methodology, material selection, properties of reinforcements, parameter selection, analysis methods, and results from static and modal analyses of the composite shaft. The composite shaft showed lower deformation and equivalent stress compared to a steel shaft based on static analysis results. Modal analysis found the natural frequencies of the composite shaft to be higher than the steel shaft. Future work is planned to fabricate composites with different volume fractions of SiC and Al2O3 and test their mechanical properties.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrateeSAT Journals
This document discusses a preliminary study on the cladding process for gray cast iron substrates. It provides background information on cladding, including that it is a deposition process used to improve substrate properties by depositing filler material in layers. Gas metal arc welding is discussed as a common cladding method. Process parameters for GMAW cladding are described, including current, voltage, and travel speed. Challenges of cladding gray cast iron due to its brittle microstructure are addressed. Nickel-based filler materials are proposed to address these challenges by preventing cracking during thermal cycling.
This document discusses the finite element analysis and optimization of a screw compressor housing. The original design analysis found a maximum deformation of 0.17mm and principal stress of 104.3MPa, within design limits. Topology optimization suggested areas where material could be reduced up to 5% of the weight. The optimized design was created and analyzed, showing a weight reduction from 24.6kg to 23.8kg while stresses and deformations remained within design criteria.
IRJET- Effect of Tempering Process on EN-24 Steel AlloyIRJET Journal
The document discusses the effect of tempering process on EN-24 steel alloy. It describes conducting experiments to evaluate the mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction in area of EN-24 steel specimens before and after subjecting them to different tempering temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 degrees Celsius. The results showed that hardness, tensile strength and yield strength decreased with increasing tempering temperature, while elongation, reduction in area and toughness increased significantly. Microstructural analysis using an optical microscope was also performed to examine the phase transformations occurring during the tempering process.
IRJET- Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminu...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum composites reinforced with boron carbide, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes. Three composites were fabricated through stir casting: an unreinforced aluminum alloy, one with 2.5wt% boron carbide and 2.5wt% silicon carbide, and one with those reinforcements plus 0.1wt% carbon nanotubes. Testing showed that the reinforced composites had higher hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy. The composite with all three reinforcements had the best properties, with an increase in tensile strength and ductility over the other composite. Microstructural analysis confirmed homogeneous distribution of the
IRJET- A Study on Mechanical Properties of Al 7075 Reinforced with TiC Pa...IRJET Journal
- Researchers produced aluminum metal matrix composites with titanium carbide particulate reinforcements using stir casting. Reinforcements of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% weight were tested.
- As reinforcement weight percentage increased, tensile strength and yield strength increased, reaching a maximum at 7% reinforcement. Elongation decreased with higher reinforcement.
- Hardness increased with higher reinforcement weight percentage, with the 7% composite exhibiting the best mechanical properties overall. The addition of titanium carbide improved properties through stress transfer from the aluminum matrix.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Design, fabrication of Powder Compaction Die and Sintered behavior of ...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a copper matrix hybrid composite material. Key points:
1. A powder compaction die was designed and fabricated from D2 tool steel using wire-cut EDM for compacting copper, TiC, graphite, and SiC powders.
2. Samples were prepared with 3, 6, and 9% SiC by weight and sintered at 850°C.
3. Hardness testing showed that hardness increased with higher SiC content. The 6% SiC composition exhibited the highest compressive strength.
4. The composite material could have applications in components requiring high conductivity, strength, and wear resistance such as bushes, bear
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized aluminum 7075 hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide and tungsten carbide particles. The composites were fabricated using stir casting by varying the boron carbide content from 2-6wt% and keeping tungsten carbide constant at 4wt%. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher boron carbide content, while density remained similar to aluminum 7075. Wear resistance also improved with increased hardness. Microstructural analysis revealed a more uniform distribution of reinforcements at higher boron carbide levels. Overall, the composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties for applications requiring high strength and wear resistance.
IRJET- Development of Al-Sic MMC by Bottom Pouring Stir Casting and Parametri...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing an aluminum-silicon carbide metal matrix composite (Al-SiC MMC) through bottom pouring stir casting. Al-SiC MMC samples were fabricated with 10%, 15%, and 20% weight fractions of silicon carbide particles. Hardness testing found the 10% composite had the highest hardness. Microstructure analysis of the 15% composite found uneven particle distribution. The document also reviews electrical discharge machining (EDM) as a method to machine such MMCs and discusses how machining parameters like current and pulse time impact the material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness during EDM of MMCs.
Effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric on performance characteristic of a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric fluid on machining characteristics of AISI D2 die steel has been studied. Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The research outcome will identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR, minimize TWR and SR. The design of experiment has been undertaken using Taguchi method. ANOVA analysis has been used to investigate the percentage contribution of each process parameter for optimizing the performance. The study indicates that all the selected parameters except pulse off time have a significant effect on MRR. Current is found to be the most significant factor for MRR and TWR. With increase in current, TWR increases. Also, surface roughness increases with increase in pulse off time.
Keywords: PMEDM, Material removal rate, Tool wear rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi method
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of M-Sand by Steel SlagIRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the partial replacement of m-sand (natural sand) with steel slag as fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixes were prepared by replacing m-sand with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% steel slag by volume. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were tested and compared to a conventional concrete mix without steel slag. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of m-sand with steel slag did not negatively impact the strength of the concrete and can be a viable way to utilize an industrial waste product in construction.
Effect of process parameters using friction stir processing /welding of steel...Husain Mehdi
Microstructural changes and flow of material have be comprehensively studied by many researchers. A lot of studies have been conducted by changing the process parameters such as axial load, feed, speed of the tool, tool geometry, tool tilt angle etc. to find the optimum process parameters. Friction stir welding can be applied on various materials such as aluminum, manganese, copper. Till date majority of the research and development was done on aluminum alloys. This is so because Al alloys are easy to deform at relatively low temperatures (approximately below 550 Celsius). Also, they are easier to weld as compared to other materials. But these days a lot of studies are being conducted on carrying out friction stir processing on steel. This process improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, ductility, micro-hardness etc.
IRJET-Fabrication And Testing Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Through St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum metal matrix composites produced through stir casting technique. Magnesium and zinc particles were added to an aluminum alloy 6061 at volume fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The composites were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, hardness, and bending. Tensile testing showed that ultimate tensile strength increased with higher particle content, reaching a maximum of 26.211 MPa for the 9% composite. Compression testing yielded a maximum strength of 20.976 MPa also for the 9% composite. Hardness values ranged from 104-119 Vickers hardness. The study concluded that stir casting can successfully produce aluminum composites with improved mechanical properties over the unreinforced alloy
Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical properties of Al-SiCp Composite by S...IJRES Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical and metallurgical properties of an Al-SiCp composite produced using a squeeze-cum-stir casting technique. Samples were produced with 5%, 15%, and 25% SiCp by volume and tested for hardness, impact strength, and microstructure. Hardness and impact strength increased with higher SiCp content. Micrographs showed more homogeneous particle distribution for the 15% sample. The new casting technique was found to improve properties over conventional stir casting and reduce particle clustering even at high SiCp contents.
Determination of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Cobalt Reinforced Al-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that determined the mechanical and corrosion properties of cobalt-reinforced aluminum 6061 metal matrix composites produced using stir casting. Samples with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% cobalt reinforcements were tested. Results showed that tensile strength increased with higher cobalt content compared to the base aluminum alloy. Microstructure and composition analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance testing to evaluate corrosion properties. The study aimed to understand how different cobalt reinforcement compositions affected the mechanical and corrosion behavior of aluminum 6061 composites for potential engineering applications.
This document summarizes the development and characterization of a hybrid particulate metal matrix composite made of AL7075 alloy reinforced with AL2O3 and SiC particles. The composite was fabricated using stir casting and tested for microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior. Key results include:
1) Uniform distribution of AL2O3 and SiC particles in the AL7075 matrix was achieved through stir casting. Hardness and density increased with higher reinforcement weight fractions.
2) Wear testing found wear resistance increased with reinforcement weight fraction and decreased with higher speeds. Wear increased with longer sliding distances. Coefficient of friction also decreased at higher weight fractions.
3) Microstructure images showed uniform particle dispersion up to
IRJET - Design and Analysis of AL/TIC MMCS for Disc BrakeIRJET Journal
The document discusses the design and analysis of Aluminium-Titanium Carbide (Al-TiC) metal matrix composites (MMCs) for use in disc brakes. Aluminium alloy 6082 was used as the matrix reinforced with 4%, 8%, and 12% Titanium carbide particles via stir casting. Specimens were tested for mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and impact strength which increased with higher TiC content. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the structural and thermal properties compared to grey cast iron. Results showed the 12% TiC composite had the best properties and potential to replace conventional grey cast iron in disc brakes.
IRJET- Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Comp...IRJET Journal
This document describes the fabrication and characterization of a hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite. The composite was created using AA6063 aluminum alloy reinforced with silicon carbide, magnesium, and fly ash particles using stir casting. The goal was to improve the wear rate, tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness of the composite compared to the unreinforced alloy. Tests were conducted on the composite to evaluate these properties, including ultimate tensile strength testing, wear testing, compressive strength testing, hardness testing, and microstructure analysis. Taguchi's design of experiments method was used to determine the optimum processing parameters to minimize wear rate. The composite showed improved properties over the aluminum alloy alone.
IRJET- Preparation & Mechanical Characterization of Aluminium 6063 Metal Matr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on preparing and characterizing the mechanical properties of an aluminum 6063 metal matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide and graphite particles. The composite was fabricated using stir casting and tested at different reinforcement weight percentages. Testing showed that ultimate tensile strength, hardness, compression strength, and toughness increased with higher reinforcement content, while ductility decreased. This composite material could potentially be used in automotive and aerospace applications due to its improved mechanical properties and light weight.
IRJET-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al-7075/Kyanite CompositesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into producing Al-7075/Kyanite composites using stir casting and analyzing their mechanical and microstructural properties. Kyanite particles less than 50 micrometers were added to molten Al-7075 at 2%, 4%, and 6% volume fractions. Samples were tested for hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, compression strength, and impact strength. All mechanical properties increased with higher kyanite content, with 6% kyanite composites showing the best properties. Optical microscopy showed uniform kyanite distribution in the aluminum matrix. The composites were successfully produced through stir casting and demonstrated improved mechanical performance over the base Al-7075 alloy.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL TESTING OF AL7085/ALUMINA NANO COMPO...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the mechanical properties of Al7085/alumina nano composites fabricated using stir casting. Al7085 alloy was selected as the matrix material and reinforced with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% weight fractions of alumina nanoparticles. Tensile, hardness, and impact tests were performed on the composites to determine properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, and impact strength and compare them to the unreinforced Al7085 alloy. The test results found that the tensile strength and yield strength increased with higher alumina content, while the hardness and impact strength values were highest for the 1% reinforced composite.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on fabricating and characterizing a hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite with welding slag and flux using stir casting technique. Specifically, it reinforced aluminum alloy 6061 with 5%, 7%, and 9% welding slag and 4% magnesium oxide flux. Hardness testing found that hardness increased with higher reinforcement content. The stir casting method produced uniform reinforcement distribution. This research demonstrated improved mechanical properties from the composite fabrication process.
Synthesis, characterization and mechanical behavior of nickel coated graphite...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper we are going to describe the characterization and mechanical behavior of the Nickel Coated Graphite (NCG) particle reinforced Al6061 metal matrix composite. Many a times, the composites fail to answer the question or fail to serve the purpose for which it is fabricated to. This is due to the less wetting nature between the reinforcement and the matrix and the impossibility of higher percentage of reinforcement addition in to the matrix. However, metal coated reinforcements have been able to overcome these limitations to a very extent. NCG particles reinforced Al6061 matrix with various weight percentages were fabricated by Squeeze casting method. Samples of 0, 5 and 10 wt% reinforcement addition were synthesized and characterized. Finally some useful conclusions were made. Keywords: Metal Coated Reinforcement; Nickel Coated Graphite; Squeeze Casting; Wetting.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Mechanical and Tribological Characterisation of Sintered Iron and Alu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sintered iron-based alloys with varying compositions of iron, aluminium, nickel, and chromium using powder metallurgy techniques. Metal powders were compacted and sintered at high temperatures to produce test specimens. Mechanical properties like hardness and compressive strength were evaluated. The alloys with 30% iron, 30% aluminium, 15% nickel, and 15% chromium demonstrated the highest hardness and strength. The research aims to determine alloy compositions that improve tribological properties for applications in machine elements like gears and bearings.
Preparation and Characterization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite by using...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes the preparation and characterization of an aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with welding slag using stir casting technique. Composites with 5%, 7%, and 9% weight fractions of welding slag particles were produced.
2. Hardness testing found that the hardness increased with increasing weight fraction of welding slag reinforcement. The unreinforced Al6061 alloy had a hardness of 95 BHN while the composite with 9% welding slag particles achieved a hardness of 96.9 BHN.
3. The study demonstrated that welding slag particles can effectively improve the hardness of an aluminium metal matrix composite when incorporated using stir casting, indicating potential applications where increased strength is required.
17. a review on electrical, thermal and wear behaviour of al6061 ag compositeNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides a review of the electrical, thermal, and wear behavior of an Al6061-Ag composite. It was produced using stir casting, which involves dispersing silver particles into molten aluminum alloy. Testing examined the composite's microstructure, density, electrical resistivity, and thermal behavior using differential scanning calorimetry. The composite showed improved mechanical properties, tribological behavior, and thermal and electrical conductivity compared to the base aluminum alloy due to the addition of silver particles.
EFFECT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND TITANIUM REINFORCED WI...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with zirconium oxide and titanium. Samples were fabricated using AA6082 aluminum alloy as the matrix reinforced with 2%, 4%, and 6% weight percentages of zirconium oxide and titanium particles. The samples were produced using stir casting and then tested for various mechanical properties. Testing included wear resistance, hardness, compression testing, impact testing, and microscopic analysis. The goal of the study was to determine how the mechanical properties of the aluminum composites are affected by the addition and varying amounts of zirconium oxide and titanium reinforcements.
“Evaluation of Mechanical properties for Functionally Graded Material base me...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that evaluated the mechanical properties of functionally graded materials made by reinforcing aluminum 6063 with silicon carbide and titanium dioxide. Samples were produced using stir casting in ratios of 2%, 4%, and 6% silicon carbide with 3% titanium dioxide balanced with aluminum 6063. Tensile, hardness, and wear tests showed that as the percentage of aluminum decreased and silicon carbide increased, yield strength, ultimate strength, and hardness increased while wear decreased. Microstructure analysis found fewer pores and better grain fusion as aluminum content decreased. The study demonstrated that reinforcing aluminum with silicon carbide and titanium dioxide can improve mechanical properties for engineering applications.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Compositesijtsrd
Using Al, Al2O3 and SiC, different types of composites have been prepared in this experiment. Green compacts of Al composites were made at a compressing load of 1 ton and 2 ton respectively. These compacts were sintered at two different sintering temperatures of 400 °C and 450 °C in an oxygen free environment using muffle furnace for one hour followed by annealing process which took 12 hours. Sintered compacts were then sintered to micro structural examination and mechanical properties evaluation. Higher hardness has been attained for the composites containing 2.5 SiC. Attempts have been made to describe the influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of Al Al2O3 SiC composites. Samples are prepared of 100 Al, 97.5 Al 2.5 Al2O3, 92.5 Al 7.5 Al2O3, 95 Al 2.5 Al2O3 – 2.5 SiC, 92.5 Al 5 Al2O3 – 2.5 SiC, 95 Al – 5 Al2O3. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the factors that can increase hardness of Al composites. Mohd Quasim Khan ""Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composites"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25073.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25073/effect-of-sintering-temperature-on-mechanical-properties-of-aluminum-composites/mohd-quasim-khan
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of AA5052& AA6061 Aluminium Alloy by using T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061 using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters. AA5052 and AA6061 plates were welded using various tool rotational speeds, transverse feeds, and tilt angles. Tensile testing showed the highest strength of 211MPa occurred with a rotational speed of 700rpm, transverse feed of 110mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees. Taguchi analysis identified tilt angle as the most important parameter, with increased tilt angle improving tensile strength and elongation. Overall, friction stir welding was able to successfully join the dissimilar aluminum alloys.
Similar to IRJET- Synthesis and Comparative Machining Characterization of A356 - Graphite, A356 – Sic and A356 – Casio3 Composites (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.