The document summarizes a study of the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction between ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide. Experiments were conducted at different temperatures to determine the reaction order, rate constants, and activation energy. The maximum conversion of sodium hydroxide was 96% at 36°C. The reaction was found to be second order with respect to sodium hydroxide. The activation energy was calculated to be 16.20 kcal/mol using the Arrhenius equation. Thermodynamic properties including the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and equilibrium constant were also calculated.
The presentation gives the basic information regarding the extraction in food matrix. It includes basics of extraction, principles of extraction and the theory behind the solvent extraction. It also involves terms and terminologies involved in the extraction process, Factors affecting extraction efficiency and Types of Extractors. Mixer-Settlers for extraction, Spray extraction towers, Plate towers contactors, etc.
Episode 43 : DESIGN of Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter
Theory of Separation
Rotary vacuum drum filter (RVDF) is one of the oldest filters used in the industrial liquid-solids separation .A rotary vacuum filter consists of a large rotating drum covered by a cloth. The drum is partially immersed in liquid/solids slurry with approximately up to (25-75) % of the screen area.
As the drum rotates into and out of the trough, the slurry is sucked on the surface of the cloth and rotated out of the liquid/solids suspension as a cake. When the cake is rotating out, it is dewatered in the drying zone. The cake is dry because the vacuum drum is continuously sucking the cake and taking the water out of it. At the final step of the separation, the cake is discharged as solids products and the drum rotates continuously to another separation cycle.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
KMPS expertise in chemical process design, particularly the design of deep vacuum distillation systems processing thermally sensitive products has made KMPS a leader in the Biodiesel Purification Industry. Our expertise includes the development of process simulation models, design of low pressure drop heat exchangers and distillation column internals, selection of vacuum systems, process control strategies and the detailed design and construction of fully integrated modular purification and recovery systems.
KMPS has performed extensive proof of concept pilot testing. These tests, performed at our Houston, Texas Pilot Plant development facility, are based upon actual feedstocks provided by our clients. Please refer to the following Process Flow Diagram summarizing KMPS’ areas of biodiesel expertise.
Episode 62 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
Many chemical reactions are irreversible and occur in one direction only, namely forward
Reversible reactions occur in both directions i.e. forward and backward
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Current advancement in different gas liquid operationsSunny Chauhan
CURRENT ADVANCEMENT IN DIFFERENT GAS-LIQUID OPERATIONS,Gas Liquid operation equipment
,Extractive distillation
,Advances in Gas Absorption,High efficiency venturi scrubber
,Advances in Diffusion
,Advances in Stirred Tanks
,Advances in Distillation
,Advances in Venturi Scrubber
Effect of Operating Conditions on CSTR performance: an Experimental StudyIJERA Editor
In this work, Saponification reaction of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide is studied experimentally in a continuous stirred tank reactor at 1 atmospheric pressure. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of operating conditions on the conversion and specific rate constant. The parameters considered for analysis are temperature, feed flow rate, residence time, volume of reactor and stirrer rate. The steady state conversion of 0.45 achieved after a period of 30 minutes. Conversion decreases with increase of reactant flow rate due to decrease of residence time. The stirrer rate has a positive effect on the conversion and rate constant. Specific rate constant and conversion increase with temperature within the studied temperature range. Within the range of reactor volume selected for analysis, conversion increases with increase in reactor volume. The results obtained in this study may be helpful in maximizing the conversion of ethyl acetate saponification reaction at industrial scale in a CSTR.
The presentation gives the basic information regarding the extraction in food matrix. It includes basics of extraction, principles of extraction and the theory behind the solvent extraction. It also involves terms and terminologies involved in the extraction process, Factors affecting extraction efficiency and Types of Extractors. Mixer-Settlers for extraction, Spray extraction towers, Plate towers contactors, etc.
Episode 43 : DESIGN of Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter
Theory of Separation
Rotary vacuum drum filter (RVDF) is one of the oldest filters used in the industrial liquid-solids separation .A rotary vacuum filter consists of a large rotating drum covered by a cloth. The drum is partially immersed in liquid/solids slurry with approximately up to (25-75) % of the screen area.
As the drum rotates into and out of the trough, the slurry is sucked on the surface of the cloth and rotated out of the liquid/solids suspension as a cake. When the cake is rotating out, it is dewatered in the drying zone. The cake is dry because the vacuum drum is continuously sucking the cake and taking the water out of it. At the final step of the separation, the cake is discharged as solids products and the drum rotates continuously to another separation cycle.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
KMPS expertise in chemical process design, particularly the design of deep vacuum distillation systems processing thermally sensitive products has made KMPS a leader in the Biodiesel Purification Industry. Our expertise includes the development of process simulation models, design of low pressure drop heat exchangers and distillation column internals, selection of vacuum systems, process control strategies and the detailed design and construction of fully integrated modular purification and recovery systems.
KMPS has performed extensive proof of concept pilot testing. These tests, performed at our Houston, Texas Pilot Plant development facility, are based upon actual feedstocks provided by our clients. Please refer to the following Process Flow Diagram summarizing KMPS’ areas of biodiesel expertise.
Episode 62 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
Many chemical reactions are irreversible and occur in one direction only, namely forward
Reversible reactions occur in both directions i.e. forward and backward
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Current advancement in different gas liquid operationsSunny Chauhan
CURRENT ADVANCEMENT IN DIFFERENT GAS-LIQUID OPERATIONS,Gas Liquid operation equipment
,Extractive distillation
,Advances in Gas Absorption,High efficiency venturi scrubber
,Advances in Diffusion
,Advances in Stirred Tanks
,Advances in Distillation
,Advances in Venturi Scrubber
Effect of Operating Conditions on CSTR performance: an Experimental StudyIJERA Editor
In this work, Saponification reaction of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide is studied experimentally in a continuous stirred tank reactor at 1 atmospheric pressure. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of operating conditions on the conversion and specific rate constant. The parameters considered for analysis are temperature, feed flow rate, residence time, volume of reactor and stirrer rate. The steady state conversion of 0.45 achieved after a period of 30 minutes. Conversion decreases with increase of reactant flow rate due to decrease of residence time. The stirrer rate has a positive effect on the conversion and rate constant. Specific rate constant and conversion increase with temperature within the studied temperature range. Within the range of reactor volume selected for analysis, conversion increases with increase in reactor volume. The results obtained in this study may be helpful in maximizing the conversion of ethyl acetate saponification reaction at industrial scale in a CSTR.
Effect of salt magnesium chloride on vapour liquid equilibria of binary aze...eSAT Journals
Abstract Separation of azeotropic liquid mixtures using distillation is a challenging task for process engineers. A straight distillation is not useful for complete separation of mixture components for azeotropic liquid mixtures. The conventional process using liquid entrainer is energy intensive and involves running extra distillation column. The salt which dissolve in liquid mixture but has different solubility in components of liquid mixture can be used as the extracting agent like that of liquid entrainer. The added salt can hold the component in equilibrium liquid phase which has more solubility and hence can enrich the equilibrium vapour phase with the other component. Therefore the added salt has the capability to alter the relative volatility of liquid mixture. The Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium data indicates the relative amount of components in liquid and vapour phase and hence indicates extend up to which liquid mixture can be separated using distillation. In this paper we have studied the separation of one of the important azeotropic liquid mixture Ethyl Acetate –Ethanol in presence of salt Magnesium Chloride. The Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) data of binary liquid mixture Ethyl Acetate (A)- Ethanol (B) without salt and with salt is obtained experimentally by using modified Othmer’s still. The system found to forms the minimum boiling azeotrope at 0.550 mole fraction of ethyl acetate at 71.7 0C under the normal atmospheric pressure. The effect of addition of salt Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) has been studied on the vapour - liquid equilibria of ethyl acetate- ethanol. Two different compositions of salt (20% and 25% by weight of ethanol in mixture) have been tried and corresponding shift in azeotropic point towards the higher composition of ethyl acetate than without salt is noted. Keywords: VLE, binary, azeotrope, mole fraction, salt.
CONVERSION OF DIMETHYL-NITROBENZENE TO DIMETHY L ANILINE, EFFECT OF SOME PROC...Berklin
The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene (DN) to Dimethyl-aniline (DA) was studied
in the temperature range 343–403 K
o
, pressure range of 4–10 bar H2 and ethanol as solvent using Pd/C
as catalyst above agitation speed 800 rpm. The substrate feed concentration was varied in the range from
0.124 to 0.745 kmol/m3
while catalyst loading was in the range 4–12% (w/w) of dimethyl-nitrobenzene.
Dimethyl-aniline was the only reaction product, generated through the hydrogenation of the Nitro group of
dimethyl-nitrobenzene. The effects of hydrogen partial pressure, catalyst loading, dimethyl-nitrobenzene
concentration and temperature on the reaction conversion have been reported. Near first-order
dependence on dimethyl-nitrobenzene concentration and hydrogen pressure were observed for the initial
rate of dimethyl-nitrobenzene hydrogenation over the 5% Pd/C catalyst. Furthermore, an increase in the
catalytic activity as the reaction temperature, pressure and weight of catalysts was observed. Conventional
Arrhenius behavior was exhibited by catalyst, Pd/C showed activation energies of 614 J/mol.
KINETICS OF ESTERIFICATION REACTION USING ION-EXCHANGE RESIN CATALYSTJournal For Research
The reaction kinetics of esterification between n-butanol and acetic acid on acidic solid catalyst named SERALITE SRC-120 under atmospheric pressure was investigated in this work. Reaction experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor at temperature range of 353 to 356 K, under various catalyst loads and various starting reactants feed ratios. The experimental data were fitted to estimate the kinetic parameters for reaction mechanisms. The chemical equilibrium composition was measured and kinetic information was obtained at the same temperature range. The results show that the activation energy of n-butanol esterification reaction was found to be 622.28 KJ/mol. Finally the results of produced reaction mechanisms were compared with Experimental results to validate the reaction mechanism. Then it was conclude that the model results with the regressed kinetic parameters are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
The Influence of Solvent on the Solvolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate in Water Aceton...IJEACS
The kinetic of alkaline hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate was investigated at different percentage of aqua-organic solvent mixture with Acetone (30 to 70% v/v) over the temperature range of 20o C to 40 o C. The specific rate constant was found to be decreased with increasing proportion of solvent (Acetone) at all the temperature range. The Iso-composition Activation energy (EC) was also evaluated which decreases with solvent composition in (water-Acetone) system. The number of water molecule associated with the activated complex is found to be increase (0.7003to 0.786) in water-Acetone system. The Thermodynamic Activation Parameter such as Enthalpy of Activation (H*), Entropy of Activation (S*) and Gibb's free energy of activation (G*) were also calculated
Ureap lant energy improved with operation philosophyand reactor internalsPrem Baboo
The energy of H.P. loop directly proportional to the pressure of h.p loop. The H.P loop is the heart of urea plants. Conversion of urea depends upon N/C & H/C ratio, reactor internal construction, i.e. configuration of trays, reactants mixing phenomenon, flow pattern etc. other than pressure. In conventional plants there was too much pressure of the reactors for higher urea conversion. Now philosophy has been changed our mind concentrated on flow pattern of the fluid dynamics and internals of the reactors. The performances of Urea Reactors can be improved by the application of the latest generation of internals like HET, Vortex mixture and conversion booster. As a consequence, the HET & Vortex mixture can be applied to design a new generation of urea reactors as well as to improve the performance of existing equipment in a retrofit design. The increase in the efficiency has permitted direct benefits to the overall day-by-day performances of the units, thus allowing lower energy consumption and a reduced environmental impact. The present paper based on these facts and how to improve energy by changing internals, operational parameters like molar ratio, recycling of water in the system, pressure & temperature of the system to improve energy and equipment’s life. The most important of these consists of a sharp reduction in specific steam consumption. The fluid-dynamics of a urea reactor can be significantly improved by the introduction of the latest generation of internals. e.g. Super cup trays, Vortex mixture, NIIK internals, siphon jet trays etc. No pressure drop observed because the gas phase directly converted to liquid phase the driving force compensates the pressure drop and No load limitation.
Viscosity coefficient and activation parameters for viscous flow of a homolog...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to IRJET- Estimation of Parameters of Kinetic Study and Arrhenius Equation for the Reaction between Ethyl Acetate with Sodium Hydroxide (20)
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.