This document presents a study on optimizing the performance of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) through simulation of heat transfer coefficients on the hot and cold sides. The study models a TEG system using ANSYS simulation software. It analyzes the impact of varying heat source and heat sink temperatures as well as heat transfer coefficients on the hot and cold sides. The results show that voltage and temperature difference increase more with higher cold side heat transfer coefficients compared to hot side. Maximum power output is generated for each heat transfer coefficient combination at an optimal load resistance. Power output saturates with increasing hot side heat transfer coefficient when the cold side coefficient is around 50 times higher. Voltage and temperature difference also increase with higher heat source and heat sink
Analysis of Energy Generation from Exhaust of Automobile using Peltier Thermo...ijtsrd
In recent past days, big deal of the automobile industry's RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT Practicing on improving overall efficiency of vehicle. It has brought a major interest in the field of making internal combustion engines highly efficient 1 . In past days, only 25 30 energy is used in the vehicle and rest is exposed to surroundings. The useful energy is used to run the engine as well as generator. So the efficiency of those engine were very less. But the efficiency can be improved by utilizing waste heat that is exhaust of vehicle. One of the best technology that was found to be useful for this purpose were thermoelectric generator. In this, we study and investigated the use of thermoelectric generator for power production 2 . Thermoelectric generator works by imparting exhaust's gas stream on its surface and small D.C. electric current developed due to difference in temperature across heat exchanger that is put in the pathway of exhaust gas i.e. working on seebeck effect principle. An output Voltage of 200mV was generated using a single Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of about 40o C which can be used in charging battery, headlight, G.P.S. systems, etc. Such that it can reduce the level of alternator's frictional power that is used to save fuel and also in automotive industry to increase the efficiency of engine 1 . Naveen Kumar | Vaibhav Setia | Sunil Kumar Patel | Satyam Upadhyay, | Saurabh Chauhan, | Prakhar Bajpai ""Analysis of Energy Generation from Exhaust of Automobile using Peltier (Thermoelectric Generator)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22986.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/22986/analysis-of-energy-generation-from-exhaust-of-automobile-using-peltier-thermoelectric-generator/naveen-kumar
Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
Analysis of Energy Generation from Exhaust of Automobile using Peltier Thermo...ijtsrd
In recent past days, big deal of the automobile industry's RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT Practicing on improving overall efficiency of vehicle. It has brought a major interest in the field of making internal combustion engines highly efficient 1 . In past days, only 25 30 energy is used in the vehicle and rest is exposed to surroundings. The useful energy is used to run the engine as well as generator. So the efficiency of those engine were very less. But the efficiency can be improved by utilizing waste heat that is exhaust of vehicle. One of the best technology that was found to be useful for this purpose were thermoelectric generator. In this, we study and investigated the use of thermoelectric generator for power production 2 . Thermoelectric generator works by imparting exhaust's gas stream on its surface and small D.C. electric current developed due to difference in temperature across heat exchanger that is put in the pathway of exhaust gas i.e. working on seebeck effect principle. An output Voltage of 200mV was generated using a single Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of about 40o C which can be used in charging battery, headlight, G.P.S. systems, etc. Such that it can reduce the level of alternator's frictional power that is used to save fuel and also in automotive industry to increase the efficiency of engine 1 . Naveen Kumar | Vaibhav Setia | Sunil Kumar Patel | Satyam Upadhyay, | Saurabh Chauhan, | Prakhar Bajpai ""Analysis of Energy Generation from Exhaust of Automobile using Peltier (Thermoelectric Generator)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22986.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/22986/analysis-of-energy-generation-from-exhaust-of-automobile-using-peltier-thermoelectric-generator/naveen-kumar
Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
Combined heat and power - optimal power flow based on thermodynamic model wit...IJECEIAES
Oil fields produce associated petroleum and wet gas, which can be mixed with commercial natural gas as fuel. Associated petroleum and wet gas are a low cost, low quality fuel, whereas commercial natural gas is the opposite. Two parameters are affected by this mixture: the fuel cost and the power – steam output of gas turbine – heat recovery steam generators. This research develops a Unit Commitment and Optimal Power Flow model based on Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming to optimize combined heat and power cost by considering the optimal mixture between associated petroleum - wet gas and commercial natural gas. A thermodynamic model is used to represent the performance of gas turbine – heat recovery steam generators when subjected to different fuel mixtures. The results show that the proposed model can optimize cost by determining the most efficient power – steam dispatch and optimal fuel mixture. Furthermore, the optimization model can analyse the trade-off between power system losses, steam demand and associated - wet gas utilization.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
Iris Publishers- Journal of Engineering Sciences | Performance and Design Opt...IrisPublishers
The aim of this work is to optimize the design and performance of solar powered γ Stirling engine based on genetic algorithm (GA). A second-order mathematical model which includes thermal losses coupled with genetic algorithm GA has been developed and used to find the best values for different design variables. The physical geometry of the γ Stirling engine has been used as an objective variable in the genetic algorithm GA to determine the optimal parameters. The design geometry of the heat exchanger was considered to be the objective variable. The heater slots height, heater effective length, cooler slots height, cooler effective length, re-generator foil unrolled length and re-generator effective length are assumed to be the objective variables. Also, three different types of working fluids have been used in the model simulation to investigate the effect of the different working fluid on the engine performance. The comparison between the results obtained from the simulation by using the original parameters and the results from the optimized parameters when the engine was powered by solar energy; the higher temperature was 923 K applied to the working fluid when the air, helium, and hydrogen were used as working fluid. The engine power increases from 140.58 watts to 228.54 watts, and it is enhanced by approximately 50%, when the heating temperature is 923 K and the air is used as working fluid. The result showed that the working temperature is one of the most important parameters; because the output power increases by increasing of the hot side temperature.
Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar system for residential applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Electrical and thermal energy have wider applications in the life of mankind. Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) system is a hybrid system to produce both thermal and electrical energy. Chennai has an approximate climate and is highly suitable for using PVT hybrid systems. This paper presents the mathematical analyze of the thermal, electrical and exergetic performance of a PVT system augmented by a Flat Plate Collector (FPC) for a typical domestic application. The system is found to have 11 % of average electrical efficiency, 15 % of overall exergy efficiency and 56% overall energy efficiency. Keywords: energy, exergy, photovoltaic, hybrid, flat plate collector, solar water heater.
Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and releasejournalBEEI
The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
Exergy Assessment of Photovoltaic Thermal with V-groove Collector Using Theor...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The solution of the environmental problems because of fuel fossil is to use new and renewable
energy. There are many studies about energy analysis of solar collector with v-groove but exergy analysis
of photovoltaic thermal system with v-groove is still less especially by theoretical study. Photovoltaic
thermal with v-groove collector has been conducted the exergy analysis by theoretical assessment. The
matrix inversion methods were used to analyze the energy balance equation. The theoretical assessment
was conducted under the solar intensity of 385 W/m2, 575 W/m2, and 875 W/m2 and mass flow rate
between 0.01 and 0.05 kg/s. The maximum exergy efficiency and exergy of PVT system with v -groove
collector were 17.80% and 86.32 Watt at the solar intensity of 875 W/m2.
World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) was held at Linkoping, Sweden in May 2011.
Under the broad classification of Solar Thermal Heating (STH) applications, the topic of this paper is "An exergy based unified test protocol for solar cookers of different geometries".
ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER...IAEME Publication
Shell and tube Heat exchanger (STHE) is one of the most common and widely used energy transporter suited for domestic usages as well as industrial applications. In this paper, we consider shell and tube heat exchanger as a device with known input and output parameters. This work utilizes imperative design constraints like tube configuration, fluids, surface and temperature (constant magnitude) as input parameters and energetic cycle efficiency considered as desired output parameter depicting performance of the device. The model was trained and tested by proposed Genetic algorithm (GA) technique. This entire computational procedure is implemented in MATLAB platform.
Novel technique for maximizing the thermal efficiency of a hybrid pveSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper a comparison between numerical model and experimental work results for a fixed Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is presented. The simulation in this work is based on a numerical model in solving the equations and determining the Photovoltaic (PV) cells thermal characteristics using both MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics. COMSOL is simulating the electromagnetic waves produced by the Sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions using Finite Elements Methods (FEM) and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics. A Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) is used to control the solenoid valve operation. In addition to the above a thermal analysis for the fixed PV modules and the piping water is presented where the output water temperatures, rate of heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total thermal efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS; MATLAB; Solid work; Lab view.
Exergy analysis and igcc plant technology to improve the efficiency and to re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A theoretical analysis on the performance of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator (TEG) is presented in this paper. The effect of different performance parameters such as output voltage, output current, output power, maximum power output, open circuit voltage, Seebeck co-efficient, electrical resistance, thermal conductance, figure of merit, efficiency, heat absorbed and heat removed based on maximum conversion and power efficiency have been analyzed by varying the hot side temperature up to 350oC and by varying the cold side temperature from 30oC to 150oC. The results showed that a maximum power output of 21.7 W has been obtained with the use of one hybrid thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of 320oC between the hot and cold side of the thermoelectric generator at matched load resistance. The figure of merit was found to be around 1.28 which makes its usage possible in the intermediate temperature (250oC to 350oC) applications such as heating of Biomass waste, heat from Biomass cook stoves or waste heat recovery etc. It is also observed that the hybrid thermoelectric generator offers superior performance over 250oC of the hot side temperature, compared to standard Bi2Te3 modules.
Combined heat and power - optimal power flow based on thermodynamic model wit...IJECEIAES
Oil fields produce associated petroleum and wet gas, which can be mixed with commercial natural gas as fuel. Associated petroleum and wet gas are a low cost, low quality fuel, whereas commercial natural gas is the opposite. Two parameters are affected by this mixture: the fuel cost and the power – steam output of gas turbine – heat recovery steam generators. This research develops a Unit Commitment and Optimal Power Flow model based on Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming to optimize combined heat and power cost by considering the optimal mixture between associated petroleum - wet gas and commercial natural gas. A thermodynamic model is used to represent the performance of gas turbine – heat recovery steam generators when subjected to different fuel mixtures. The results show that the proposed model can optimize cost by determining the most efficient power – steam dispatch and optimal fuel mixture. Furthermore, the optimization model can analyse the trade-off between power system losses, steam demand and associated - wet gas utilization.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
Iris Publishers- Journal of Engineering Sciences | Performance and Design Opt...IrisPublishers
The aim of this work is to optimize the design and performance of solar powered γ Stirling engine based on genetic algorithm (GA). A second-order mathematical model which includes thermal losses coupled with genetic algorithm GA has been developed and used to find the best values for different design variables. The physical geometry of the γ Stirling engine has been used as an objective variable in the genetic algorithm GA to determine the optimal parameters. The design geometry of the heat exchanger was considered to be the objective variable. The heater slots height, heater effective length, cooler slots height, cooler effective length, re-generator foil unrolled length and re-generator effective length are assumed to be the objective variables. Also, three different types of working fluids have been used in the model simulation to investigate the effect of the different working fluid on the engine performance. The comparison between the results obtained from the simulation by using the original parameters and the results from the optimized parameters when the engine was powered by solar energy; the higher temperature was 923 K applied to the working fluid when the air, helium, and hydrogen were used as working fluid. The engine power increases from 140.58 watts to 228.54 watts, and it is enhanced by approximately 50%, when the heating temperature is 923 K and the air is used as working fluid. The result showed that the working temperature is one of the most important parameters; because the output power increases by increasing of the hot side temperature.
Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar system for residential applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Electrical and thermal energy have wider applications in the life of mankind. Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) system is a hybrid system to produce both thermal and electrical energy. Chennai has an approximate climate and is highly suitable for using PVT hybrid systems. This paper presents the mathematical analyze of the thermal, electrical and exergetic performance of a PVT system augmented by a Flat Plate Collector (FPC) for a typical domestic application. The system is found to have 11 % of average electrical efficiency, 15 % of overall exergy efficiency and 56% overall energy efficiency. Keywords: energy, exergy, photovoltaic, hybrid, flat plate collector, solar water heater.
Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and releasejournalBEEI
The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
Exergy Assessment of Photovoltaic Thermal with V-groove Collector Using Theor...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The solution of the environmental problems because of fuel fossil is to use new and renewable
energy. There are many studies about energy analysis of solar collector with v-groove but exergy analysis
of photovoltaic thermal system with v-groove is still less especially by theoretical study. Photovoltaic
thermal with v-groove collector has been conducted the exergy analysis by theoretical assessment. The
matrix inversion methods were used to analyze the energy balance equation. The theoretical assessment
was conducted under the solar intensity of 385 W/m2, 575 W/m2, and 875 W/m2 and mass flow rate
between 0.01 and 0.05 kg/s. The maximum exergy efficiency and exergy of PVT system with v -groove
collector were 17.80% and 86.32 Watt at the solar intensity of 875 W/m2.
World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) was held at Linkoping, Sweden in May 2011.
Under the broad classification of Solar Thermal Heating (STH) applications, the topic of this paper is "An exergy based unified test protocol for solar cookers of different geometries".
ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER...IAEME Publication
Shell and tube Heat exchanger (STHE) is one of the most common and widely used energy transporter suited for domestic usages as well as industrial applications. In this paper, we consider shell and tube heat exchanger as a device with known input and output parameters. This work utilizes imperative design constraints like tube configuration, fluids, surface and temperature (constant magnitude) as input parameters and energetic cycle efficiency considered as desired output parameter depicting performance of the device. The model was trained and tested by proposed Genetic algorithm (GA) technique. This entire computational procedure is implemented in MATLAB platform.
Novel technique for maximizing the thermal efficiency of a hybrid pveSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper a comparison between numerical model and experimental work results for a fixed Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is presented. The simulation in this work is based on a numerical model in solving the equations and determining the Photovoltaic (PV) cells thermal characteristics using both MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics. COMSOL is simulating the electromagnetic waves produced by the Sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions using Finite Elements Methods (FEM) and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics. A Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) is used to control the solenoid valve operation. In addition to the above a thermal analysis for the fixed PV modules and the piping water is presented where the output water temperatures, rate of heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total thermal efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS; MATLAB; Solid work; Lab view.
Exergy analysis and igcc plant technology to improve the efficiency and to re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A theoretical analysis on the performance of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator (TEG) is presented in this paper. The effect of different performance parameters such as output voltage, output current, output power, maximum power output, open circuit voltage, Seebeck co-efficient, electrical resistance, thermal conductance, figure of merit, efficiency, heat absorbed and heat removed based on maximum conversion and power efficiency have been analyzed by varying the hot side temperature up to 350oC and by varying the cold side temperature from 30oC to 150oC. The results showed that a maximum power output of 21.7 W has been obtained with the use of one hybrid thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of 320oC between the hot and cold side of the thermoelectric generator at matched load resistance. The figure of merit was found to be around 1.28 which makes its usage possible in the intermediate temperature (250oC to 350oC) applications such as heating of Biomass waste, heat from Biomass cook stoves or waste heat recovery etc. It is also observed that the hybrid thermoelectric generator offers superior performance over 250oC of the hot side temperature, compared to standard Bi2Te3 modules.
Combined Efficiency Calculation of Bismuth Telluride and Lead Telluride in Th...IJMERJOURNAL
Abstract:- The heat rejected from an internal combustion engine is dumped into the atmosphere as waste heat. If this waste heat energy is tapped and converted into usable energy, the overall efficiency of an engine can be improved. The percentage of energy rejected to the environment through exhaust gas is approximately 30-40%.The thermoelectric generators are used for power generation . Thermoelectric modules which are used in thermoelectric generators are solid state devices that are used to convert thermal energy from a temperature gradient to electrical energy and it works on basic principle of Seebeck effect. The objective of this project is to include fin effect to increase cooling rate , to reduce the temperature by increasing the temperature difference and to use long fin and avoid accumulation of heat in between fins . The TEG system is directly connected to the exhaust pipe and the amount of electricity generated by the thermoelectric material is directly proportional to their heated area . The materials used in TEG are Bi2Te3 - Bismuth Telluride and PbTe - Lead Telluride . Bi2Te3 module TEG is highly efficient in room temperature , but heat withstanding capacity of Bi2Te3 is less than PbTe.The combination of these thermoelectric materials are used for better efficiency . The testing is done for above conditions and experimental results with this setup are performed and presented.
Nowadays humans are facing difficult issues, such as increasing power costs, environmental pollution and global warming.. Scientists are focusing on enhancing energy-harvesting power generators in an effort to lessen their effects. Through the Seebeck effect, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have proven they are capable of converting thermal energy directly into electric power. Thermoelectric systems have arisen during the past ten years as a possible alternative to existing green energy generation technologies because of the distinctive advantages they provide.
Initial Development of an Electrical Power Generator by using Thermoelectric ...IJECEIAES
Electrical energy is important in various developments to ensure global stability. However, most electrical energy sources are non-renewable and these sources are expected to be depleted in the near future. In order to solve this problem, research on renewable energy sources are intensified and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is one of the potential solutions. TEG can generate electricity if the there is a temperature difference between the hot end and cold end of its plate and it is widely used in various applications, ranging from high temperature of a steam generator until to the lowest temperature of a human body. The initial development of this work focuses on the electrical power generator design by using focal lens to focus sunlight, a form of renewable energy, on the TEG hot end and also underground heat dissipation system on the cold end to create temperature difference. The initial results showed that the amount of power produced by the system is quite small but reasonable due to the type of TEGs used. However, the heat dissipation system showed a promising development due to its nondependency on external energy to expel heat from the cold side.
Thermoelectric generator technologies and hybrid photovoltaic.pptxahmedjassim36
Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is of much intrigue among all photovoltaic (PV) technologies because it re- places the expensive PV cell material with cheaper optical concentrators and occupies less land area as compared with conventional PV technology. However
Review on Thermoelectric materials and applicationsijsrd.com
In this paper thermoelectric materials are theoretically analyzed. The thermoelectric cooler device proposed here uses semiconductor material and uses current to transport energy (i.e., heat) from a cold source to a hot source via n- and p-type carriers. This device is fabricated by combining the standard n- and p-channel solid-state thermoelectric cooler with a two-element device inserted into each of the two channels to eliminate the solid-state thermal conductivity. The heat removed from the cold source is the energy difference, because of field emitted electrons from the n-type and p-type semiconductors. The cooling efficiency is operationally defined as where V is the anode bias voltage The cooling device here is shown to have an energy transport (i.e., heat) per electron of about500 me V depending on concentration and field while, in good thermoelectric coolers, it is about 50-60 me V at room temperature.
Green energy harvesting aims to supply electricity to electric or electronic systems from an energy source present in the environment (e.g., thermal energy (thermoelectricity)) without grid connection or utilisation of batteries. The possibility of using a thermoelectric (TE) device to capture and to directly convert this waste heat into electric power is a very attractive and valuable approach to improve the overall energy efficiency and, thus, promotes a sustainable future.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.