IMPLEMENTATION OF PERTURB AND OBSERVE MPPT OF PV SYSTEM WITH DIRECT CONTROL M...eeiej_journal
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in power electronic circuits to extract
maximum energy from the Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. In the recent decades, photovoltaic power generation
has become more important due its many benefits such as needs a few maintenance and environmental
advantages and fuel free. However, there are two major barriers for the use of PV systems, low energy
conversion efficiency and high initial cost. To improve the energy efficiency, it is important to work PV
system always at its maximum power point. So far, many researches are conducted and many papers were
published and suggested different methods for extracting maximum power point. This paper presents in
details implementation of Perturb and Observe MPPT using buck and buck-boost Converters. Some results
such as current, voltage and output power for each various combination have been recorded
Harvesting in electric vehicles: Combining multiple power tracking and fuel-c...IJECEIAES
Exploitation of green energy sources is essential to diminish the deterioration of our environment. The energy harvesting, represents an alternative to achieve greater range in electric and hybrid vehicles. An energy management strategy (EMS) must be optimized to obtain the best benefits in such vehicles, which is not a trivial task. If harvesting or energy recovery devices are added, the EMS becomes a dual-purpose algorithm: minimizing fuel consumption and maximizing energy harvest through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers. Known studies consider separate EMS, one for traction and another for regenerative braking, without considering harvest devices such as solar panels, regenerative suspension, thermal generators, among others. Furthermore, the electronic power converters used, are not designed to handle such unequal power levels. In this article, an electronic platform to include multiple energy harvesting devices in a fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle, was presented together with a multiple MPPT-EMS. The EMS is easily implementable, and considers quasi-constant cell energy extraction and filtering of current transients to the battery bank ensuring the longevity of the devices. A new mathematical model of the platform, a closed loop stability analysis, and numerical and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validations were presented. Some experimental validation results were also provided.
Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm for PV System Implemented Using DC-DC ...IJERA Editor
The two basic topologies of switch mode DC-DC converters (Buck and Boost) are analyzed with a view of their use in PV (photovoltaic) systems, as the photovoltaic generator exhibits non-linear characteristics due to the change in environmental condition and load variation. As the efficiency of PV panels is low it becomes mandatory to extract maximum power from the PV panel at a given period of time. Several MPPT algorithms with different types of converters are being proposed for extracting maximum power from the PV panel. It is found that the nature of load plays an important role in the choice of topology. This paper investigates the implementation issues of Incremental Conductance method with Buck and Boost Converters. Mathematical analysis and desirable steady-state operating point of the converters are derived to give satisfactory maximum power point tracking operation.
A Wind driven PV- FC Hybrid System and its Power Management Strategies in a GridIJERA Editor
This paper shows the work done on the method to operate a Wind driven grid connected hybrid system which is composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell . A wind system provides with an opportunity to harness the abundantly available renewable resource. With the proton exchange membrane the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Here the system uses two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode. This papers discusses the coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in hybrid system and the way in which the reference parameters are determined.
Partial Shading Detection and MPPT Controller for Total Cross Tied Photovolta...IDES Editor
This paper present Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) controller for solving partial shading problems in
photovoltaic (PV) systems. It is well-known that partial shading
is often encountered in PV system issue with many
consequences. In this research, PV array is connected using
TCT (total cross-tied) configuration including sensors to
measure voltage and currents. The sensors provide inputs for
MPPT controller in order to achieve optimum output power.
The Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is
utilized in this paper as the controller methods. Then, the
output of MPPT controller is the optimum power duty cycle
(α) to drive the performance DC-DC converter. The simulation
shows that the proposed MPPT controller can provide PV
voltage (VMPP) nearly to the maximum power point voltage.
The accuracy of our proposed method is measured by
performance index defined as Mean Absolute Percentage Error
(MAPE). In addition, the main purpose of this work is to
present a new method for detecting partial condition of
photovoltaic TCT configuration using only 3 sensors. Thus,
this method can streamline the time and reduce operating
costs.
This project proposes a simplified PV module simulator with MPPT. The PV model is designed in Matlab/Simulink based on various mathematical equations. This paper explains the use of MPPT technique in a photovoltaic system. The MPPT is implemented by incremental conductance or perturbation and observation methods. The overall system is designed, developed and validated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK
IMPLEMENTATION OF PERTURB AND OBSERVE MPPT OF PV SYSTEM WITH DIRECT CONTROL M...eeiej_journal
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in power electronic circuits to extract
maximum energy from the Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. In the recent decades, photovoltaic power generation
has become more important due its many benefits such as needs a few maintenance and environmental
advantages and fuel free. However, there are two major barriers for the use of PV systems, low energy
conversion efficiency and high initial cost. To improve the energy efficiency, it is important to work PV
system always at its maximum power point. So far, many researches are conducted and many papers were
published and suggested different methods for extracting maximum power point. This paper presents in
details implementation of Perturb and Observe MPPT using buck and buck-boost Converters. Some results
such as current, voltage and output power for each various combination have been recorded
Harvesting in electric vehicles: Combining multiple power tracking and fuel-c...IJECEIAES
Exploitation of green energy sources is essential to diminish the deterioration of our environment. The energy harvesting, represents an alternative to achieve greater range in electric and hybrid vehicles. An energy management strategy (EMS) must be optimized to obtain the best benefits in such vehicles, which is not a trivial task. If harvesting or energy recovery devices are added, the EMS becomes a dual-purpose algorithm: minimizing fuel consumption and maximizing energy harvest through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers. Known studies consider separate EMS, one for traction and another for regenerative braking, without considering harvest devices such as solar panels, regenerative suspension, thermal generators, among others. Furthermore, the electronic power converters used, are not designed to handle such unequal power levels. In this article, an electronic platform to include multiple energy harvesting devices in a fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle, was presented together with a multiple MPPT-EMS. The EMS is easily implementable, and considers quasi-constant cell energy extraction and filtering of current transients to the battery bank ensuring the longevity of the devices. A new mathematical model of the platform, a closed loop stability analysis, and numerical and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validations were presented. Some experimental validation results were also provided.
Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm for PV System Implemented Using DC-DC ...IJERA Editor
The two basic topologies of switch mode DC-DC converters (Buck and Boost) are analyzed with a view of their use in PV (photovoltaic) systems, as the photovoltaic generator exhibits non-linear characteristics due to the change in environmental condition and load variation. As the efficiency of PV panels is low it becomes mandatory to extract maximum power from the PV panel at a given period of time. Several MPPT algorithms with different types of converters are being proposed for extracting maximum power from the PV panel. It is found that the nature of load plays an important role in the choice of topology. This paper investigates the implementation issues of Incremental Conductance method with Buck and Boost Converters. Mathematical analysis and desirable steady-state operating point of the converters are derived to give satisfactory maximum power point tracking operation.
A Wind driven PV- FC Hybrid System and its Power Management Strategies in a GridIJERA Editor
This paper shows the work done on the method to operate a Wind driven grid connected hybrid system which is composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell . A wind system provides with an opportunity to harness the abundantly available renewable resource. With the proton exchange membrane the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Here the system uses two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode. This papers discusses the coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in hybrid system and the way in which the reference parameters are determined.
Partial Shading Detection and MPPT Controller for Total Cross Tied Photovolta...IDES Editor
This paper present Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) controller for solving partial shading problems in
photovoltaic (PV) systems. It is well-known that partial shading
is often encountered in PV system issue with many
consequences. In this research, PV array is connected using
TCT (total cross-tied) configuration including sensors to
measure voltage and currents. The sensors provide inputs for
MPPT controller in order to achieve optimum output power.
The Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is
utilized in this paper as the controller methods. Then, the
output of MPPT controller is the optimum power duty cycle
(α) to drive the performance DC-DC converter. The simulation
shows that the proposed MPPT controller can provide PV
voltage (VMPP) nearly to the maximum power point voltage.
The accuracy of our proposed method is measured by
performance index defined as Mean Absolute Percentage Error
(MAPE). In addition, the main purpose of this work is to
present a new method for detecting partial condition of
photovoltaic TCT configuration using only 3 sensors. Thus,
this method can streamline the time and reduce operating
costs.
This project proposes a simplified PV module simulator with MPPT. The PV model is designed in Matlab/Simulink based on various mathematical equations. This paper explains the use of MPPT technique in a photovoltaic system. The MPPT is implemented by incremental conductance or perturbation and observation methods. The overall system is designed, developed and validated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Comprehensive Analysis of Partial Shading Effect on Output Parameters of a ...IJECEIAES
One of the issues of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the effect of the partial shading on the key parameters and performance of the system. In practice, a share of the entire PV panel may shadded because of the various reasons, inevitably. In this case, the key parameters of the system output are affected with respect to the shading extent and paradigm. In this paper, the effects of the various partial shading patterns on the ouput of the system are examined. This is performed by deriving relevant equations and appropriate modeling of the system and defining different scenarios. The analysis on the system performance is carried out on the dominant output parameters including panel voltage, panel power, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter. Also, the study considers the effect of using bypass diodes in the panels or not. Addintionally, to compare derived conclusions, the study is implementd on a practical system. The set up is made up of a 7-level multilevel inverter, a Z-source converter, and 1 kW lateral circuitry. The real world test results of the study demonstrate a negligible deviation compared to the simulation results.
A MATLAB /Simulink Modal of Triple-Junction Solar Cell and MPPT Based on Incr...IJERA Editor
Photovoltaic energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and unlimited. In
current years, a large number of techniques have been projected for tracking the maximum power point.
Maximum power point tracking is used in photovoltaic systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output
power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV
array output power is used to directly control the boost converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system.
The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current
for the maximum output power. The implementation of a PV model is based on the triple-junction solar cell in
the form of masked block in Matlab/Simulink software package that has a user-friendly icon. It is fast and
accurate technique to follow the maximum power point. This paper presents a new Matlab/Simulink model of a
PV module and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for high efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triplejunction
solar cell.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Charge Controller for Standalone PV SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The depletion of conventional energy sources and global warming has raised worldwide
awareness on the usage of renewable energy sources particularly solar photovoltaic (PV). Renewable
energy sources are non-polluting sources which can meet energy demands without causing any
environmental issues. For standalone PV systems, a low conversion efficiency of the solar panel and high
installation cost due to storage elements are the two primary constraints that limit the wide spread use of
this system. As the size of the system increases, the demand for a highly efficient tracking and charging
system is very crucial. Direct charging of battery with PV module will results in loss of capacity or
premature battery degradation. Furthermore, most of the available energy generated by the PV module or
array will be wasted if proper tracking technique is not employed. As a result, more PV panels need to be
installed to provide the same output power capacity. This paper presents selection, design and simulation
of maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and battery charge controller for standalone Photovoltaic (PV)
system. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system, including selection of suitable
converter, converter design, system simulation, and MPPT algorithm. The proposed system utilizes direct
duty cycle technique thus simplifying its control structure. MPPT algorithm based on scanning approach
has been applied by sweeping the duty cycle throughout the I -V curve to ensure continuous tracking of the
maximum power irrespective of any environmental circumstances. For energy storage, lead acid battery is
employed in this work. MATLAB/Simulink® was utilized for simulation studies. Results show that the
propose strategy can track the MPPs and charge the battery effectively.
Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid En...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
Comparison between neural network and P&O method in optimizing MPPT control f...IJECEIAES
The demand for renewable energy has increased because it is considered a clean energy and does not result in any pollution or emission of toxic gases that negatively affect the environment and human health also requiring little maintenance, and emitting no noise, so it is necessary to develop this type of energy and increase its production capacity. In this research a design of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method using Neural Network (NN) for photovoltaic system is presented. First we design a standalone PV system linked to dc boost chopper with MPPT by perturbation and observation P&O technique, and then a design of MPPT by using ANN for the same system is presented. Comparative between two control methods are studied. The results explained in constant and adjustable weather settings such as irradiation and temperature. The results exposed that the proposed MPPT by ANN control can improve the PV array efficiency by reduce the oscillation around the MPP that accure in P&O method and so decreases the power losses. As well as decrease the the overshot that accure in transient response, and hence improving the performance of the solar cell.
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
To increase energy yield from an installed photovoltaic (PV) array, particularly during partial shading condition (PSC), a new technique based on reconfigurable PV array interconnection is proposed in this work. The proposed technique works by dynamically changing the interconnection of PV modules to form a new configuration using a switching matrix inside the array. The criteria of good reconfigurable PV array interconnection techniques depend on the efficiency and accuracy of the control algorithm to optimally reconfigure the PV array to maximize the total output power. Hence, this paper proposes a new control algorithm using differential evolution (DE) for photovoltaic array reconfiguration (PVAR). To verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, DE is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results confirm that DE performs well in terms of the amount of energy production during PSC. For all the nine shading patterns tested on a 3 × 3 PV array, DE yields 1% to 5% more power than PSO.
MPPT for PV System Based on Variable Step Size P&O AlgorithmTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents some improvements on the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method to overcome the common drawbacks of conventional P&O method. The main advantage of this modified algorithm is its simplicity with higher accuracy results, compared to the conventional methods. The operation of the entire solar Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system was observed through two different approaches, which are through MATLAB/Simulink simulation and hardware implementation. A small scale of hardware design, which consists of solar PV cell, boost converter and Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller, had been utilized for further verification on the simulation results. The simulation results that was carried out by this modified P&O algorithm showed improvement and a promising performance: faster convergence speed of 0.67s, small oscillation at steady state region and promising efficiency of 95.23%. Besides, from the hardware results, the convergence time of the power curve was able to maintain at 0.2s and give almost zero oscillation during steady state. It is envisaged that the method is useful in future research of Photovoltaic (PV) system.
Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This paper proposes a single stage PV system based on a linear quadratic regulator LQR . The system makes use of a single phase power converter connected to the grid connected system through an LCL filter. The PandO algorithm is used to generate the reference signal for the fluctuating dc bus voltage as well as to extract the maximum power from the solar panels. The proposed work has been carried out in MATLAB, and the results are presented. C. B. Sree Hara Vamsi | B. Kumar Reddy "Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29786/simulation-of-optimal-control-strategy-for-a-solar-photovoltaic-power-system/c-b-sree-hara-vamsi
Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
A Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking: Design and Implementationpaperpublications3
Abstract: Photovoltaic Energy is the most important Energy Resource since it is clean pollution free and inexhaustible. In recent years a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the Maximum Power Point. PV array has non-linear I-V characteristic and output power depends on environmental conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature. There is a point on I-V, P-V characteristic curve of PV array called as Maximum Power Point (MPP), where the PV system produces its maximum output power. Location of MPP changes with change in environmental condition. The purpose of MPPT is to adjust the solar operating voltage close to MPP under changing environmental conditions. In order to continuously gather the maximum power from the PV array, they have to operate at their MPPT despite of the inhomogeneous change in environmental conditions. The two most commonly algorithms for PV applications as they are easy to Implement are Beta method Incremental Conductance (Inc. Con.).Beta algorithm is a type of MPPT algorithm. It is having fast tracking ability. The algorithm has been verified on a photovoltaic system, A review of various MPPT algorithms is proposed with more focus on above two algorithms.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Comprehensive Analysis of Partial Shading Effect on Output Parameters of a ...IJECEIAES
One of the issues of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the effect of the partial shading on the key parameters and performance of the system. In practice, a share of the entire PV panel may shadded because of the various reasons, inevitably. In this case, the key parameters of the system output are affected with respect to the shading extent and paradigm. In this paper, the effects of the various partial shading patterns on the ouput of the system are examined. This is performed by deriving relevant equations and appropriate modeling of the system and defining different scenarios. The analysis on the system performance is carried out on the dominant output parameters including panel voltage, panel power, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter. Also, the study considers the effect of using bypass diodes in the panels or not. Addintionally, to compare derived conclusions, the study is implementd on a practical system. The set up is made up of a 7-level multilevel inverter, a Z-source converter, and 1 kW lateral circuitry. The real world test results of the study demonstrate a negligible deviation compared to the simulation results.
A MATLAB /Simulink Modal of Triple-Junction Solar Cell and MPPT Based on Incr...IJERA Editor
Photovoltaic energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and unlimited. In
current years, a large number of techniques have been projected for tracking the maximum power point.
Maximum power point tracking is used in photovoltaic systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output
power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV
array output power is used to directly control the boost converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system.
The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current
for the maximum output power. The implementation of a PV model is based on the triple-junction solar cell in
the form of masked block in Matlab/Simulink software package that has a user-friendly icon. It is fast and
accurate technique to follow the maximum power point. This paper presents a new Matlab/Simulink model of a
PV module and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for high efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triplejunction
solar cell.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Charge Controller for Standalone PV SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The depletion of conventional energy sources and global warming has raised worldwide
awareness on the usage of renewable energy sources particularly solar photovoltaic (PV). Renewable
energy sources are non-polluting sources which can meet energy demands without causing any
environmental issues. For standalone PV systems, a low conversion efficiency of the solar panel and high
installation cost due to storage elements are the two primary constraints that limit the wide spread use of
this system. As the size of the system increases, the demand for a highly efficient tracking and charging
system is very crucial. Direct charging of battery with PV module will results in loss of capacity or
premature battery degradation. Furthermore, most of the available energy generated by the PV module or
array will be wasted if proper tracking technique is not employed. As a result, more PV panels need to be
installed to provide the same output power capacity. This paper presents selection, design and simulation
of maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and battery charge controller for standalone Photovoltaic (PV)
system. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system, including selection of suitable
converter, converter design, system simulation, and MPPT algorithm. The proposed system utilizes direct
duty cycle technique thus simplifying its control structure. MPPT algorithm based on scanning approach
has been applied by sweeping the duty cycle throughout the I -V curve to ensure continuous tracking of the
maximum power irrespective of any environmental circumstances. For energy storage, lead acid battery is
employed in this work. MATLAB/Simulink® was utilized for simulation studies. Results show that the
propose strategy can track the MPPs and charge the battery effectively.
Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid En...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
Comparison between neural network and P&O method in optimizing MPPT control f...IJECEIAES
The demand for renewable energy has increased because it is considered a clean energy and does not result in any pollution or emission of toxic gases that negatively affect the environment and human health also requiring little maintenance, and emitting no noise, so it is necessary to develop this type of energy and increase its production capacity. In this research a design of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method using Neural Network (NN) for photovoltaic system is presented. First we design a standalone PV system linked to dc boost chopper with MPPT by perturbation and observation P&O technique, and then a design of MPPT by using ANN for the same system is presented. Comparative between two control methods are studied. The results explained in constant and adjustable weather settings such as irradiation and temperature. The results exposed that the proposed MPPT by ANN control can improve the PV array efficiency by reduce the oscillation around the MPP that accure in P&O method and so decreases the power losses. As well as decrease the the overshot that accure in transient response, and hence improving the performance of the solar cell.
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
To increase energy yield from an installed photovoltaic (PV) array, particularly during partial shading condition (PSC), a new technique based on reconfigurable PV array interconnection is proposed in this work. The proposed technique works by dynamically changing the interconnection of PV modules to form a new configuration using a switching matrix inside the array. The criteria of good reconfigurable PV array interconnection techniques depend on the efficiency and accuracy of the control algorithm to optimally reconfigure the PV array to maximize the total output power. Hence, this paper proposes a new control algorithm using differential evolution (DE) for photovoltaic array reconfiguration (PVAR). To verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, DE is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results confirm that DE performs well in terms of the amount of energy production during PSC. For all the nine shading patterns tested on a 3 × 3 PV array, DE yields 1% to 5% more power than PSO.
MPPT for PV System Based on Variable Step Size P&O AlgorithmTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents some improvements on the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method to overcome the common drawbacks of conventional P&O method. The main advantage of this modified algorithm is its simplicity with higher accuracy results, compared to the conventional methods. The operation of the entire solar Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system was observed through two different approaches, which are through MATLAB/Simulink simulation and hardware implementation. A small scale of hardware design, which consists of solar PV cell, boost converter and Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller, had been utilized for further verification on the simulation results. The simulation results that was carried out by this modified P&O algorithm showed improvement and a promising performance: faster convergence speed of 0.67s, small oscillation at steady state region and promising efficiency of 95.23%. Besides, from the hardware results, the convergence time of the power curve was able to maintain at 0.2s and give almost zero oscillation during steady state. It is envisaged that the method is useful in future research of Photovoltaic (PV) system.
Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This paper proposes a single stage PV system based on a linear quadratic regulator LQR . The system makes use of a single phase power converter connected to the grid connected system through an LCL filter. The PandO algorithm is used to generate the reference signal for the fluctuating dc bus voltage as well as to extract the maximum power from the solar panels. The proposed work has been carried out in MATLAB, and the results are presented. C. B. Sree Hara Vamsi | B. Kumar Reddy "Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29786/simulation-of-optimal-control-strategy-for-a-solar-photovoltaic-power-system/c-b-sree-hara-vamsi
Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
A Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking: Design and Implementationpaperpublications3
Abstract: Photovoltaic Energy is the most important Energy Resource since it is clean pollution free and inexhaustible. In recent years a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the Maximum Power Point. PV array has non-linear I-V characteristic and output power depends on environmental conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature. There is a point on I-V, P-V characteristic curve of PV array called as Maximum Power Point (MPP), where the PV system produces its maximum output power. Location of MPP changes with change in environmental condition. The purpose of MPPT is to adjust the solar operating voltage close to MPP under changing environmental conditions. In order to continuously gather the maximum power from the PV array, they have to operate at their MPPT despite of the inhomogeneous change in environmental conditions. The two most commonly algorithms for PV applications as they are easy to Implement are Beta method Incremental Conductance (Inc. Con.).Beta algorithm is a type of MPPT algorithm. It is having fast tracking ability. The algorithm has been verified on a photovoltaic system, A review of various MPPT algorithms is proposed with more focus on above two algorithms.
comparative analysis of solar photovoltaic thermal (pvt) water and solarIJCMESJOURNAL
The present commercial photovoltaic solar cell (PV) converts solar energy into electricity with a relatively low efficiency less than 15%. More than 80% of the absorbed solar energy is dumped into the surroundings as heat after photovoltaic conversion. The electrical efficiency of photovoltaic system drops as its operating temperature rises and for this reason PV cooling is necessary. Therefore, stabilizing the temperature of photovoltaic modules at low level is highly desirable to improve the efficiency. Hybrid solar technology has the advantage of increasing the energy output per unit installed collector area. India as a tropical country is deemed to have a good potential of applying this technology. In this paper, solar PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) air and water collector hybrid systems were designed by using a poly crystalline silicon PV module as solar absorber and the comparative study was carried out. Air and water cooling of a commercial PV module configured as PVT air solar collector and PVT water solar collector by forced flow is studied. The energy and exergy performance of the PVT systems has been experimentally determined for various mass flow rates of fluids. The experimental result shows that the combined PVT system has got better performance than the simple PV and solar PVT water hybrid system has better efficiency than both. These systems are simple and suitable for building integration providing space heating depending on the season and for low temperature heating application.
DESIGN AND MODELLING OF STANDALONE HYBRID POWER SYSTEM WITH MATLAB/SIMULINKMichael George
This paper presents a standalone hybrid power system using wind/PV/diesel/Battery energy system with Matlab/Simulink environment. PV & Wind are the primary power sources of the system and battery is used as a backup for long run application. Here we have also compare the performance of PV/Wind/Battery connected system with PV/Wind/Diesel connected hybrid power system. The most frequently used renewable energy sources are those consisting of PV module and/or wind Turbine with/or Diesel generator, and some energy storage or backup system.
Attempting to reduce the existing electricity consumption bill, as well as the stability and non-outage grid recharge with the lowest possible cost and suitable quality, is one of the most important goals for those interested in energy around the world. This paper study the circumstances surrounding the Egyptian society to find the best solutions to a achieved this goals, and it was found that solar energy is one of the best alternatives available for energy. Firstly will be study the electricity consumption bill, slice prices and a program was made to calculate the consumption invoice moreover another program for quick estimation to the proposed solar system.The proposed system provides a smart integration between the solar system and grid, where the supply sustainability and the optimal cost are considered. This configuration allows the two sources separately or simultaneously supply the loads depending on photovoltaic extracted energy. Operational analysis of the proposed system will discussed in this paper. The proposed system consists of solar cells, charge controller, batteries and inverter plugged to automatic transfer switches (ATS) using Programmable Logic Control (PLC). The system grantee a safe and reliable load feeding independently on the grid status. The system durability is the most depicted feature through the modelling and experimentally results. A typical case studies for about four years of non-outages photovoltaic-grid hybrid supply (the implemented system) will be presented and discussed.
Control of Stand Alone PV System using Single Voltage Sensor Based MPPTijtsrd
This paper proposes to model a voltage sensor based MPPT with voltage reference control technique with a PI controller for the SEPIC converter. The PI controller will minimize the error between the reference voltage VRef generated by the MPPT controller and the panel voltage VPV . Thus, it is an adaptive solution, as if VPV is far from MPP, error will be large and so it will automatically produce large step size D and vice versa. Thus, the MPPT with voltage reference control technique with the association of PI controller can effectively improve the performance of the PV system. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. Giri Babu | A. Raja Babu ""Control of Stand Alone PV System using Single Voltage Sensor Based MPPT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29810.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29810/control-of-stand-alone-pv-system-using-single-voltage-sensor-based-mppt/giri-babu
The real problems in diminution of power quality occurs due to the rapid growth of nonlinear load are leads to sudden decrease of source voltage for a few seconds i.e sag, swell, harmonics in source and load current, voltage unbalance etc. All these problems can be compensated by using Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC) and the operation of UPQC depends upon the available voltage across capacitor present in dc link. If the capacitor voltage is maintained constant then it gives satisfactory performance. The proposed research is basically on designing of Photo Voltaic (PV) /Wind energy fed to the dc link capacitor of UPQC so as to maintain proper voltage across it and operate the UPQC for power quality analysis. The said model is simulated in Matlab and results are verified by using FFT analysis.The proposed PV/ Wind energy-UPQC is design in Matlab simulation for reduction of voltage sag, swell, interruption of voltage, harmonics in load current and compensation of active and reactive power.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
This paper describes the Grid connected solar photovoltaique system using DC-DC boost converter and the DC/AC inverter (VSC) to supplies electric power to the utility grid. The model contains a representation of the main components of the system that are two solar arrays of 100 kW, boost converter and the grid side inverter. The paper starts with a system description, in this part we have given a definition and a short overview of every component used in this system and they are taken separately. The PV cell model is easy, accurate, and takes external temperature and solar radiation into consideration. It also proposes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The algorithm incorporated in a DC/DC converter is used to track the maximum power of PV cell. Finally, the DC/AC inverter (VSC) of three- level is used to regulate the ouput voltage of DC/DC converter and connects the PV cell to the grid. Simulation results show how a solar radiation’s change can affect the power output of any PV system, also they show the control performance and dynamic behavior of the grid connected photovoltaic system.
Similar to IRJET- Modeling, Simulation and Control of a Photovoltaic Energy System with a Fuel-Cell Backup (20)
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.