This document reviews various tribological modeling techniques for analyzing wear in worm gears. It discusses Archard's wear model, which is commonly used to predict wear by calculating the wear of each point on the wheel tooth surface over multiple wear steps while modifying the geometry. Finite element analysis can be used to simulate similar conditions and validated experimentally using tribometers. The document also summarizes several research papers on topics like stochastic wear modeling, modeling lubrication and contact conditions in worm gears, determining allowable wear limits, and developing models to calculate locally varying friction coefficients and analyze the effect of surface asperities on wear.
Computational approach to contact fatigue damage initiation and deformation a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wear Rate Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing In Different ConditionsIJMER
Friction and wear always occur at machine parts which run together. This affects the
efficiency of machines negatively. Hydrodynamic journal bearings are widely used in industry because
of their simplicity, efficiency and low cost. Wear due to relative motion between component surfaces is
one of the primary modes of failure for many engineered systems. Unfortunately, it is difficult to
accurately predict component life due to wear as reported wear rates generally exhibit large scatter.
An attempt has been made to study the influence of wear parameters like load, speed, type of lubricant
used, temperature, and viscosity of lubricant. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the wear
rate of different journalbearing materials (brass and white metal) under similar conditions. The
materials are tested in dry and wet lubrication under similar operating conditions. For this purpose we
use Pin-on-disc apparatus. It was found that the wear rate of both materials is more in dry conditions
compared to lubricated conditions (when tested under similar working conditions). We also found that
wear rate of white metal is more as compared to brass and higher frictional force is observed in case
of brass material
Wear In Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings: A ReviewIJMER
The importance of friction and wear control cannot be overemphasized for economic reasons
and long-term reliability. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of wear and
friction in hydrodynamic journal bearings and tries to find out latest developments and trends available in
industries and other fields in order to minimize the total equipment cost, minimize damages and maximize
the safety of machines, structures and materials. This paper helps us to find out the parameters on which a
hydrodynamic journal bearing is selected for different conditions i.e. dry as well as lubricated conditions.
The tribological properties of textured surfaces of brass and aluminum were compared with untextured surfaces of the same specimens. This was done to research the effect of micro-dimples and their geometry parameters in reducing the wear of samples tested under lubricated contact with a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract:The worm & worm wheel is used in gear box of Winch machine for lifting sand bucket. During working worm wheel fails due to load coming on the teeth. The failure is due to stress concentration. The crack appears at central thickness of tooth. Hence the tooth breaks at the central thickness. The failure of wheel occurs within period of about 20 days. So the company has to replace the worm wheel which is not cost effective. The stress calculation of worm wheel at tooth thickness is a three dimensional problem. This paper represents the review of analysis of stress pattern by using 3D Photo elasticity techniques & FEA technique.
Computational approach to contact fatigue damage initiation and deformation a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wear Rate Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing In Different ConditionsIJMER
Friction and wear always occur at machine parts which run together. This affects the
efficiency of machines negatively. Hydrodynamic journal bearings are widely used in industry because
of their simplicity, efficiency and low cost. Wear due to relative motion between component surfaces is
one of the primary modes of failure for many engineered systems. Unfortunately, it is difficult to
accurately predict component life due to wear as reported wear rates generally exhibit large scatter.
An attempt has been made to study the influence of wear parameters like load, speed, type of lubricant
used, temperature, and viscosity of lubricant. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the wear
rate of different journalbearing materials (brass and white metal) under similar conditions. The
materials are tested in dry and wet lubrication under similar operating conditions. For this purpose we
use Pin-on-disc apparatus. It was found that the wear rate of both materials is more in dry conditions
compared to lubricated conditions (when tested under similar working conditions). We also found that
wear rate of white metal is more as compared to brass and higher frictional force is observed in case
of brass material
Wear In Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings: A ReviewIJMER
The importance of friction and wear control cannot be overemphasized for economic reasons
and long-term reliability. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of wear and
friction in hydrodynamic journal bearings and tries to find out latest developments and trends available in
industries and other fields in order to minimize the total equipment cost, minimize damages and maximize
the safety of machines, structures and materials. This paper helps us to find out the parameters on which a
hydrodynamic journal bearing is selected for different conditions i.e. dry as well as lubricated conditions.
The tribological properties of textured surfaces of brass and aluminum were compared with untextured surfaces of the same specimens. This was done to research the effect of micro-dimples and their geometry parameters in reducing the wear of samples tested under lubricated contact with a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract:The worm & worm wheel is used in gear box of Winch machine for lifting sand bucket. During working worm wheel fails due to load coming on the teeth. The failure is due to stress concentration. The crack appears at central thickness of tooth. Hence the tooth breaks at the central thickness. The failure of wheel occurs within period of about 20 days. So the company has to replace the worm wheel which is not cost effective. The stress calculation of worm wheel at tooth thickness is a three dimensional problem. This paper represents the review of analysis of stress pattern by using 3D Photo elasticity techniques & FEA technique.
Investigation of stresses in the thin rimmed spur gear tooth using femeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper results are presented from a two-dimensional finite element stress analysis of three tooth sector of spur gear and the boundary conditions are provided at the radial end of the teeth of the rim. The different diametric ratio from 1.02 to 2 is used to get the stress variation. In the analysis of this three tooth sector the Maximum Principle stresses and von mises stresses at the root and fillet are in consideration. The main objective of this paper is to find out the minimum thickness of spur gear for different diametric ratio Md using analytical results by Lewis equation and FE results. In this study the CATIA software used for the geometrical construction and stress analysis is accomplished by commercial finite element package MSC PATRAN and NASTRAN. Keywords— Diametric ratio Md, Maximum Principle Stress analysis, Finite element method, three tooth sector of spur gear.
This document summarizes a study on predicting subsurface rolling contact fatigue in railway wheels using finite element modeling and fatigue analysis. A 3D finite element model of a wheel rolling on a rail segment was developed. Stresses and strains from the model were used in the Fatemi-Socie multiaxial fatigue criterion to predict fatigue initiation locations. The model predicted initiation at a depth of 0.12 inches, consistent with previous research. It also predicted a fatigue life of around 220,000 cycles and the critical crack plane orientation, matching other studies. The study concludes the model can accurately predict fatigue behavior in railway wheels.
Investigation of Extrusion of Lead experimentally from Round section through ...inventy
ABSTRACT :The changes of die angle, area reduction in dies, loading rate on the final extruded products, extrusion pressures of lead of circular cross sections has been investigated experimentally. The proposed method is successfully adapted to the forward extrusion of the equilateral triangular section from round billet through converging dies of different area reductions. Computation of extrusion pressure at various area reductions and calculations of different parameters (stress, strain etc.) in wet condition.
Keywords - Extrusion of Triangular section, Converging Dies at different area reductions, Friction Factor, Extrusion Pressure
1) The document describes a finite element analysis of the superplastic blow-forming of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet into a closed ellip-cylindrical die.
2) The simulations investigate the effects of shear friction factor, die entry radius, die height, and die short-axis length on thickness distribution, stress, strain, and damage within the formed product.
3) The results confirm the suitability of using the DEFORMTM 3D finite element software to model superplastic blow-forming of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy.
This document discusses a finite element analysis of stresses in involute gear teeth. A 2D and 3D finite element model of spur gear teeth were created in ANSYS. Bending and contact stresses were analyzed for different applied torques and material properties. The results from the finite element models were compared to theoretical calculations using AGMA and Hertz contact stress equations. The 2D model was found to provide more accurate stress results than the 3D model, while requiring less computational resources. The type of contact condition modeled was found to significantly impact the stress results.
1. The document summarizes recent research on gears and bearings, covering topics such as gearbox power loss, tooth stress calculation methods for spur and helical gears, mesh stiffness calculation methods, remanufacturing of large-sized skew bevel gears, dynamic analysis of marine gearboxes with crossed beveloid gears, wear behavior of machine cut polymer gears, spatial curve meshing applied to logarithmic spiral bevel gears, torque loss and wear testing of gear oils with ionic liquid additives, and improved models for calculating time-varying mesh stiffness of cracked spur gears.
2. Various analytical methods and experimental studies on gear and bearing performance, dynamics, contact stresses, mesh stiffness calculation, manufacturing techniques, and
IRJET- A Statistical Approach to Obtain the Best Blend of AggregatesIRJET Journal
The document presents research on developing an optimized blend of aggregates for concrete mixes. It discusses different methods for analyzing aggregate gradation curves, including the commonly used 0.45 power chart method. The research aims to determine the best exponent value for the power chart method by analyzing aggregate gradation data and calculating the standard deviation from theoretical gradation curves. Tables of standard deviation values for different exponent values using sample data are presented. The goal is to find the exponent that results in the lowest standard deviation, indicating the best fit between actual and theoretical gradation curves.
This document discusses optimization of clearance in sheet metal blanking processes. It investigates how parameters like clearance, tool wear, and sheet thickness affect blanking results. The blanking process is modeled using finite element analysis and design of experiments to understand interactions. An optimum clearance is defined as the point where the crack propagation direction coincides with the diagonal line between punch and die contact points, resulting in clean separation. The document outlines algorithms to predict blanking forces, crack initiation and geometry based on clearance and other factors.
IRJET- Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Beam Curved in Elevation u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes bending analysis of functionally graded beams curved in elevation using higher order theory. It presents the displacement fields, strains, stresses, principle of virtual work, and governing equations for functionally graded sandwich beams. The Navier solution method is used to determine displacements and stresses. Numerical results are obtained for various material gradients, thickness ratios, and boundary conditions and compared to other beam theories to show effects of shear deformation and thickness stretching.
Analysis of Crack Severity on Power Density Increment of GearsIDES Editor
Helical gears are commonly used in industry as
they have advantages of higher power density, quieter
operation etc., compared to spur gears. Conventional gear
design is based on various design criteria, including durability
and bending strength load rating. In recent times, fracture
failure modes are gaining importance in addition to
conventional failure modes. Stresses due to operating fatigue
loads and internal residual stresses can cause fatigue fracture
failure on the surface, sub-surface of gear flanks or at tooth
root of gears. During gear design, various parameters are
optimized, and one such parameter is the helix angle that is
optimized for power density and gear noise. However, effect of
possible defects (voids and inclusions) in the gear tooth is not
usually considered in these calculations. This paper is a study
on severity of defects in a gear blank relative to power density
increment. Three different gear geometries (spur and helical
gears with two different helix angles) each with similar defects
are considered. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to
analyze Tooth Interior Fracture (TIF), and study variation of
Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) with crack size and helix angle.
It is seen that power density increment of a common gear
blank through helix angle increment poses a higher risk of
crack severity, as the same gear blank is exposed to higher
operating loads.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF GRINDING AISI D3 STEELijmech
Grinding of hardened steels for the realisation of better surface quality of the workpiece is an essentiality
of high productivity environments. The surface grinding of high carbon high chromium steels like AISI D3
with a production level grinding wheel used in the industry is the driver of the present research article. The
experimentation is done in dry as well as pool cooling conditions to ascertain the better of the two
conditions in providing a better set of cutting forces and surface finish. A mathematical model for
evaluating the forces generated during grinding is evolved and on comparison of the results obtained from
the model with the ones from experimentation is found to be correlating. The usage of production level
vitrified grinding wheel has shown good results in terms of lower forces generated and good surface finish
during surface grinding. The results are optimised and the set of inputs which yield good surface finish and
low forces are given. Dry grinding of AISI D13 yields good surface finish than wet grinding. Surface finish
of 0.14 microns is achievable using dry grinding.
Evaluation of shear strength of model rock joints by experimental studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
HYDRODYNAMIC SQUEEZE FILM LUBRICATION BETWEEN ROUGH PARALLEL PLATES: HIP-JOIN...IAEME Publication
Objectives: The objective of this paper is to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamics queeze film lubrication between rough parallel plates with changed boundaryconditions.
Methods/Statistical analysis: The stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder hasbeen deployed here to evaluate the effect of surface roughness. Also the effect ofroughness parameters on different moments is numerically modelled. The associated stochastically averaged Reynolds equation is solved to obtain the pressure distribution. The results obtained here are presented in graphical forms.
Findings: It has been conclusively establish that in general the transverse surfaceroughness effects the bearing performance adversely. Out of the three roughnessparameters the standard deviation influences the bearing system significantly. Further
a better situation is registered with reference to X3 axis.
Application/Improvements: This theory can be developed to manufacture a suitable design for hip-joint.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Probabilistic approach to study the hydroformed sheetIJERA Editor
Under the leadership of the Kyoto agreements on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the automotive sector was forced to review its methods and production technologies in order to meet the new environmental standards. In fuel consumption reduction is an immediate way to reduce the emission of polluting gases. In this paper, the study of the formability of sheet submitted to the hydroforming process is proposed. The numerical results are given to validate the proposed approach. To show the influence of uncertainties in the study process, we take some characteristics of the material as random and the probabilistic approach is done. The finding results are showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
IRJET- Determination of Formability Index of Sheet MetalsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on determining the formability index of sheet metals through finite element analysis of the Erichsan cupping test. The formability index is expressed as the Erichsan number (cup height at fracture) and peak load. The study analyzed aluminum alloy, mild steel, brass, and titanium alloy using the Erichsan cupping test setup. The results found the brass had the highest Erichsan number while the titanium alloy had the highest peak load, indicating their relative formability. The formability index provides a way to select appropriate sheet metals for a given component based on their capability to stretch before fracture.
Optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in turning no restri...iaemedu
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology that investigates optimizing cutting parameters to minimize surface roughness in turning operations. The article uses Taguchi's design of experiments method with an L18 orthogonal array to experiment with four cutting parameters (insert radius, depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed) at different levels on AISI 410 steel. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios revealed that feed rate has the most significant impact on surface roughness. The goal of the experiment was to determine the optimal cutting parameter settings to achieve the smallest possible surface roughness.
The document discusses the ring compression test method for determining the coefficient of friction between a die and workpiece. It investigates the friction factors of aluminum rings under dry and lubricated conditions. The key findings are:
1) Lubrication reduces interface friction coefficients compared to dry conditions.
2) Friction coefficients decrease with reductions in ring height and outer radius but increase with increases in inner radius.
3) Molybdenum disulfide and zinc stearate provide the lowest friction, while dry conditions provide the highest, according to experimental, theoretical and analytical analyses.
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to analyze stress concentrations at bolt hole locations in lap joints. A 3D finite element model of a lap joint was developed using Abaqus software. Non-linear analysis considered the stress-strain behavior of materials and interactions between bolt and plate surfaces. Parametric studies varied the end distance and compared results to failure criteria in design codes. Stress patterns were compared to bearing capacity equations to determine the optimum end distance that prevents premature failure.
Computational approach to contact fatigue damage initiation and deformation a...eSAT Journals
Abstract The paper describes a general computational model for the simulation of contact fatigue-damage initiation and deformation in the contact area of meshing gears. The model considers the continuum mechanics approach, where the use of homogenous and elastic material is assumed. The stress field in the contact area and the relationship between the cyclic contact loading conditions and observed contact points on the tooth flank are simulated with moving Hertzian contact pressure in the framework of the finite element method analysis. An equivalent model of Hertzian contact between two cylinders is used for evaluating contact conditions at the major point of contact of meshing gears. For the purpose of fatigue-damage analysis, the model, which is used for prediction of the number of loading cycles required for initial fatigue damage to appear, is based on the Coffin-Manson relationship between deformations and loading cycles. On the basis of computational results, and with consideration of some particular geometrical and material parameters, the initiation life of contacting spur gears in regard to contact fatigue damage can be estimated. Index Terms: Contact fatigue, Deformation, Crack initiation, Numerical modeling and Gear teeth flanks
IRJET- Modification of Root Fillet Profile for Optimum Gear LifeIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the modification of root fillet profiles in spur gears to optimize gear life and reduce failure from pitting.
2. Finite element analysis is conducted in ANSYS on spur gear models with varying root fillet radii. Maximum contact stresses and deformations are compared for different fillet profiles.
3. Experimental analysis is also carried out using the photoelastic method to validate the finite element results. Optimizing the root fillet profile can help improve the strength of gears and increase gear life.
Investigation of the abrasive wear behaviour of graphite filled carbon fabric...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the abrasive wear behavior of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites filled with varying amounts of graphite. Tests were conducted using a rubber wheel abrasion test rig to examine how the composite's weight loss during abrasion is affected by sliding distance, normal load, and graphite filler content. Analysis of variance on the experimental data showed that normal load has the most significant influence on wear rate, followed by sliding distance and filler content. The interaction between normal load and sliding distance also significantly impacts wear rate. Confirmation tests found good agreement between predicted and experimental wear rates.
Investigation of stresses in the thin rimmed spur gear tooth using femeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper results are presented from a two-dimensional finite element stress analysis of three tooth sector of spur gear and the boundary conditions are provided at the radial end of the teeth of the rim. The different diametric ratio from 1.02 to 2 is used to get the stress variation. In the analysis of this three tooth sector the Maximum Principle stresses and von mises stresses at the root and fillet are in consideration. The main objective of this paper is to find out the minimum thickness of spur gear for different diametric ratio Md using analytical results by Lewis equation and FE results. In this study the CATIA software used for the geometrical construction and stress analysis is accomplished by commercial finite element package MSC PATRAN and NASTRAN. Keywords— Diametric ratio Md, Maximum Principle Stress analysis, Finite element method, three tooth sector of spur gear.
This document summarizes a study on predicting subsurface rolling contact fatigue in railway wheels using finite element modeling and fatigue analysis. A 3D finite element model of a wheel rolling on a rail segment was developed. Stresses and strains from the model were used in the Fatemi-Socie multiaxial fatigue criterion to predict fatigue initiation locations. The model predicted initiation at a depth of 0.12 inches, consistent with previous research. It also predicted a fatigue life of around 220,000 cycles and the critical crack plane orientation, matching other studies. The study concludes the model can accurately predict fatigue behavior in railway wheels.
Investigation of Extrusion of Lead experimentally from Round section through ...inventy
ABSTRACT :The changes of die angle, area reduction in dies, loading rate on the final extruded products, extrusion pressures of lead of circular cross sections has been investigated experimentally. The proposed method is successfully adapted to the forward extrusion of the equilateral triangular section from round billet through converging dies of different area reductions. Computation of extrusion pressure at various area reductions and calculations of different parameters (stress, strain etc.) in wet condition.
Keywords - Extrusion of Triangular section, Converging Dies at different area reductions, Friction Factor, Extrusion Pressure
1) The document describes a finite element analysis of the superplastic blow-forming of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet into a closed ellip-cylindrical die.
2) The simulations investigate the effects of shear friction factor, die entry radius, die height, and die short-axis length on thickness distribution, stress, strain, and damage within the formed product.
3) The results confirm the suitability of using the DEFORMTM 3D finite element software to model superplastic blow-forming of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy.
This document discusses a finite element analysis of stresses in involute gear teeth. A 2D and 3D finite element model of spur gear teeth were created in ANSYS. Bending and contact stresses were analyzed for different applied torques and material properties. The results from the finite element models were compared to theoretical calculations using AGMA and Hertz contact stress equations. The 2D model was found to provide more accurate stress results than the 3D model, while requiring less computational resources. The type of contact condition modeled was found to significantly impact the stress results.
1. The document summarizes recent research on gears and bearings, covering topics such as gearbox power loss, tooth stress calculation methods for spur and helical gears, mesh stiffness calculation methods, remanufacturing of large-sized skew bevel gears, dynamic analysis of marine gearboxes with crossed beveloid gears, wear behavior of machine cut polymer gears, spatial curve meshing applied to logarithmic spiral bevel gears, torque loss and wear testing of gear oils with ionic liquid additives, and improved models for calculating time-varying mesh stiffness of cracked spur gears.
2. Various analytical methods and experimental studies on gear and bearing performance, dynamics, contact stresses, mesh stiffness calculation, manufacturing techniques, and
IRJET- A Statistical Approach to Obtain the Best Blend of AggregatesIRJET Journal
The document presents research on developing an optimized blend of aggregates for concrete mixes. It discusses different methods for analyzing aggregate gradation curves, including the commonly used 0.45 power chart method. The research aims to determine the best exponent value for the power chart method by analyzing aggregate gradation data and calculating the standard deviation from theoretical gradation curves. Tables of standard deviation values for different exponent values using sample data are presented. The goal is to find the exponent that results in the lowest standard deviation, indicating the best fit between actual and theoretical gradation curves.
This document discusses optimization of clearance in sheet metal blanking processes. It investigates how parameters like clearance, tool wear, and sheet thickness affect blanking results. The blanking process is modeled using finite element analysis and design of experiments to understand interactions. An optimum clearance is defined as the point where the crack propagation direction coincides with the diagonal line between punch and die contact points, resulting in clean separation. The document outlines algorithms to predict blanking forces, crack initiation and geometry based on clearance and other factors.
IRJET- Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Beam Curved in Elevation u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes bending analysis of functionally graded beams curved in elevation using higher order theory. It presents the displacement fields, strains, stresses, principle of virtual work, and governing equations for functionally graded sandwich beams. The Navier solution method is used to determine displacements and stresses. Numerical results are obtained for various material gradients, thickness ratios, and boundary conditions and compared to other beam theories to show effects of shear deformation and thickness stretching.
Analysis of Crack Severity on Power Density Increment of GearsIDES Editor
Helical gears are commonly used in industry as
they have advantages of higher power density, quieter
operation etc., compared to spur gears. Conventional gear
design is based on various design criteria, including durability
and bending strength load rating. In recent times, fracture
failure modes are gaining importance in addition to
conventional failure modes. Stresses due to operating fatigue
loads and internal residual stresses can cause fatigue fracture
failure on the surface, sub-surface of gear flanks or at tooth
root of gears. During gear design, various parameters are
optimized, and one such parameter is the helix angle that is
optimized for power density and gear noise. However, effect of
possible defects (voids and inclusions) in the gear tooth is not
usually considered in these calculations. This paper is a study
on severity of defects in a gear blank relative to power density
increment. Three different gear geometries (spur and helical
gears with two different helix angles) each with similar defects
are considered. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to
analyze Tooth Interior Fracture (TIF), and study variation of
Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) with crack size and helix angle.
It is seen that power density increment of a common gear
blank through helix angle increment poses a higher risk of
crack severity, as the same gear blank is exposed to higher
operating loads.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF GRINDING AISI D3 STEELijmech
Grinding of hardened steels for the realisation of better surface quality of the workpiece is an essentiality
of high productivity environments. The surface grinding of high carbon high chromium steels like AISI D3
with a production level grinding wheel used in the industry is the driver of the present research article. The
experimentation is done in dry as well as pool cooling conditions to ascertain the better of the two
conditions in providing a better set of cutting forces and surface finish. A mathematical model for
evaluating the forces generated during grinding is evolved and on comparison of the results obtained from
the model with the ones from experimentation is found to be correlating. The usage of production level
vitrified grinding wheel has shown good results in terms of lower forces generated and good surface finish
during surface grinding. The results are optimised and the set of inputs which yield good surface finish and
low forces are given. Dry grinding of AISI D13 yields good surface finish than wet grinding. Surface finish
of 0.14 microns is achievable using dry grinding.
Evaluation of shear strength of model rock joints by experimental studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
HYDRODYNAMIC SQUEEZE FILM LUBRICATION BETWEEN ROUGH PARALLEL PLATES: HIP-JOIN...IAEME Publication
Objectives: The objective of this paper is to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamics queeze film lubrication between rough parallel plates with changed boundaryconditions.
Methods/Statistical analysis: The stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder hasbeen deployed here to evaluate the effect of surface roughness. Also the effect ofroughness parameters on different moments is numerically modelled. The associated stochastically averaged Reynolds equation is solved to obtain the pressure distribution. The results obtained here are presented in graphical forms.
Findings: It has been conclusively establish that in general the transverse surfaceroughness effects the bearing performance adversely. Out of the three roughnessparameters the standard deviation influences the bearing system significantly. Further
a better situation is registered with reference to X3 axis.
Application/Improvements: This theory can be developed to manufacture a suitable design for hip-joint.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Probabilistic approach to study the hydroformed sheetIJERA Editor
Under the leadership of the Kyoto agreements on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the automotive sector was forced to review its methods and production technologies in order to meet the new environmental standards. In fuel consumption reduction is an immediate way to reduce the emission of polluting gases. In this paper, the study of the formability of sheet submitted to the hydroforming process is proposed. The numerical results are given to validate the proposed approach. To show the influence of uncertainties in the study process, we take some characteristics of the material as random and the probabilistic approach is done. The finding results are showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
IRJET- Determination of Formability Index of Sheet MetalsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on determining the formability index of sheet metals through finite element analysis of the Erichsan cupping test. The formability index is expressed as the Erichsan number (cup height at fracture) and peak load. The study analyzed aluminum alloy, mild steel, brass, and titanium alloy using the Erichsan cupping test setup. The results found the brass had the highest Erichsan number while the titanium alloy had the highest peak load, indicating their relative formability. The formability index provides a way to select appropriate sheet metals for a given component based on their capability to stretch before fracture.
Optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in turning no restri...iaemedu
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology that investigates optimizing cutting parameters to minimize surface roughness in turning operations. The article uses Taguchi's design of experiments method with an L18 orthogonal array to experiment with four cutting parameters (insert radius, depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed) at different levels on AISI 410 steel. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios revealed that feed rate has the most significant impact on surface roughness. The goal of the experiment was to determine the optimal cutting parameter settings to achieve the smallest possible surface roughness.
The document discusses the ring compression test method for determining the coefficient of friction between a die and workpiece. It investigates the friction factors of aluminum rings under dry and lubricated conditions. The key findings are:
1) Lubrication reduces interface friction coefficients compared to dry conditions.
2) Friction coefficients decrease with reductions in ring height and outer radius but increase with increases in inner radius.
3) Molybdenum disulfide and zinc stearate provide the lowest friction, while dry conditions provide the highest, according to experimental, theoretical and analytical analyses.
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to analyze stress concentrations at bolt hole locations in lap joints. A 3D finite element model of a lap joint was developed using Abaqus software. Non-linear analysis considered the stress-strain behavior of materials and interactions between bolt and plate surfaces. Parametric studies varied the end distance and compared results to failure criteria in design codes. Stress patterns were compared to bearing capacity equations to determine the optimum end distance that prevents premature failure.
Computational approach to contact fatigue damage initiation and deformation a...eSAT Journals
Abstract The paper describes a general computational model for the simulation of contact fatigue-damage initiation and deformation in the contact area of meshing gears. The model considers the continuum mechanics approach, where the use of homogenous and elastic material is assumed. The stress field in the contact area and the relationship between the cyclic contact loading conditions and observed contact points on the tooth flank are simulated with moving Hertzian contact pressure in the framework of the finite element method analysis. An equivalent model of Hertzian contact between two cylinders is used for evaluating contact conditions at the major point of contact of meshing gears. For the purpose of fatigue-damage analysis, the model, which is used for prediction of the number of loading cycles required for initial fatigue damage to appear, is based on the Coffin-Manson relationship between deformations and loading cycles. On the basis of computational results, and with consideration of some particular geometrical and material parameters, the initiation life of contacting spur gears in regard to contact fatigue damage can be estimated. Index Terms: Contact fatigue, Deformation, Crack initiation, Numerical modeling and Gear teeth flanks
IRJET- Modification of Root Fillet Profile for Optimum Gear LifeIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the modification of root fillet profiles in spur gears to optimize gear life and reduce failure from pitting.
2. Finite element analysis is conducted in ANSYS on spur gear models with varying root fillet radii. Maximum contact stresses and deformations are compared for different fillet profiles.
3. Experimental analysis is also carried out using the photoelastic method to validate the finite element results. Optimizing the root fillet profile can help improve the strength of gears and increase gear life.
Investigation of the abrasive wear behaviour of graphite filled carbon fabric...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the abrasive wear behavior of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites filled with varying amounts of graphite. Tests were conducted using a rubber wheel abrasion test rig to examine how the composite's weight loss during abrasion is affected by sliding distance, normal load, and graphite filler content. Analysis of variance on the experimental data showed that normal load has the most significant influence on wear rate, followed by sliding distance and filler content. The interaction between normal load and sliding distance also significantly impacts wear rate. Confirmation tests found good agreement between predicted and experimental wear rates.
Investigation of the abrasive wear behaviour of graphite filled carbon fabric...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the abrasive wear behavior of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites filled with varying amounts of graphite. Tests were conducted using a rubber wheel abrasion test rig to examine how the composite's weight loss during abrasion is affected by sliding distance, normal load, and graphite filler content. Analysis of variance on the experimental data showed that normal load has the most significant influence on wear rate, followed by sliding distance and filler content. The interaction between normal load and sliding distance also significantly impacts wear rate. Confirmation tests found good agreement between predicted and experimental wear rates.
An Overview of Clearance Optimization in Sheet Metal Blanking ProcessIJMER
Abstract: This document prescribes a model investigation the effect of potential parameters influencing the blanking
process and their interaction. The blanking process optimization carried out by using Design of Experiment (DOE), Finite
Element Method (FEM) with ANSYS Package, Simulation with ABAQUS-Explicit software, Blank soft Software and Neural
Network Simulation in order to achieve the intended model objectives.
Keywords: Blanking Process, DOE, FEM, Optimum Clearance and Simulation.
IRJET- Review Paper on Analytical and Finite Element Analysis of Spur GearsIRJET Journal
This document reviews analytical and finite element analysis methods for studying stresses in spur gears. It begins with an abstract that describes investigating contact stresses, bending stresses, and transmission errors in gear systems using finite element models. The document then provides a literature review of several past studies analyzing gear stresses through analytical methods, finite element analysis, and experimental testing. It concludes that the most accurate approach involves using fundamental equations, finite element simulations, and physical testing to validate numerical results.
Influence of contact friction conditions on thin profile simulationVan Canh Nguyen
The paper presents the development of the Finite Element model for simulation of thin
aluminium profile extrusion of both solid and hollow shapes. The analysis has shown that the material
flow in simulation is very dependent on the friction model. Experimental and theoretical studies show
that friction traction on the interface between the tool and the deformed material can be represented as
a combination of adhesive friction force and the force that is required to deform surface asperities. In
aluminium extrusion we can clearly distinguish two different areas with respect to friction conditions
such as sticking and sliding and transient zones between them. The lengths of these zones are also
dependent on variation of the choke angle and actual thickness of the profile. To get these values the
material flow problem is to be coupled with the simulation of the tools deformation. A series of
experiments with specially designed tools have been done to investigate how the bearing length and
choke angle may influence the extension of different friction zones and by these means vary the
material flow pattern. The friction models have also been tested with industrial profiles of complex
shapes and have shown good correspondence to reality.
This document reviews research on using surface texturing to optimize the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearings. It discusses how texturing the bearing surface can influence key performance parameters like coefficient of friction, load carrying capacity, and minimum oil film thickness. Several studies are summarized that show things like micro-grooves on the bearing surface can increase friction torque and coefficient of friction compared to plain surfaces, and that partial texturing of surfaces can generate hydrodynamic lift to improve load capacity. The conclusion summarizes that texturing choice and location can both reduce friction and increase minimum film thickness depending on the operating conditions.
IRJET- Error Identification and Comparison with Agma Standard in Gears us...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to identify errors in gears by comparing contact and bending stresses to AGMA standards. A 3D model of a helical gear was created in ANSYS to analyze bending stresses. A 2D model of a rack and pinion was used to analyze contact stresses. The stresses from the finite element models were then compared to values calculated from AGMA standards. The results showed good agreement between the ANSYS and AGMA values, with errors generally under 5%. The study demonstrated that finite element analysis can accurately model gear stresses.
Numerical and Theoretical Analysis for Investigation of Shear strength of A J...ijsrd.com
This document presents a numerical and theoretical analysis of the shear strength of an adhesive joint used in an automotive application. Finite element analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software to determine the shear stresses induced in two adhesive materials joining a brake shoe assembly under an applied torque load. Shear stress values from the finite element analysis were validated using theoretical calculations. The results showed that one of the adhesive materials (Material 2) produced lower shear stresses than the other (Material 1) according to both the numerical and theoretical analyses. The study aimed to determine the optimal adhesive material and joint design to maximize shear strength for the automotive application.
Comparison of Bending Stresses in Involute and Cycloidal Profile Spur Gear ToothIRJET Journal
The document compares the bending stresses in involute and cycloidal profile spur gears using finite element analysis. Gear models with different modules are created in Creo Parametric software and analyzed in ANSYS. The results show that bending stress decreases with increasing module and is lower for involute gears compared to cycloidal gears of the same module. Involute gear teeth experience less bending stress and are stronger than cycloidal gear teeth. The finite element analysis results are slightly different but comparable to values obtained from Lewis equation.
Microstructure and sliding wear behaviour of stircast ti gr and ti –fe metal ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The type and weight percentage of reinforcement play important role in microstructure and sliding wear resistance of the composite. The low melting point nonferrous metal matrix composites Tin- Graphite and Tin-Iron metal matrix composites are cast by the liquid stir casting technique with up to 5 and 15 weight percentages of carbon and iron respectively as reinforcements. The sliding wear characteristics are important if the specimens are used as bearing materials for light duty applications. The specimens are polished and etched for microstructure examination to verify the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix. The microstructure examination reveals the uniform dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix. The specimens are also subjected to dry sliding wear on Pin –on –disc wear testing equipment and the weight loss method technique was used to find specific wear rate at the respective sliding distance. The cumulative specific wear rates and friction coefficients are plotted against sliding distance. The specific wear rate curves show the necessity of an optimum weight percentage of reinforcements in the composite to reduce the wear rate. The frictional coefficient versus sliding distance curves show the decrease in frictional force at higher sliding distances as the weight percentage of particulates increases. At higher sliding distances, in case of the Tin –Graphite composite the surface of the specimen observed to be smooth which makes the graphite particles to expose as flakes and act as solid lubricant to reduce wear. The scanning electron microscope image of the surface which is normal to the sliding surface also studied to verify the flake formation during wear. Both mild and severe wear regions are observed.
Keywords: particulate, metal matrix composites, stir casting, specific wear rate, friction coefficient.
On account of cutting gadget holder preoccupation, cutting force affects the
dimensional precision. The troublesome of equipment holder redirection is attempted
routinely in a course of action of building surface things, and to accomplish this point
uninvolved strategy can be utilized. In this unassuming work, a refreshed hypothetical
momentous cutting force appear for end getting ready is open, utilizing confined part
approach. The model be committed to variable data sources, pick the kind of the end
procedure holder, in the event that it is straight or discontinuous. The cutting
parameters are given for getting a perfect preparing instrument redirection dispersing
and rehash an area examination. The expansion results demonstrate that the
instrument evading impacts the dimensional precision of the completed part. The
essential structures of pulled back technique for distraction mask of mechanical
frameworks are quickly exhibited. It depends upon the hypothesis of dynamic
redirection. For handling forces and gadget holder redirection, two sorts of instability
show yields are shown identifying with cutting force parameters
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study on the effects of ceramic particulates (sic, al2 o3 and cenosphere) on ...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the sliding wear behaviour of three different composites. Three different reinforcements are under taken for this study namely SiC, Al2O3 and Cenosphere. Along with it percentage reinforcement is also varied from 8wt% to 16wt.%. Other factors applied normal load and sliding speed are also considered. Taguchi design of experimental technique is employed for the study of sliding wear. It is observed that SiC reinforced composites show better wear resistance than Al2O3 and Cenosphere reinforced composites. Regression and artificial neural network (ANN) is used to develop a model to predict the wear loss. It is observed that artificial neural network is more efficient than regression. Keywords: A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs); B.Wear; C.Taguchi D. Nueral Network
The document discusses stress analysis and durability studies of spur gears using finite element analysis tools. It outlines how FEA can be used to model contact stresses and bending stresses in gears to better understand gear failure from factors like pitting. The analysis aims to reduce transmission error and thereby noise generated by more accurately predicting stresses, stiffness, and life of gears.
IRJET- Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported Beam with Varying Crack Dep...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using finite element analysis in ANSYS to analyze vibration in a simply supported beam with cracks of varying depth and location. It first provides background on using changes in natural frequency and mode shapes to detect damage in structures. It then reviews previous research on modeling cracks and their effects in beams. The document describes developing finite element models of cracked and uncracked beams in ANSYS to calculate natural frequencies and compare to theoretical results. The goal is to present results of using vibration analysis for crack detection.
This document summarizes a study on modeling and analyzing an involute helical gear using CATIA and ANSYS software. It begins with an introduction to gears and motivation for using numerical analysis methods. It then describes how a helical gear model was generated in CATIA and its stresses were analyzed using ANSYS. Bending stresses from ANSYS were compared to theoretical Lewis equation values and AGMA standards, showing maximum 1.4% deviation. Face width was varied and stresses decreased with increasing width. Overall, complex gear designs require advanced software for accurate modeling and stress analysis to optimize design and prevent failures.
Design Modification of Failure Mode Effect Analysis of Vibrating Feeder used ...ijsrd.com
Vibratin feeder technology is common in material handling applications in numerous industries. This review paper examines a problem with fatigue in the support structure of a specific type of vibrating feeder. It also reviews the theory behind vibrating feeder technology and considerations that engineers who design them need to be aware of. The finite element method is used to replicate a fatigue problem in the support structure and various design configurations are then analyzed to reduce the risk of the conditions that caused the fatigue. The results are reviewed and recommendations are made to improve the design and modify the component dimensional parameters vibrating feeder.
A review on Comparison of Aluminium Alloy LM-25 with Al/Sic IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on comparing the tribological properties of aluminum alloy LM-25 with aluminum-silicon carbide (Al/SiC) metal matrix composites (MMCs). The introduction provides background on MMCs and their benefits for applications requiring high strength and stiffness. Several studies are then summarized that investigated the dry sliding wear behavior of Al-LM25 and Al/SiC composites with varying SiC content and test parameters like load and speed. The studies found that adding SiC improved the wear resistance and hardness of the composites compared to the base aluminum alloy. The best results were obtained with 20-25% SiC content. The conclusion is that the wear rate of the materials increases with increasing load
Similar to IRJET- Review on Tribological Modeling of Worm Gear (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.