The presentation gives the basic information regarding the extraction in food matrix. It includes basics of extraction, principles of extraction and the theory behind the solvent extraction. It also involves terms and terminologies involved in the extraction process, Factors affecting extraction efficiency and Types of Extractors. Mixer-Settlers for extraction, Spray extraction towers, Plate towers contactors, etc.
Drying. Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. ... In bioproducts like food, grains, and pharmaceuticals like vaccines, the solvent to be removed is almost invariably water.
This PPT contains Basics and Detail study of Liquid Liquid Extraction.....one of the unit operation in Mass Transfer. Also contains solvent selection criteria.
in this ppt i descussed about evaporator.evaporation,Evaporation is the process by which an element or compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils.
types of Evaporators
Open kettle or pan
Horizontal tube natural circulation evaporator
Vertical tube natural circulation evaporator
Long tube vertical evaporator
Falling film evaporator
Forced circulation evaporator
Open-pan solar evaporator
introduction, theory of drying, applications of drying, construction & working about fluidised bed dryer,use of tray dryer,construction about vacuum dryer, construction & working about drum dryer, construction about spray dryer
Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Food AnalysisVarad Bende
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising technique of extraction in past few years in food domain. The presentation reviews the theoretical aspects, instrumentation, applications and some case studies.Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising technique of extraction in past few years in food domain. The presentation reviews the theoretical aspects, instrumentation, applications and some case studies.
Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of products like solids from fluids by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
Drying. Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. ... In bioproducts like food, grains, and pharmaceuticals like vaccines, the solvent to be removed is almost invariably water.
This PPT contains Basics and Detail study of Liquid Liquid Extraction.....one of the unit operation in Mass Transfer. Also contains solvent selection criteria.
in this ppt i descussed about evaporator.evaporation,Evaporation is the process by which an element or compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils.
types of Evaporators
Open kettle or pan
Horizontal tube natural circulation evaporator
Vertical tube natural circulation evaporator
Long tube vertical evaporator
Falling film evaporator
Forced circulation evaporator
Open-pan solar evaporator
introduction, theory of drying, applications of drying, construction & working about fluidised bed dryer,use of tray dryer,construction about vacuum dryer, construction & working about drum dryer, construction about spray dryer
Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Food AnalysisVarad Bende
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising technique of extraction in past few years in food domain. The presentation reviews the theoretical aspects, instrumentation, applications and some case studies.Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising technique of extraction in past few years in food domain. The presentation reviews the theoretical aspects, instrumentation, applications and some case studies.
Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of products like solids from fluids by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
The present document provide the information about Methods of extraction of drugs from the biological matrix (protein precipitation method, liquid extraction)
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
2. Unit processes used in pharmacy- INTRODUCTION (1).pdfSARADPAWAR1
Pharmaceutical Processing is the process of drug manufacturing and can be broken down into a range of unit operations, such as blending, granulation, milling, coating, tablet pressing, filling, and others.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
At Taste Of Middle East, we believe that food is not just about satisfying hunger, it's about experiencing different cultures and traditions. Our restaurant concept is based on selecting famous dishes from Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other Arabic countries to give our customers an authentic taste of the Middle East
2. Extraction may be defined as the removal of soluble constituents from a solid,
liquid or semi-solid with means of suitable solvent.
It may be defined as the treatment of the plant or animal tissues with
appropriate solvent, which would dissolve the medicinally active constituents.
Extraction
3. Extraction is the method of removal of a soluble fraction in the form of a solution
from an insoluble matrix with the help of a suitable solvent.
oThe soluble components may be present either as
a solid or liquid
oInsoluble matrix may be
in powder form, openly porous or non porous or cellular with selective
permeable cell walls as in case of vegetable and animal tissues.
Extraction
Extraction
Solid – Liquid
Extraction
Liquid – Liquid
Extraction
Leaching
4. Solvent extraction, or liquid–liquid extraction, is the separation of impurities (solutes)
from a liquid solution by contacting it with another immiscible liquid (solvent) in
which the impurities have a high affinity.
The high affinity driving the separation can be either
◦ Physical solubility differences
◦ Chemical reaction.
The solvent may be a
◦ Single component liquid
◦ Mixture
Liquid-liquid extraction
6. Basic steps in extraction
Typical liquid-liquid extraction operations utilize
the differences in the solubilities of the
components of a liquid mixture.
The basic steps involved include:
1. Contacting the feed with the extraction solvent.
2. Separation of the resulting phases
3. Removal/recovery of solvent from each phase.
7. Extraction is process of transferring substance of a water phase in organic
Menstrum is reagent which with investigated substance forms compound which then is
extracted
Extract - is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a
solvent such as ethanol or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures or in powder form
Re-extraction is process of transferring substance of organic phase in water
Raffinate / Marc is a liquid from which impurities have been removed by solvent
extraction
Terminologies in Extraction
8. Polar : water (Di-electric constant: 80), Methanol : (33), Acetone : (21)
Non-polar : Chloroform (4.81), Hexane (1.88), Benzene(2.3) , toluene (2.38) , diethyl-
ether (4.3), Solvents with a dielectric constant of less than 15 are generally considered
to be non-polar.
Should not mix up with water.
Should be selective.
Should have the big capacity in
relation to extractive.
Conditions of a choice of solvent
The density of extragent should be
difference from water density.
Should have the minimum viscosity.
Should be inexpensive.
Cannot be explosive.
9. Single component liquid
oHexane
oEther
oToluene
oWater
oDichloromethane
oChloroform
Mixture
oWater and Ether
oEther and Methylene chloride
oAcetone and Ether
oWater and Acetone
oWater and Methylene chloride
oEther and Dichloromethane
Common used solvents
10. For a given compound, solubility difference between solvents is quantified as
Distribution Coefficient or partitioning coefficient.
Distribution Ratio: measure of how well a species is extracted.
It is the ratio, K of the solubility of solute dissolved in the organic layer to the
solubility of material dissolved in the aqueous layer.
K is independent of the actual amounts of the two solvents mixed.
Extraction efficiency
11. The constant K, is essentially the ratio of the concentrations of the solute in the two
different solvents once the system reaches equilibrium.
At equilibrium the molecules naturally distribute themselves in the solvent where they
are more soluble.
Inorganic and water soluble materials will stay in the water layer and more organic
molecules will remain in the organic layer.
K= distribution coefficient =
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑔/100𝑚𝐿)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑔/100𝑚𝐿)
Extraction efficiency
12. Extraction efficiency
Unless K is very large, not all of a solute
will reside in the organic layer in a single
extraction.
Usually more than one extractions of the
aqueous layer with an organic solvent are
carried out in sequence in order to remove as
much of the desired product from the
aqueous layer as possible.
13. Temperature
Suitable size reduction
Penetration of drug by the solvent
Solution of the soluble matter within the cells
Escape of dissolved material through the cell walls and through the boundary
layer surrounding the particles
Separation of the solution and exhausted drug
Factors affecting extraction efficiency
14. Separation of elements
Concentrating impurities
Clearings of the basic component from impurities
Definition of the basic component from impurities
Identification and quantitative definition of chemical agent or substances-
markers
Increase of sensitivity and selectivity of reactions
Studying of formation constant of complexes
Studying of substance condition in a solution (a charge, polymerisation degree)
Applications of Extraction
15. Column
Contactors
Mixer Settlers
Centrifugal
Used primarily in the metals
industry due to:
- Large flows
- Intense mixing
- Long Residence time
- Corrosive fluids
- History
Used primarily in the
pharmaceutical industry due to:
- Large flows
- Intense mixing
- Long Residence time
- Corrosive fluids
- History
Static Agitated
Spray Packed Tray Pulsed Rotary
Reciprocating
Rarely used Used in:
- Refining
- Petrochemicals
Used in:
- Refining
- Petrochemicals
Used in:
- Nuclear
- Inorganics
- Chemicals
Used in:
- Chemicals
- Petrochemicals
- Refining
- Pharmaceutical
Types of Extractors
21. Generally the desired liquid is dissolved in the solvent and then get extracted.
To improve the efficiency, pretreatments are given to the mixture.
The following pretreatments are generally applied to improve the efficiency.
Microwave pretreatment
Ultrasound pretreatment
High Pressure Processing
Pulse Electric Field Processing
Cold plasma pretreatment
Recent development in solvent extraction
A mechanical mixer is often used to provide intimate contact between the two liquid phases.
Used in extraction of uranium salts or copper salts from aqueous solutions.