This document describes an experimental investigation of thermocrete panels. Thermocrete panels are reinforced concrete sandwich panels consisting of an expanded polystyrene core sandwiched between two layers of welded wire mesh, with a concrete mix applied to the exterior surfaces. The study tested thermocrete panels for properties like flexural strength and load-deflection behavior at various ages. Results showed increasing flexural strength and stiffness with age. Thermocrete panels offer advantages over traditional concrete like lighter weight, thermal insulation, and ease of application for uses like roofs, walls, floors, and more.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of the Foam Concrete using Steel Dust as Pa...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of using steel dust as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in foam concrete. Foam concrete is a lightweight concrete with high workability that contains cement, fine aggregate, water, a foaming agent and no coarse aggregate. The study aims to utilize steel dust, an industrial waste, in foam concrete mixes to potentially improve strength while providing environmental benefits. Cubes and cylinders were cast with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacements of fine aggregate with steel dust. Compression and splitting tensile tests at 7 and 28 days showed that compressive and tensile strengths generally increased with higher steel dust content, with the 15% mix achieving the highest strengths. The results indicate steel dust can be effectively used
IRJET- Performance Evaluation of Ferro Cement Sandwich Wall Panels with D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that evaluated the structural performance of ferrocement sandwich wall panels with different infill materials (red soil and m-sand). Ferrocement wall panels measuring 1m x 1m x 0.2m were cast with different infill materials and tested under axial compressive loads. The results were analyzed in terms of ultimate load capacity, deflection, cracking patterns, cyclic loading behavior, and stiffness degradation. The m-sand infill wall panels performed better than the red soil infill panels, with the m-sand panels reaching an ultimate load of 80kN compared to 55kN for the red soil panels. The study concluded that m-sand would be a more suitable infill
IRJET- Best Mix Design of Floating Concrete using Pumice StoneIRJET Journal
This study investigated developing floating concrete using pumice stone as a lightweight aggregate. Pumice stone was used to partially replace conventional aggregates, making the concrete lighter than water so it would float. Various mix designs were tested by casting concrete cubes and slabs. The best mix design had a pumice stone to cement ratio of 1:2.3 and achieved a compressive strength of 2.3 MPa and weight carrying capacity of 5.55 kg/m2, allowing it to support solar panels. While floating concrete was more expensive than conventional concrete, it provides a solution for installing solar panels on otherwise unused water surfaces.
An Experimental Study on SIFCON using M – Sand and Partially Replacing Cement...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete (SIFCON) using manufactured sand (M-sand) and partially replacing cement with silica fume. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of SIFCON specimens containing 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% steel fibers. The results show that compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths generally increased with higher fiber content up to 8%, above which the strengths decreased due to poor bonding. Non-destructive tests found rebound number and pulse velocity were highest for 8% fiber content, confirming 8% as the optimum amount. The study demonstrates that M-sand and silica fume can be used to
A review of the effect of basalt fibre lengths and proportions on the mechani...eSAT Journals
Abstract
During the past few decades, the concrete construction field has seen a growing interest in the advantages that fibre reinforcement has to offer. Between the different types of fibres available, basalt fibre is considered a promising new material to use. It has extremely good strength characteristics and thermal resistance, high resistance to an alkaline environment, and is cheap product, making it an excellent material to reinforce concrete. In view of the significance of basalt fibres for concrete, and because different lengths and proportions of basalt fibres have an effect on the mechanical properties of concrete, it is proposed to review the effect of using different basalt fibre lengths and content on the mechanical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of concrete reviewed are compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, permeability, workability, and unit weight. This paper has for the first time reviewed the current literature related to the effect of using basalt fibres of different proportions on the mechanical properties of concrete, provided future researchers with the information and facts needed to compare their work, and identified the best basalt fibre length and content combination that demonstrates an improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete. From reviewing the literature, it was found that most authors agreed that the mechanical properties of concrete improved significantly when using basalt fibres with a length between 12mm and 24mm, and content between 0.1% - 0.5% by total volume. In this context, the length and content of basalt fibres in concrete becomes an important parameter for the mechanical properties of concrete.
Keywords: Basalt Fibres, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, Elastic Modulus, Workability, Permeability, Unit Weight.
IRJET- Enhancing the Performance of Concrete by using Nano SilicaIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of adding nano silica to reinforced concrete beams. The researchers created concrete cubes and beams with different percentages of nano silica added (0-2.5%) and tested their compressive and flexural strengths. They found that cubes and beams with 1.5-2% nano silica exhibited the highest strengths. Specifically, cubes with 1.5% nano silica showed around 37.6 MPa compressive strength, 37% higher than plain concrete. Beams with 1.5% nano silica also demonstrated around 17.6 MPa flexural strength for beams with stirrups and 21.1 MPa for beams with rebar only in the tension zone,
IRJET- Comparative Study on Properties of High Strength Cement Concrete by Pa...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that compares the properties of high-strength cement concrete when partially replacing cement with marble powder and silica fume. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0-25% replacement of cement with either marble powder or silica fume. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The workability of the mixtures was also evaluated. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with marble powder or silica fume can improve the strength and other properties of concrete.
IRJET- Techno-Economical Analysis of Gabion Retaining Wall Against Convention...IRJET Journal
This document presents a techno-economic analysis comparing gabion retaining walls to conventional retaining walls. It analyzes rubble masonry gravity walls, RCC cantilever walls, RCC counterfort walls, and gabion walls. Design parameters like height, backfill, foundation, and loads are kept constant. The designs are then compared based on required cross-section and steel. The analysis finds that gabion walls prove more economical due to using locally available materials, which makes construction faster and cheaper compared to other wall types. Key advantages of gabion walls identified are easy drainage, flexibility to tolerate differential settlement, speed of construction, ability to use waste materials, and no hydrostatic pressure buildup.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of the Foam Concrete using Steel Dust as Pa...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of using steel dust as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in foam concrete. Foam concrete is a lightweight concrete with high workability that contains cement, fine aggregate, water, a foaming agent and no coarse aggregate. The study aims to utilize steel dust, an industrial waste, in foam concrete mixes to potentially improve strength while providing environmental benefits. Cubes and cylinders were cast with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacements of fine aggregate with steel dust. Compression and splitting tensile tests at 7 and 28 days showed that compressive and tensile strengths generally increased with higher steel dust content, with the 15% mix achieving the highest strengths. The results indicate steel dust can be effectively used
IRJET- Performance Evaluation of Ferro Cement Sandwich Wall Panels with D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that evaluated the structural performance of ferrocement sandwich wall panels with different infill materials (red soil and m-sand). Ferrocement wall panels measuring 1m x 1m x 0.2m were cast with different infill materials and tested under axial compressive loads. The results were analyzed in terms of ultimate load capacity, deflection, cracking patterns, cyclic loading behavior, and stiffness degradation. The m-sand infill wall panels performed better than the red soil infill panels, with the m-sand panels reaching an ultimate load of 80kN compared to 55kN for the red soil panels. The study concluded that m-sand would be a more suitable infill
IRJET- Best Mix Design of Floating Concrete using Pumice StoneIRJET Journal
This study investigated developing floating concrete using pumice stone as a lightweight aggregate. Pumice stone was used to partially replace conventional aggregates, making the concrete lighter than water so it would float. Various mix designs were tested by casting concrete cubes and slabs. The best mix design had a pumice stone to cement ratio of 1:2.3 and achieved a compressive strength of 2.3 MPa and weight carrying capacity of 5.55 kg/m2, allowing it to support solar panels. While floating concrete was more expensive than conventional concrete, it provides a solution for installing solar panels on otherwise unused water surfaces.
An Experimental Study on SIFCON using M – Sand and Partially Replacing Cement...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete (SIFCON) using manufactured sand (M-sand) and partially replacing cement with silica fume. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of SIFCON specimens containing 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% steel fibers. The results show that compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths generally increased with higher fiber content up to 8%, above which the strengths decreased due to poor bonding. Non-destructive tests found rebound number and pulse velocity were highest for 8% fiber content, confirming 8% as the optimum amount. The study demonstrates that M-sand and silica fume can be used to
A review of the effect of basalt fibre lengths and proportions on the mechani...eSAT Journals
Abstract
During the past few decades, the concrete construction field has seen a growing interest in the advantages that fibre reinforcement has to offer. Between the different types of fibres available, basalt fibre is considered a promising new material to use. It has extremely good strength characteristics and thermal resistance, high resistance to an alkaline environment, and is cheap product, making it an excellent material to reinforce concrete. In view of the significance of basalt fibres for concrete, and because different lengths and proportions of basalt fibres have an effect on the mechanical properties of concrete, it is proposed to review the effect of using different basalt fibre lengths and content on the mechanical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of concrete reviewed are compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, permeability, workability, and unit weight. This paper has for the first time reviewed the current literature related to the effect of using basalt fibres of different proportions on the mechanical properties of concrete, provided future researchers with the information and facts needed to compare their work, and identified the best basalt fibre length and content combination that demonstrates an improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete. From reviewing the literature, it was found that most authors agreed that the mechanical properties of concrete improved significantly when using basalt fibres with a length between 12mm and 24mm, and content between 0.1% - 0.5% by total volume. In this context, the length and content of basalt fibres in concrete becomes an important parameter for the mechanical properties of concrete.
Keywords: Basalt Fibres, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, Elastic Modulus, Workability, Permeability, Unit Weight.
IRJET- Enhancing the Performance of Concrete by using Nano SilicaIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of adding nano silica to reinforced concrete beams. The researchers created concrete cubes and beams with different percentages of nano silica added (0-2.5%) and tested their compressive and flexural strengths. They found that cubes and beams with 1.5-2% nano silica exhibited the highest strengths. Specifically, cubes with 1.5% nano silica showed around 37.6 MPa compressive strength, 37% higher than plain concrete. Beams with 1.5% nano silica also demonstrated around 17.6 MPa flexural strength for beams with stirrups and 21.1 MPa for beams with rebar only in the tension zone,
IRJET- Comparative Study on Properties of High Strength Cement Concrete by Pa...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that compares the properties of high-strength cement concrete when partially replacing cement with marble powder and silica fume. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0-25% replacement of cement with either marble powder or silica fume. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The workability of the mixtures was also evaluated. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with marble powder or silica fume can improve the strength and other properties of concrete.
IRJET- Techno-Economical Analysis of Gabion Retaining Wall Against Convention...IRJET Journal
This document presents a techno-economic analysis comparing gabion retaining walls to conventional retaining walls. It analyzes rubble masonry gravity walls, RCC cantilever walls, RCC counterfort walls, and gabion walls. Design parameters like height, backfill, foundation, and loads are kept constant. The designs are then compared based on required cross-section and steel. The analysis finds that gabion walls prove more economical due to using locally available materials, which makes construction faster and cheaper compared to other wall types. Key advantages of gabion walls identified are easy drainage, flexibility to tolerate differential settlement, speed of construction, ability to use waste materials, and no hydrostatic pressure buildup.
This document discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), which is a type of concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without any external vibration. SCC has advantages over traditional vibrated concrete such as easier placement in complex forms, reduced noise pollution, and improved surface finish. The key properties of SCC include high flowability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. These properties are achieved through optimizing the mix design, including using a high range of superplasticizer, limiting coarse aggregate content, increasing fine particles and viscosity modifying agents. SCC has applications in structures with dense reinforcement like the Burj Khalifa where it simplified construction. The document also discusses experimental investigations into the compressive strength of SCC exposed to
This document summarizes an experimental study on geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that has lower environmental impact. It uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag as its binding materials rather than Portland cement. The study explored how geopolymer concrete performs compared to ordinary concrete. It investigated the effects of different mixtures on the properties of geopolymer concrete, such as strength and durability. The results showed that geopolymer concrete has higher resistance to damage than standard concrete and allows waste materials like fly ash to be recycled instead of disposed in landfills.
This document discusses cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), including its production process and properties. CLC is produced by mixing cement, fly ash, water and a stable foam to create lightweight, insulating concrete blocks. The production process involves preparing molds, mixing foam, charging the mixer with cement/fly ash and foam, pouring the mixture into molds, curing, and assembling blocks. Test results show that after 21 days, CLC blocks made with a protein-based foam had a compressive strength 8.96 N/mm2, higher than conventional clay bricks. CLC blocks use waste fly ash, are lighter than clay bricks, and can replace them in construction as a more sustainable building material. Rat-trap bonding is
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites Rebar Steven Tyler
Mission - Promote the use and growth of FRP reinforcement (rebar, tendons & grids) in concrete and masonry applications through development of quality procedures, industry specifications, performance standards, and field application guidelines.
http://www.bpcomposites.com/
This document discusses engineered cementitious composites (ECC). It describes the procedure for designing an ECC mix based on micromechanical principles. The mix uses Portland cement, fly ash, and 2% polyvinyl alcohol fibers by volume. Experiments compared standard and non-standard ECC mixes using different aggregates. The non-standard mix using lumajang sand had slightly lower density and tensile strength than the standard mix using silica sand. Both ECC mixes exhibited strain hardening behavior and tensile strengths over 3% strain, indicating ECC is more ductile than conventional concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engineering Properties of Hollow Concret...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the engineering properties of hollow concrete blocks reinforced with basalt fibre. Basalt fibre is added to hollow concrete blocks in amounts of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume of cement to study its effect on compressive strength. Testing shows that with increased basalt fibre content, the compressive strength and density of the hollow blocks increases while water absorption decreases, with the 1.5% fibre content blocks performing best. The aim is to reduce cracking in hollow concrete block walls through the addition of basalt fibre.
Comparison of Performance of Non Metallic Fibre Reinforced Concrete and Plain...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of non-metallic fibre reinforced concrete and plain cement concrete. Synthetic fibres made of polypropylene and polyester were added to concrete mixes to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength over curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The test results showed that both polypropylene and polyester fibre concretes exhibited higher strengths than the plain concrete at all curing periods. The polyester fibre concrete generally achieved the highest strengths of the three concrete types tested.
Module on fibre reinforced and foam concreteErankajKumar
This document discusses fibre reinforced concrete and foam concrete. It defines fibre reinforced concrete as a composite material consisting of fibres mixed into cement, mortar or concrete to increase structural integrity. Various fibre types are described, including steel, polypropylene, glass, polyester, carbon and natural fibres. Applications of fibre reinforced concrete include pavements, tunnels, dams and bridges. Foam concrete is defined as a lightweight concrete containing cement, water and a foaming agent with no large aggregates. It has advantages like lightweight, thermal insulation, self-leveling properties and fire resistance. Foam concrete is used in construction of walls, floors, pipes and as backfill material.
1. The document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, foam concrete, self-compacting concrete, vacuum concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, ferrocement, ready mix concrete, slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), and shotcrete.
2. Lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates like shale, clay, or slate to reduce density while maintaining strength. Foam concrete is made by injecting air or gas into the mix to create a cellular structure.
3. Self-compacting concrete can be placed without vibration due to its fluidity. Vacuum concrete has water removed using vacuum mats to increase strength.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Engineered Cementious CompositeIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on engineered cementitious composite (ECC). ECC is a type of ultra-ductile fiber reinforced concrete characterized by high ductility and tight crack control. It is made from similar ingredients as normal concrete but with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and a superplasticizer. The document discusses the ingredients and mixing process of ECC. It then summarizes the results of compressive and flexural strength tests on ECC and normal concrete cubes and slabs. The results show that the ECC achieved higher strengths compared to normal concrete due to the addition of fibers, and also exhibited greater ductility. The document concludes that ECC is more durable and flexible than normal concrete making it suitable for seismic regions.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON STRENGTH AND SCC CHARACTERISTICS OF BASALT FIBER REIN...IAEME Publication
The document presents results from an experimental study on the strength and self-compacting concrete (SCC) characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete. Fresh concrete tests were conducted to determine slump flow, V-funnel, U-box, and L-box values for mixes with 0-2% basalt fiber content. Compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength tests on cubes and cylinders showed increases in strength with fiber addition. The 28-day compressive strength ranged from 25-32 MPa. Addition of up to 2% basalt fiber increased 7-day compressive strength by 13-69% and 28-day splitting tensile strength by 5-50% compared to a reference mix. The
This document is a term report on composite materials submitted by two students. It provides an introduction to composite materials, discussing that they are made of two or more materials that retain their properties but combine to produce an overall material with different properties. It then discusses why composites are used, their key characteristics, and various applications such as in aircraft, transportation, construction, sports equipment, and more. It provides examples of uses in specific industries like aerospace, automotive, infrastructure, and others. In the conclusion it lists several references used in compiling the report.
IRJET-Study on Strength Properties of SifconIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SIFCON). SIFCON is a type of fiber concrete with a high fiber content (5-20% by volume) that provides high strength and ductility. The study investigated different mix proportions of SIFCON by varying the steel fiber content from 6-12% by volume. Testing showed that compressive, tensile, and flexural strength increased with higher fiber content. The 12% fiber mix achieved a 36% increase in compressive strength over conventional concrete. Based on strength and economy, 12% fiber content was found to be optimal for SIFCON. The document concludes that SIFCON is a
Study of the efficiency of stone columns in soft clay considering the effect ...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the efficiency of stone columns in soft clay soils considering the effect of clay minerals. Laboratory tests were conducted on 3 different clay soils from Iraq that varied in their clay mineral composition. Stone columns were installed in triangular patterns in steel containers filled with the soils. Tests measured the bearing improvement ratio and settlement reduction ratio of soils treated with increasing numbers of stone columns (1, 2, and 4 columns). Results showed that soils with high montmorillonite and low kaolin responded better to stone column treatment than soils with low montmorillonite and high kaolin. The efficiency of stone columns depends on the type and amount of clay minerals in the treated soil.
Building Materials assignment 1 (Concrete)Syafiq Zariful
This document provides information on five types of building materials: ferrocement, fiber reinforced concrete, gypsum concrete, stamped concrete, and translucent concrete. It discusses the constituents, properties, advantages, disadvantages and applications of each material. Ferrocement is a reinforced cement mortar with wire mesh. It has high tensile strength and is lightweight but labor intensive. Fiber reinforced concrete includes fibers to increase toughness. Gypsum concrete uses gypsum as a binder and is used for partitions and ceilings. Stamped concrete is colored and textured to resemble other materials. Translucent concrete allows light transmission and is used for ceilings and facades.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by the Additio...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effects of adding polypropylene fibers on the properties of concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were made with polypropylene fiber contents ranging from 0% to 2% and tested at 7 and 28 days. The following conclusions were drawn:
1. Compressive and tensile strengths increased with higher polypropylene fiber content, with the maximum strengths achieved at 2% fiber content.
2. Split tensile strengths also increased with fiber content, improving by up to 22% with 2% polypropylene fibers compared to plain concrete.
3. The results indicate that polypropylene fibers can improve the mechanical properties of concrete, with strengths increasing with higher fiber dosage
IRJET- Replacement of Steel with Bamboo as ReinforcementIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing steel reinforcement with bamboo in concrete construction to reduce costs and environmental impact. It summarizes the results of tests on bamboo and steel reinforced concrete beams. The tests found that bamboo reinforcement has lower tensile and shear strengths than steel but can still carry the loads required for structures like roof slabs and parking areas. Using bamboo instead of steel offers cost savings potential and environmental benefits as bamboo is a renewable material. The document concludes that bamboo is a viable alternative to steel reinforcement for certain low-load structural applications.
IRJET- Utilization of Various Industrial Waste Materials as Filler in Aerated...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of various industrial waste materials as fillers in aerated concrete. Aerated concrete, or foam concrete, is a lightweight concrete made by mixing cement, sand, and an aerating agent that creates air pockets. Using industrial wastes as partial replacements for fine aggregates can further reduce the density of aerated concrete while providing strength benefits and reducing non-recyclable waste. The document discusses the production of aerated concrete and examines literature on using waste materials like quarry dust, rubber crumbs, and plastic granules in aerated concrete mixes. Strength testing shows these materials can improve compressive strength when used as partial substitutes for fine aggregates.
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Ductile Behavior of Ferrocement SlabIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the ductile behavior of ferrocement slabs. Ferrocement slabs with different wire mesh spacings (2.5mm, 5mm, 7.5mm) and one with chicken wire mesh were tested. The slabs were 1.2m x 0.45m x 2.5cm in size and made with a 1:3 cement mortar mix. The slabs were tested in a loading frame and their load-deflection behaviors were recorded. The slab with chicken wire mesh showed the highest ultimate load of 3.6kN and breaking load of 4.5kN, indicating it had the highest strength. In general, the strength
Effect Of Polydisperse Cementitious Polymer Based Waterproof Coated Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the effect of hybrid fibers, including poly-disperse cementitious polymer based waterproof coated steel fibers and polypropylene fibers, on the mechanical properties of concrete. Steel fibers were coated with styrene butadiene rubber to provide corrosion resistance. Various concrete mixtures with variations in the percentage of steel and polypropylene fibers were tested. The study found that hybrid fibers improved the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete compared to non-fiber concrete. The waterproof coating on the steel fibers helped boost the structure's energy absorption capacity and resistance to chemical attacks.
IRJET- Characteristic Strength of Polymer Impregnated ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on improving the strength and durability of concrete by impregnating it with epoxy resin. Conventional concrete specimens and epoxy impregnated concrete specimens were tested under compression, flexure, and splitting tension at 28 days. Test results showed the impregnated concrete had significantly higher strengths - compressive strength was 32.8-33.1 MPa compared to 27.8-27.9 MPa for conventional concrete, flexural strength was 13.7-14.25 MPa compared to 8.25-8.75 MPa, and splitting tensile strength was 3.81-3.96 MPa compared to 2.78-2.91 MPa. The
This document discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), which is a type of concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without any external vibration. SCC has advantages over traditional vibrated concrete such as easier placement in complex forms, reduced noise pollution, and improved surface finish. The key properties of SCC include high flowability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. These properties are achieved through optimizing the mix design, including using a high range of superplasticizer, limiting coarse aggregate content, increasing fine particles and viscosity modifying agents. SCC has applications in structures with dense reinforcement like the Burj Khalifa where it simplified construction. The document also discusses experimental investigations into the compressive strength of SCC exposed to
This document summarizes an experimental study on geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that has lower environmental impact. It uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag as its binding materials rather than Portland cement. The study explored how geopolymer concrete performs compared to ordinary concrete. It investigated the effects of different mixtures on the properties of geopolymer concrete, such as strength and durability. The results showed that geopolymer concrete has higher resistance to damage than standard concrete and allows waste materials like fly ash to be recycled instead of disposed in landfills.
This document discusses cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), including its production process and properties. CLC is produced by mixing cement, fly ash, water and a stable foam to create lightweight, insulating concrete blocks. The production process involves preparing molds, mixing foam, charging the mixer with cement/fly ash and foam, pouring the mixture into molds, curing, and assembling blocks. Test results show that after 21 days, CLC blocks made with a protein-based foam had a compressive strength 8.96 N/mm2, higher than conventional clay bricks. CLC blocks use waste fly ash, are lighter than clay bricks, and can replace them in construction as a more sustainable building material. Rat-trap bonding is
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites Rebar Steven Tyler
Mission - Promote the use and growth of FRP reinforcement (rebar, tendons & grids) in concrete and masonry applications through development of quality procedures, industry specifications, performance standards, and field application guidelines.
http://www.bpcomposites.com/
This document discusses engineered cementitious composites (ECC). It describes the procedure for designing an ECC mix based on micromechanical principles. The mix uses Portland cement, fly ash, and 2% polyvinyl alcohol fibers by volume. Experiments compared standard and non-standard ECC mixes using different aggregates. The non-standard mix using lumajang sand had slightly lower density and tensile strength than the standard mix using silica sand. Both ECC mixes exhibited strain hardening behavior and tensile strengths over 3% strain, indicating ECC is more ductile than conventional concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engineering Properties of Hollow Concret...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the engineering properties of hollow concrete blocks reinforced with basalt fibre. Basalt fibre is added to hollow concrete blocks in amounts of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume of cement to study its effect on compressive strength. Testing shows that with increased basalt fibre content, the compressive strength and density of the hollow blocks increases while water absorption decreases, with the 1.5% fibre content blocks performing best. The aim is to reduce cracking in hollow concrete block walls through the addition of basalt fibre.
Comparison of Performance of Non Metallic Fibre Reinforced Concrete and Plain...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of non-metallic fibre reinforced concrete and plain cement concrete. Synthetic fibres made of polypropylene and polyester were added to concrete mixes to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength over curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The test results showed that both polypropylene and polyester fibre concretes exhibited higher strengths than the plain concrete at all curing periods. The polyester fibre concrete generally achieved the highest strengths of the three concrete types tested.
Module on fibre reinforced and foam concreteErankajKumar
This document discusses fibre reinforced concrete and foam concrete. It defines fibre reinforced concrete as a composite material consisting of fibres mixed into cement, mortar or concrete to increase structural integrity. Various fibre types are described, including steel, polypropylene, glass, polyester, carbon and natural fibres. Applications of fibre reinforced concrete include pavements, tunnels, dams and bridges. Foam concrete is defined as a lightweight concrete containing cement, water and a foaming agent with no large aggregates. It has advantages like lightweight, thermal insulation, self-leveling properties and fire resistance. Foam concrete is used in construction of walls, floors, pipes and as backfill material.
1. The document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, foam concrete, self-compacting concrete, vacuum concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, ferrocement, ready mix concrete, slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), and shotcrete.
2. Lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates like shale, clay, or slate to reduce density while maintaining strength. Foam concrete is made by injecting air or gas into the mix to create a cellular structure.
3. Self-compacting concrete can be placed without vibration due to its fluidity. Vacuum concrete has water removed using vacuum mats to increase strength.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Engineered Cementious CompositeIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on engineered cementitious composite (ECC). ECC is a type of ultra-ductile fiber reinforced concrete characterized by high ductility and tight crack control. It is made from similar ingredients as normal concrete but with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and a superplasticizer. The document discusses the ingredients and mixing process of ECC. It then summarizes the results of compressive and flexural strength tests on ECC and normal concrete cubes and slabs. The results show that the ECC achieved higher strengths compared to normal concrete due to the addition of fibers, and also exhibited greater ductility. The document concludes that ECC is more durable and flexible than normal concrete making it suitable for seismic regions.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON STRENGTH AND SCC CHARACTERISTICS OF BASALT FIBER REIN...IAEME Publication
The document presents results from an experimental study on the strength and self-compacting concrete (SCC) characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete. Fresh concrete tests were conducted to determine slump flow, V-funnel, U-box, and L-box values for mixes with 0-2% basalt fiber content. Compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength tests on cubes and cylinders showed increases in strength with fiber addition. The 28-day compressive strength ranged from 25-32 MPa. Addition of up to 2% basalt fiber increased 7-day compressive strength by 13-69% and 28-day splitting tensile strength by 5-50% compared to a reference mix. The
This document is a term report on composite materials submitted by two students. It provides an introduction to composite materials, discussing that they are made of two or more materials that retain their properties but combine to produce an overall material with different properties. It then discusses why composites are used, their key characteristics, and various applications such as in aircraft, transportation, construction, sports equipment, and more. It provides examples of uses in specific industries like aerospace, automotive, infrastructure, and others. In the conclusion it lists several references used in compiling the report.
IRJET-Study on Strength Properties of SifconIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SIFCON). SIFCON is a type of fiber concrete with a high fiber content (5-20% by volume) that provides high strength and ductility. The study investigated different mix proportions of SIFCON by varying the steel fiber content from 6-12% by volume. Testing showed that compressive, tensile, and flexural strength increased with higher fiber content. The 12% fiber mix achieved a 36% increase in compressive strength over conventional concrete. Based on strength and economy, 12% fiber content was found to be optimal for SIFCON. The document concludes that SIFCON is a
Study of the efficiency of stone columns in soft clay considering the effect ...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the efficiency of stone columns in soft clay soils considering the effect of clay minerals. Laboratory tests were conducted on 3 different clay soils from Iraq that varied in their clay mineral composition. Stone columns were installed in triangular patterns in steel containers filled with the soils. Tests measured the bearing improvement ratio and settlement reduction ratio of soils treated with increasing numbers of stone columns (1, 2, and 4 columns). Results showed that soils with high montmorillonite and low kaolin responded better to stone column treatment than soils with low montmorillonite and high kaolin. The efficiency of stone columns depends on the type and amount of clay minerals in the treated soil.
Building Materials assignment 1 (Concrete)Syafiq Zariful
This document provides information on five types of building materials: ferrocement, fiber reinforced concrete, gypsum concrete, stamped concrete, and translucent concrete. It discusses the constituents, properties, advantages, disadvantages and applications of each material. Ferrocement is a reinforced cement mortar with wire mesh. It has high tensile strength and is lightweight but labor intensive. Fiber reinforced concrete includes fibers to increase toughness. Gypsum concrete uses gypsum as a binder and is used for partitions and ceilings. Stamped concrete is colored and textured to resemble other materials. Translucent concrete allows light transmission and is used for ceilings and facades.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by the Additio...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effects of adding polypropylene fibers on the properties of concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were made with polypropylene fiber contents ranging from 0% to 2% and tested at 7 and 28 days. The following conclusions were drawn:
1. Compressive and tensile strengths increased with higher polypropylene fiber content, with the maximum strengths achieved at 2% fiber content.
2. Split tensile strengths also increased with fiber content, improving by up to 22% with 2% polypropylene fibers compared to plain concrete.
3. The results indicate that polypropylene fibers can improve the mechanical properties of concrete, with strengths increasing with higher fiber dosage
IRJET- Replacement of Steel with Bamboo as ReinforcementIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing steel reinforcement with bamboo in concrete construction to reduce costs and environmental impact. It summarizes the results of tests on bamboo and steel reinforced concrete beams. The tests found that bamboo reinforcement has lower tensile and shear strengths than steel but can still carry the loads required for structures like roof slabs and parking areas. Using bamboo instead of steel offers cost savings potential and environmental benefits as bamboo is a renewable material. The document concludes that bamboo is a viable alternative to steel reinforcement for certain low-load structural applications.
IRJET- Utilization of Various Industrial Waste Materials as Filler in Aerated...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of various industrial waste materials as fillers in aerated concrete. Aerated concrete, or foam concrete, is a lightweight concrete made by mixing cement, sand, and an aerating agent that creates air pockets. Using industrial wastes as partial replacements for fine aggregates can further reduce the density of aerated concrete while providing strength benefits and reducing non-recyclable waste. The document discusses the production of aerated concrete and examines literature on using waste materials like quarry dust, rubber crumbs, and plastic granules in aerated concrete mixes. Strength testing shows these materials can improve compressive strength when used as partial substitutes for fine aggregates.
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Ductile Behavior of Ferrocement SlabIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the ductile behavior of ferrocement slabs. Ferrocement slabs with different wire mesh spacings (2.5mm, 5mm, 7.5mm) and one with chicken wire mesh were tested. The slabs were 1.2m x 0.45m x 2.5cm in size and made with a 1:3 cement mortar mix. The slabs were tested in a loading frame and their load-deflection behaviors were recorded. The slab with chicken wire mesh showed the highest ultimate load of 3.6kN and breaking load of 4.5kN, indicating it had the highest strength. In general, the strength
Effect Of Polydisperse Cementitious Polymer Based Waterproof Coated Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the effect of hybrid fibers, including poly-disperse cementitious polymer based waterproof coated steel fibers and polypropylene fibers, on the mechanical properties of concrete. Steel fibers were coated with styrene butadiene rubber to provide corrosion resistance. Various concrete mixtures with variations in the percentage of steel and polypropylene fibers were tested. The study found that hybrid fibers improved the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete compared to non-fiber concrete. The waterproof coating on the steel fibers helped boost the structure's energy absorption capacity and resistance to chemical attacks.
IRJET- Characteristic Strength of Polymer Impregnated ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on improving the strength and durability of concrete by impregnating it with epoxy resin. Conventional concrete specimens and epoxy impregnated concrete specimens were tested under compression, flexure, and splitting tension at 28 days. Test results showed the impregnated concrete had significantly higher strengths - compressive strength was 32.8-33.1 MPa compared to 27.8-27.9 MPa for conventional concrete, flexural strength was 13.7-14.25 MPa compared to 8.25-8.75 MPa, and splitting tensile strength was 3.81-3.96 MPa compared to 2.78-2.91 MPa. The
IRJET- Ultra High Performance Concrete on BridgesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in bridge construction. UHPC is made with Portland cement, silica fume, steel fibers, and other admixtures. It achieves higher compressive and tensile strengths than conventional concrete through its dense microstructure. The document presents a mix design for UHPC using locally available materials and tests strengths at various curing periods. Results show that a mix with 7.5% steel fiber content achieved the highest compressive and tensile strengths of 52.7 MPa and 8.2 N/mm2 respectively. UHPC requires fewer reinforcement materials and is more economical than conventional concrete for bridge construction.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 0N FLOATING CONCRETE USING LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATESIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on producing floating concrete using lightweight aggregates. Pumice stone and scoria powder were used to partially replace normal coarse and fine aggregates. Concrete mixtures with varying replacement percentages were tested. Results showed that replacing up to 20% of aggregates increased the compressive strength of the floating concrete. Using these lightweight aggregates produced concrete with lower density, reducing the self-weight of structures. The study concluded that floating concrete made in this way can help reduce environmental impacts in construction.
This study investigates the ductility behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams strengthened with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates. Five beams were cast for testing: four beams with different volumes of steel fibers (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) with and without GFRP laminates, and one conventional beam wrapped with GFRP. Preliminary material tests on cubes and cylinders were conducted to determine the best steel fiber proportion. The beams were then tested under loading to generate load-deflection, load-strain, and moment-curvature graphs. The results showed that higher volumes of steel fibers improved ductility performance, and beams with externally bonded GFRP laminates exhibited greater ductility than conventional beams
IRJET- Effect of Silica Fume Ash and GRF on the Strength and Durability Prope...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the strength and durability properties of concrete with the addition of silica fume ash and glass reinforced fiber. Three mix designs were tested with varying percentages of cement, silica fume ash, and glass reinforced fiber. Tests were performed to determine the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, rapid chloride permeability, and water absorption of the concrete mixes. The results showed that the mix with 70% cement, 20% silica fume ash, and 10% glass reinforced fiber (C70S20G10) had the highest compressive strength and lowest rapid chloride permeability, indicating improved strength and durability.
An Experimental Study of Flexural Strength of Concrete Beam Reinforced with F...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally tested the flexural strength of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) grids. Beams of four concrete grades (M35, M30, M25, M20) with dimensions of 150mmx150mmx700mm were cast and tested under two-point bending. FRP grids of two lengths (500mm and 600mm) and 2.5cm thickness were placed in the tensile zone of the beams as reinforcement. Testing found that beams with FRP grids had significantly higher flexural strength compared to plain concrete beams, with an increase of 426% for M35 grade concrete. The results indicate that FRP grids can effectively enhance the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash Cenospheres in Cement C...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into partially replacing cement with fly ash cenospheres in concrete. Experimental tests were conducted replacing cement at levels of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by mass. Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength tests were performed on samples cured for 7 and 28 days. The results showed that replacing 8% of cement with cenospheres improved compressive strength by 11.69%, split tensile strength by 26.2%, and flexural strength by 33.73% compared to normal concrete. Replacing more than 8% of cement reduced strengths below design limits. Thus, the optimum replacement of cement with cenospheres was determined to be 8%
Non structural Light weight concrete using combined mix of expanded polystyre...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on producing lightweight concrete using a combination of expanded polystyrene beads and expanded clay aggregates. The study aims to develop an optimized mix design for M20 grade lightweight concrete. Various mixes were produced by replacing coarse aggregates with different percentages of expanded clay aggregates and polystyrene beads. The mixes were then tested to evaluate properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The results showed that using fly ash and GGBS reduced water demand and shrinkage but also reduced compressive strength by 25-50%. In general, the lightweight concrete produced had a density less than 1800kg/m3 and compressive strengths up to 36.19MPa, making it a viable material for construction
Experimental Investigation on Composite Slab using Cold Formed Steel Sheet in...ijtsrd
1. The study experimentally investigates the load carrying capacity of composite slabs made with cold formed steel sheets and different types of concrete.
2. Three geometric profile shapes of steel decking were tested: trapezoidal, rectangular, and holorib. Concretes tested included reinforced cement concrete, foam concrete, and fiber reinforced concrete.
3. Test results showed that composite slabs with rectangular profile steel sheets without embossments had the highest load carrying capacity. Rectangular profiled slabs also performed better than trapezoidal or re-entrant profiled slabs. Lightweight concrete with expanded clay aggregates performed similarly to normal concrete.
Glass fibre reinforced concrete was studied by adding varying percentages of glass fibre to concrete mixes with grades of M25 and M40. Compressive strength tests were performed at 7 and 28 days. The maximum compressive strength was achieved with 0.20% glass fibre added to M40 grade concrete. In general, the addition of glass fibre increased the compressive strength of both grades of concrete compared to the plain concrete mixes without fibre. The study showed that glass fibre reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of concrete.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Deflection of Fiber Reinforced and Non-Fiber Rein...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the deflection of fiber reinforced concrete beams and non-fiber reinforced concrete beams. The study tested four types of beams: steel fiber reinforced concrete beams, glass fiber reinforced concrete beams, hybrid fiber reinforced concrete beams containing both steel and glass fibers, and non-fiber reinforced concrete beams. The results showed that the steel fiber reinforced concrete beams exhibited the best performance in terms of lower deflection and higher compressive strength compared to the other beam types. The document provides details on the materials, mix designs, and testing methodology used in the study.
PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE- A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using lightweight aggregates to produce lightweight concrete as a more sustainable alternative to normal concrete. It discusses how lightweight concrete can be produced using natural or man-made lightweight aggregates, or by adding chemicals to create air voids. Some key advantages of lightweight concrete mentioned include reduced dead weight, transportation and lifting costs, and improved thermal and sound insulation properties. Several studies are then summarized that investigated properties of lightweight concrete made with various industrial byproducts like fly ash and glass fibers as aggregates. These studies found that initial water curing affected compressive strength, and that lightweight concrete made in this way met structural requirements while having benefits like higher workability and lower density compared to normal concrete.
IRJET- Study of Square Concrete Column Behavior Confined with CFRP SheetsIRJET Journal
This study investigated the behavior of square concrete columns confined with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. 30 column specimens were tested including plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and CFRP-confined columns of different concrete grades (M20, M30, M40) and CFRP layer configurations (1-3 layers). Results showed that:
1) Load capacity increased up to two CFRP layers then decreased for three layers while ductility continuously increased up to three layers.
2) Toughness index increased with concrete grade and number of CFRP layers.
3) Stiffness increased for CFRP-confined columns compared to plain and reinforced concrete columns.
IRJET- Analytical Study of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Bubble Deck SlabIRJET Journal
This document analyzes bubble deck slabs made with high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFA) and plastic balls to reduce weight. Four slab models were analyzed: one without balls, one with 16 evenly distributed balls, one with alternating horizontal rows of 8 balls, and one with alternating diagonal rows of 8 balls. Finite element analysis was conducted in ANSYS Workbench. Results showed the load capacity was comparable to traditional slabs, with up to a 10.6% reduction for some ball arrangements. Stresses and deformations increased with ball inclusion but were still within acceptable ranges. The study demonstrated bubble deck slabs can achieve strength comparable to reinforced concrete slabs while reducing weight and cement usage.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Reinforced Concrete Containing GGBFSIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on reinforced concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a cement replacement. Beams made of M40 grade concrete with 30% and 40% GGBFS replacement were tested under flexure. The study evaluated the performance of plain concrete and reinforced concrete beams with different reinforcement ratios. The concrete mixtures had water-cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.40. Beams were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and durability at ages of 28 and 56 days. Test results are presented and discussed. The study aimed to assess how GGBFS affects the behavior and properties of reinforced concrete beams.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF MINERAL ADMIXTURE ON CONFINEMENT OF SHORT ...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of mineral admixtures and ferro mesh confinement on short concrete columns. Three sets of circular reinforced concrete columns with different mix designs and confinement techniques were tested under axial compression loading. The key findings are:
1) Columns with reinforcement wrapped in ferro mesh showed improved load carrying capacity, stiffness and ductility compared to columns without ferro mesh confinement.
2) Columns cast with a mix of 70% ordinary Portland cement and 30% ground granulated blast furnace slag exhibited higher strength and smaller deformations compared to a plain concrete mix.
3) The use of ferro mesh confinement and mineral admixtures in the concrete mix can change the failure mode of columns
IRJET- Comparative Study on Axial Loading Conditions and Effect of Mineral Fi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the effect of mineral filler content on the tensile properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites made from woven fabric and chopped strand mat (CSM) fibers. Samples were prepared with epoxy resin and varying amounts (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%) of calcium inosilicate powder filler using hand layup. Tensile testing found that woven fiber composites with 1% filler exhibited the highest strength and stiffness. CSM composites showed increased strength with higher (7%) filler content. In general, woven fiber composites performed better than CSM composites under tensile loading. The study demonstrates that mineral filler can improve mechanical properties of GFRP composites
IRJET- Literature Review of Polypropylene Fiber in M-50 Grade of Concrete in ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on using polypropylene fibers in M-50 grade concrete in different proportions. The review found that adding polypropylene fibers increased the concrete's shear strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance while reducing drying shrinkage and settlement without significantly impacting compressive strength. A testing program evaluated the compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of concrete specimens made with different polypropylene fiber proportions. The optimum fiber content was found to be between 0.5-1.5% by volume.
Similar to IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Thermocrete Panel (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.