This document discusses distance protection of a transmission line with a STATCOM installed at the mid-point. It begins with an introduction to FACTS devices and their impact on transmission line protection schemes. It then reviews the modeling and operation of STATCOM and distance relays. The performance of a two-zone distance protection scheme is evaluated for different fault conditions using EMTDC/PSCAD simulation. To address misoperations of the conventional distance relay when the line is compensated by STATCOM, an adaptive distance protection algorithm is presented and its flow diagram is shown. The algorithm adaptively selects the protection zones based on the STATCOM injection current and measured relay quantities to improve the reliability of distance protection.
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Journals
Abstract The relay communication system is the heart of the protective scheme. The independent operation of the relays scheme for the protection of transmission line is not adequate in some cases where the time delay to clear faults beyond the zone1 reach for distance relays may be considered unacceptable. The need for additional intelligence in the protection of some transmission lines arises due to the failing of Distance protection. As the future may see more global the protection designs also require high-bandwidth communications in order to achieve the required speed. In this paper there is the study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schemes which utilize a communications path to send signals from the relaying system at one end of the line to that at the other end. Key words: Wire Pilot, PLCC, Microwave channel
Optimal Placement of TCSC and SVC Using PSOIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a particle swarm optimization technique to determine the optimal placement of TCSC and SVC devices on power systems. The objective is to minimize a cost function that considers the costs of installing the devices, load bus voltage deviations from nominal values, and line loadings. The paper formulates the objective function and describes models for TCSC and SVC devices. It then provides an overview of the particle swarm optimization technique before describing the algorithm used to apply PSO to determine the optimal location and sizing of TCSC and SVC devices on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus and 57-bus test systems while considering different load levels. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the method.
A Multilevel Inverter with MPPT Control for Drifting Analysis and Improved Po...IRJET Journal
This document presents a voltage sensor-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm for a multilevel inverter photovoltaic system. The MPPT algorithm uses only the output voltage measurement to track the maximum power point and regulates the battery charge. Simulation results show that the algorithm achieves fast tracking of changes in solar irradiance and load variations. The paper also analyzes the steady-state behavior and drift phenomenon of the MPPT algorithm to evaluate tracking efficiency. A 15-level asymmetric cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology is proposed to reduce output voltage harmonics and improve the voltage range from the PV array.
IRJET- Monitoring Against Voltage Instabilities using Line Voltage Stability ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes methods for monitoring voltage stability in power systems using line voltage stability indices. It analyzes the IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus test systems to identify weak lines using four indices: line stability index (LMN), fast voltage stability index (FVSI), line stability factor (LQP), and voltage collapse point indicators (VCPI). The results are used to determine which lines are most prone to voltage instability under heavy loading conditions in order to rectify issues by implementing FACTS devices on those lines.
1. Transmission lines are vital for power transfer but operate close to limits, so faults must be detected and isolated quickly. Protection systems identify fault locations and isolate only faulted sections.
2. Factors influencing line protection include criticality, fault clearing times, line configuration, loading conditions, and equipment failure modes. Protection redundancy and backup schemes are important.
3. GE Multilin relays provide advantages for applications like single pole tripping, communications schemes, and security for dual breaker terminals through dedicated logic and direct measurement of circuit breaker currents.
Voltage profile Improvement Using Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOMINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a regulating device used in AC transmission systems as a source or a sink of reactive power. The most widely utilization of the STATCOM is in enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission line. A voltage regulator is a FACTs device used to adjust the voltage disturbance by injecting a controllable voltage into the system. This paper implement Nruro-Fuzzy controller to control the STATCOM to improve the voltage profile of the power network. The controller has been simulated for some kinds of disturbances and the results show improvements in voltage profile of the system. The performance of STATCOM with its controller was very close within 98% of the nominal value of the busbar voltage.
IRJET- SVPWM Technique based D-STATCOM to Improve Power Quality in Distributi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a D-STATCOM with SVPWM and SPWM control techniques to improve power quality in a distribution system. It begins by introducing D-STATCOM and its role in distribution systems for reactive power compensation and power quality improvement. It then describes the operation of D-STATCOM and the SVPWM control technique. SVPWM is presented as a more advanced PWM method that provides lower harmonic distortion compared to SPWM. The document concludes by stating that the methodology involves simulating a distribution system with D-STATCOM using both SPWM and SVPWM control techniques to compare their effects on total harmonic distortion during different power quality problems.
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Journals
Abstract The relay communication system is the heart of the protective scheme. The independent operation of the relays scheme for the protection of transmission line is not adequate in some cases where the time delay to clear faults beyond the zone1 reach for distance relays may be considered unacceptable. The need for additional intelligence in the protection of some transmission lines arises due to the failing of Distance protection. As the future may see more global the protection designs also require high-bandwidth communications in order to achieve the required speed. In this paper there is the study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schemes which utilize a communications path to send signals from the relaying system at one end of the line to that at the other end. Key words: Wire Pilot, PLCC, Microwave channel
Optimal Placement of TCSC and SVC Using PSOIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a particle swarm optimization technique to determine the optimal placement of TCSC and SVC devices on power systems. The objective is to minimize a cost function that considers the costs of installing the devices, load bus voltage deviations from nominal values, and line loadings. The paper formulates the objective function and describes models for TCSC and SVC devices. It then provides an overview of the particle swarm optimization technique before describing the algorithm used to apply PSO to determine the optimal location and sizing of TCSC and SVC devices on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus and 57-bus test systems while considering different load levels. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the method.
A Multilevel Inverter with MPPT Control for Drifting Analysis and Improved Po...IRJET Journal
This document presents a voltage sensor-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm for a multilevel inverter photovoltaic system. The MPPT algorithm uses only the output voltage measurement to track the maximum power point and regulates the battery charge. Simulation results show that the algorithm achieves fast tracking of changes in solar irradiance and load variations. The paper also analyzes the steady-state behavior and drift phenomenon of the MPPT algorithm to evaluate tracking efficiency. A 15-level asymmetric cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology is proposed to reduce output voltage harmonics and improve the voltage range from the PV array.
IRJET- Monitoring Against Voltage Instabilities using Line Voltage Stability ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes methods for monitoring voltage stability in power systems using line voltage stability indices. It analyzes the IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus test systems to identify weak lines using four indices: line stability index (LMN), fast voltage stability index (FVSI), line stability factor (LQP), and voltage collapse point indicators (VCPI). The results are used to determine which lines are most prone to voltage instability under heavy loading conditions in order to rectify issues by implementing FACTS devices on those lines.
1. Transmission lines are vital for power transfer but operate close to limits, so faults must be detected and isolated quickly. Protection systems identify fault locations and isolate only faulted sections.
2. Factors influencing line protection include criticality, fault clearing times, line configuration, loading conditions, and equipment failure modes. Protection redundancy and backup schemes are important.
3. GE Multilin relays provide advantages for applications like single pole tripping, communications schemes, and security for dual breaker terminals through dedicated logic and direct measurement of circuit breaker currents.
Voltage profile Improvement Using Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOMINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a regulating device used in AC transmission systems as a source or a sink of reactive power. The most widely utilization of the STATCOM is in enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission line. A voltage regulator is a FACTs device used to adjust the voltage disturbance by injecting a controllable voltage into the system. This paper implement Nruro-Fuzzy controller to control the STATCOM to improve the voltage profile of the power network. The controller has been simulated for some kinds of disturbances and the results show improvements in voltage profile of the system. The performance of STATCOM with its controller was very close within 98% of the nominal value of the busbar voltage.
IRJET- SVPWM Technique based D-STATCOM to Improve Power Quality in Distributi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a D-STATCOM with SVPWM and SPWM control techniques to improve power quality in a distribution system. It begins by introducing D-STATCOM and its role in distribution systems for reactive power compensation and power quality improvement. It then describes the operation of D-STATCOM and the SVPWM control technique. SVPWM is presented as a more advanced PWM method that provides lower harmonic distortion compared to SPWM. The document concludes by stating that the methodology involves simulating a distribution system with D-STATCOM using both SPWM and SVPWM control techniques to compare their effects on total harmonic distortion during different power quality problems.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the performance of a 3-level space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) controlled unified power flow controller (UPFC) placed at different locations in an IEEE 14 bus system under a line-to-ground fault. The UPFC combines a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to independently control voltage, real and reactive power flow. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that a 3-level SVPWM control strategy effectively compensates for problems related to reactive power and power quality under unbalanced fault conditions.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
Pwm control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistributi...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes three PWM control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistribution techniques. The strategies are Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), and Phase Disposition (PD). Simulation results show the performance of a seven-level diode-clamped inverter using the three carrier-based PWM strategies with sinusoidal PWM, third harmonic injection PWM, and modified space vector PWM modulation signals. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated and compared for each modulation scheme.
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
This document presents a study on using a multi-level inverter based DSTATCOM (distributed static synchronous compensator) and DVR (dynamic voltage restorer) with a neuro-fuzzy controller to improve power quality by mitigating voltage sags. It proposes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with isolated DC energy storage and reduced switches. Simulation results show the MLI-based DSTATCOM and DVR can compensate voltage sags by injecting current and voltage respectively to regulate the bus voltage. The output with compensation has 1500V voltage compared to 1000V without compensation during a 500V sag.
This document discusses the application of a Distributed Static Series Controller (DSSC) modified with fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controllers to mitigate sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) in series compensated power systems. SSR can cause shaft damage in turbine generators. The paper proposes using DSSC, a distributed FACTS device, with auxiliary damping controllers based on fuzzy logic and ANFIS to provide effective damping. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink show that a DSSC combined with ANFIS controller is effective at damping SSR oscillations compared to conventional controllers.
Performance of mf msk systems with predistortion schemesIJMIT JOURNAL
Efficient RF power amplifiers used in third generation systems require linearization in order to reduce adjacent channel inter-modulation distortion, without sacrificing efficiency. Digital baseband predistortion is a highly cost-effective way to linearize power amplifiers (PAs). New communications services have created a demand for highly linear high power amplifiers (HPA's). Traveling Wave Tubes Amplifiers ( TWTA ) continue to offer the best microwave HPA performance in terms of power efficiency, size and cost, but lag behind Solid State Power Amplifiers ( SSAP's ) in linearity. This paper presents a technique for improving TWTA linearity. The use of predistorter (PD) linearization technique is described to provide TWTA performance comparable or superior to conventional SSPA's. The characteristics of the PD scheme is derived based on the extension of Saleh's model for HPA. The analysis results of Multi-frequency Minimum Shift Keying (MF-MSK) in non-linear channels are presented in this paper.
1) The document describes a technique called FAMPLC (Frequency and Amplitude Modulated Power Line Communication) that enables full-duplex communication over power lines. It modulates data onto the frequency and current of the power signal.
2) FAMPLC uses a DC to AC inverter to transmit data via frequency modulation of the power signal from a "server". A receiver extracts the data by measuring the pulse width and frequency. It transmits back to the server by imposing amplitude modulation onto the current using an active resistor dummy load.
3) The server extracts data from the current using a Thevenin Equivalent Converter circuit. This allows establishment of a bi-directional UART communication channel over
Ijeee 28-32-accurate fault location estimation in transmission linesKumar Goud
Accurate Fault Location Estimation in Transmission Lines
B. Narsimha Reddy Dr. P. Chandra Sekar
Sr. Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, TS, India Hyderabad, TS, India
babubnr@gmail.com Pcs_76@rediffmail.com
Abstract: In trendy power transmission systems, the double-circuit line structure is increasingly adopted. However, owing to the mutual coupling between the parallel lines it is quite difficult to style correct fault location algorithms. Moreover, the widely used series compensator and its protecting device introduce harmonics and non-linearity’s to the transmission lines, that create fault location a lot of difficult. To tackle these issues, this thesis is committed to developing advanced fault location strategies for double-circuit and series-compensated transmission lines. Algorithms utilizing thin measurements for pinpointing the situation of short-circuit faults on double-circuit lines square measure planned. By moldering the initial net-work into 3 sequence networks, the bus ohmic resistance matrix for every network with the addition of the citations fault bus may be developed. It’s a perform of the unknown fault location. With the increased bus ohmic resistance matrices the sequence voltage amendment throughout the fault at any bus may be expressed in terms of the corresponding sequence fault current and also the transfer ohmic resistance between the fault bus and the measured bus. Resorting to tape machine the superimposed sequence current at any branch may be expressed with relevancy the pertaining sequence fault current and transfer ohmic resistance terms. Obeying boundary conditions of different fault sorts, four different categories of fault location algorithms utilizing either voltage phasors, or phase voltage magnitudes, or current phasors or section current magnitudes square measure derived. The distinguishing characteristic of the planned methodology is that the information measurements need not stem from the faulted section itself. Quite satisfactory results are obtained victimisation EMTP simulation studies. A fault location rule for series-compensated transmission lines that employs two-terminal asynchronous voltage and current measurements has been implemented. For the distinct cases that the fault happens either on the left or on the right aspect of the series compensator, 2 subroutines square measure developed. In addition, the procedure to spot the proper fault location estimate is represented during this work. Simulation studies disbursed with Matlab Sim Power Systems show that the fault location results square measure terribly correct.
Keywords: Ohmic Resistance, Transmission Lines, PMU, DFR, VCR, EMTP, MOV.
This paper aims to use a three-phase quasi-Z-source indirect matrix converter (QZSIMC) to expand the voltage gain for application in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives. In this converter, a unique quasi-Z-source network (QZSN) connects the three-phase input voltage to conventional indirect matrix converter (IMC) in order to boost the supply voltage for PMSM because of limited voltage gain of IMC. Dual space vector modulation (SVM) is utilized to control the QZSIMC. The amplitude of output voltage for quasi-Z-source network is raised by the shoot-through of the rectifier stage, so the system voltage gain becomes greater. Through selecting the optimized value of shoot through duty ratio (D) and modulation index of the rectifier stage (), the drive system can automatically regulate the output voltage of QZSIMC during conditions of voltage sag , step change in load torque and reference speed change when the required voltage gain of QZSIMC is more than 0.866 depending on input voltage and required output voltage.The vector control technique based on closed loop speed control is proposed to control speed of the motor from zero to rated speed which is combined with the proposed converter to obtain the motor drive. The simulation results with MATLAB /Simulink 2015 are obtained to validate performance of PMSM drive.
Dynamic Performance of Distance Relayson Series Compensated Transmission Line...Premier Publishers
Series compensation is installed in power system networks to increase power transfer capacity, improve the system stability, reduce system losses, improve voltage regulation and for achieving flexible power flow control. Distance relays are widely used as main or backup protection of transmission lines including series-compensated transmission lines. The performance of conventional distance relays is affected by series capacitors and cause certain protection issues. This paper briefly discusses the problems like voltage inversion, current inversion, overreach and under reach during the fault conditions specific to series compensated lines. The behavior of capacitor protection techniques is discussed with simulations performed using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) simulator for a typical 400 kV system having series compensation. The analysis is based on Transmission Line fault simulations, internal and external to the 400-transmission line where the Fixed Series Compensation (FSC)is installed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of Dynamic Stability Response of A SMIB with PI and Fuzzy Controll...ijeei-iaes
Consumer utilities are non –linear in nature. This injects increased flow of current and reduced voltage with distortions which cause adverse effect on the stability of consumer utilities. To overcome this problem we are using a modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System controller i.e. distributed power flow controller (DPFC). This controller is similar to UPFC, which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. In DPFC, instead of the common Dc link capacitor three single phase converters are used. In this paper we are concentrating on system stability (oscillation damping). For analyzing the stability of a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) we have used PI controlled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Fuzzy controlled DPFC. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows Fuzzy controlled DPFC are better than PI controlled DPFC. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply.
Voltage Sag and Harmonics Mitigation using Distributed Power Flow ControllerIRJET Journal
The document describes a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) that is presented as a new power flow controlling device to mitigate voltage sags and harmonics. The DPFC improves upon the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) by eliminating the common DC link and distributing the series converter into multiple low-rating single-phase converters. This greatly reduces costs and improves reliability compared to the UPFC. The DPFC allows independent operation of the shunt and series converters, with active power exchanged through the transmission line at the third harmonic frequency instead of through a common DC link. The DPFC is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate its ability to improve power quality during different types of faults.
IRJET- Online Grid Integrated Photovoltaic System with New Level Inverter SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents a single-phase five-level photovoltaic (PV) inverter topology for grid-connected PV systems. The proposed inverter uses five voltage levels - zero, half, and full positive and negative supply voltages - to reduce harmonic distortion compared to a traditional three-level inverter. Simulation results show the switching pulses generated and the output voltage and current of the inverter. The five-level inverter provides improved power quality while integrating solar PV systems with the power grid.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
A Review on Selection of Proper Busbar Arrangement for Typical Substation (Bu...IRJET Journal
This document reviews different busbar arrangements that can be used in electrical substations. It discusses the key factors that influence the selection of a busbar scheme such as reliability, flexibility, cost and maintenance requirements. Five common busbar configurations are described in detail: single bus, double bus, three bus, one and a half breaker, and ring or mesh bus. Each arrangement has advantages and disadvantages depending on the application and importance of different design considerations for a given substation. The document provides an overview to help determine the optimal busbar layout.
A Review of Analysis and Modeling of Grid Connected Three Phase Multilevel Un...IRJET Journal
This document reviews a five-level multiple-pole structure for a grid connected three phase multilevel unity power rectifier that aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion using fewer components. The proposed design is a five-level/multiple-pole multilevel unity power factor rectifier that achieves unity power factor and input current shaping with a reduced number of components. It uses a simple control method based on average current control at a low switching frequency to compensate for grid current harmonics. Simulation results show the design has better dynamic response and tracking under unbalanced grid conditions compared to other existing rectifier topologies.
Analysis of distance protection relay in presence of static synchronous compe...IAEME Publication
This document analyzes the impact of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on distance protection relays for transmission lines. It presents a simulation of a 400kV, 300km transmission line with a 100MVA STATCOM at the midpoint and distance relays at each end. The simulation shows that the STATCOM affects the impedance seen by the relays during faults, as it injects current and alters line parameters. Traditional relay settings based solely on line impedance may not operate correctly with a STATCOM present. The document discusses modeling of the transmission line, STATCOM, and distance relays in MATLAB/Simulink to study their performance under normal and fault conditions with the STATCOM.
IRJET- Performance Improvement for Distance Relay based Fuzzy Logic for All P...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study that uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm to design a three-phase distance relay with fuzzy logic for fault detection and classification in overhead transmission lines.
2) The ANFIS generates a fuzzy system with two parts - the first detects faults by measuring voltage and current to calculate impedance, while the second determines fault location and type based on peak current values.
3) Simulation results showed the fuzzy logic distance relay successfully distinguished faults from disturbances, determined protection zones, and identified fault locations and types using data from a model of a 400kV transmission line in MATLAB/Simulink.
Three zone detection and distance relay co-ordination of power system protect...IJECEIAES
To secure the transmission lines against power system faults, the distance relays are mostly used. Distance relay has its own resistance (R)-reactance (X)-characteristics. Co-ordination of different distance relays is necessary for the fast operation of circuit breaker. Various distance relays which are being tripped with respect to circuit breakers which are attached at individual buses faraway from each other. These relays will be operated with respect to the distance between the occurred fault and relay location. In this paper, detection of three zones using relay characteristics, co-ordination of distance relays and circuit breakers are shown with the faults placed at different locations of an IEEE 9 bus system using MATLAB/Simulink GUI environment. A comparison also made between the relays performance and circuit breaker tripping operation with respect to severe faults at different locations on IEEE 9 bus system.
Modelling and Testing of a Numerical Pilot Distance Relay for Compensated Tra...MohammadMomani26
Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technologies are wildly used in the high voltage and extra-high voltage AC transmission systems to control the power flow. The existence of FACTS devices in the transmission lines makes a misoperation of the traditional distance relay. In this paper, a new special pilot distance protection scheme is presented for any compensated transmission line. This scheme is valid for any type of FACTS device (shunt, series, and compound) and different operation points (capacitive mode or inductive mode). The proposed scheme is modeled and tested in MATLAB 2020a/Simulink. The model includes a fault detection algorithm, phase selection, measured impedance, and five zones mho characteristic. The proposed scheme includes two additional reversed zones with the three traditional zones. The model is verified under deferent fault scenarios, including single-line to ground faults, double-line faults, double-line to ground faults, and three-phase faults. The results show the model robustness for different FACTS devices, including Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) as examples on the shunt, series, and compound FACTS devices respectively. All results show that the relay operates correctly under different FACTD device locations, different types of faults, different types of FACTS devices, and different operation points.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the performance of a 3-level space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) controlled unified power flow controller (UPFC) placed at different locations in an IEEE 14 bus system under a line-to-ground fault. The UPFC combines a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to independently control voltage, real and reactive power flow. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that a 3-level SVPWM control strategy effectively compensates for problems related to reactive power and power quality under unbalanced fault conditions.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
Pwm control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistributi...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes three PWM control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistribution techniques. The strategies are Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), and Phase Disposition (PD). Simulation results show the performance of a seven-level diode-clamped inverter using the three carrier-based PWM strategies with sinusoidal PWM, third harmonic injection PWM, and modified space vector PWM modulation signals. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated and compared for each modulation scheme.
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
This document presents a study on using a multi-level inverter based DSTATCOM (distributed static synchronous compensator) and DVR (dynamic voltage restorer) with a neuro-fuzzy controller to improve power quality by mitigating voltage sags. It proposes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with isolated DC energy storage and reduced switches. Simulation results show the MLI-based DSTATCOM and DVR can compensate voltage sags by injecting current and voltage respectively to regulate the bus voltage. The output with compensation has 1500V voltage compared to 1000V without compensation during a 500V sag.
This document discusses the application of a Distributed Static Series Controller (DSSC) modified with fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controllers to mitigate sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) in series compensated power systems. SSR can cause shaft damage in turbine generators. The paper proposes using DSSC, a distributed FACTS device, with auxiliary damping controllers based on fuzzy logic and ANFIS to provide effective damping. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink show that a DSSC combined with ANFIS controller is effective at damping SSR oscillations compared to conventional controllers.
Performance of mf msk systems with predistortion schemesIJMIT JOURNAL
Efficient RF power amplifiers used in third generation systems require linearization in order to reduce adjacent channel inter-modulation distortion, without sacrificing efficiency. Digital baseband predistortion is a highly cost-effective way to linearize power amplifiers (PAs). New communications services have created a demand for highly linear high power amplifiers (HPA's). Traveling Wave Tubes Amplifiers ( TWTA ) continue to offer the best microwave HPA performance in terms of power efficiency, size and cost, but lag behind Solid State Power Amplifiers ( SSAP's ) in linearity. This paper presents a technique for improving TWTA linearity. The use of predistorter (PD) linearization technique is described to provide TWTA performance comparable or superior to conventional SSPA's. The characteristics of the PD scheme is derived based on the extension of Saleh's model for HPA. The analysis results of Multi-frequency Minimum Shift Keying (MF-MSK) in non-linear channels are presented in this paper.
1) The document describes a technique called FAMPLC (Frequency and Amplitude Modulated Power Line Communication) that enables full-duplex communication over power lines. It modulates data onto the frequency and current of the power signal.
2) FAMPLC uses a DC to AC inverter to transmit data via frequency modulation of the power signal from a "server". A receiver extracts the data by measuring the pulse width and frequency. It transmits back to the server by imposing amplitude modulation onto the current using an active resistor dummy load.
3) The server extracts data from the current using a Thevenin Equivalent Converter circuit. This allows establishment of a bi-directional UART communication channel over
Ijeee 28-32-accurate fault location estimation in transmission linesKumar Goud
Accurate Fault Location Estimation in Transmission Lines
B. Narsimha Reddy Dr. P. Chandra Sekar
Sr. Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, TS, India Hyderabad, TS, India
babubnr@gmail.com Pcs_76@rediffmail.com
Abstract: In trendy power transmission systems, the double-circuit line structure is increasingly adopted. However, owing to the mutual coupling between the parallel lines it is quite difficult to style correct fault location algorithms. Moreover, the widely used series compensator and its protecting device introduce harmonics and non-linearity’s to the transmission lines, that create fault location a lot of difficult. To tackle these issues, this thesis is committed to developing advanced fault location strategies for double-circuit and series-compensated transmission lines. Algorithms utilizing thin measurements for pinpointing the situation of short-circuit faults on double-circuit lines square measure planned. By moldering the initial net-work into 3 sequence networks, the bus ohmic resistance matrix for every network with the addition of the citations fault bus may be developed. It’s a perform of the unknown fault location. With the increased bus ohmic resistance matrices the sequence voltage amendment throughout the fault at any bus may be expressed in terms of the corresponding sequence fault current and also the transfer ohmic resistance between the fault bus and the measured bus. Resorting to tape machine the superimposed sequence current at any branch may be expressed with relevancy the pertaining sequence fault current and transfer ohmic resistance terms. Obeying boundary conditions of different fault sorts, four different categories of fault location algorithms utilizing either voltage phasors, or phase voltage magnitudes, or current phasors or section current magnitudes square measure derived. The distinguishing characteristic of the planned methodology is that the information measurements need not stem from the faulted section itself. Quite satisfactory results are obtained victimisation EMTP simulation studies. A fault location rule for series-compensated transmission lines that employs two-terminal asynchronous voltage and current measurements has been implemented. For the distinct cases that the fault happens either on the left or on the right aspect of the series compensator, 2 subroutines square measure developed. In addition, the procedure to spot the proper fault location estimate is represented during this work. Simulation studies disbursed with Matlab Sim Power Systems show that the fault location results square measure terribly correct.
Keywords: Ohmic Resistance, Transmission Lines, PMU, DFR, VCR, EMTP, MOV.
This paper aims to use a three-phase quasi-Z-source indirect matrix converter (QZSIMC) to expand the voltage gain for application in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives. In this converter, a unique quasi-Z-source network (QZSN) connects the three-phase input voltage to conventional indirect matrix converter (IMC) in order to boost the supply voltage for PMSM because of limited voltage gain of IMC. Dual space vector modulation (SVM) is utilized to control the QZSIMC. The amplitude of output voltage for quasi-Z-source network is raised by the shoot-through of the rectifier stage, so the system voltage gain becomes greater. Through selecting the optimized value of shoot through duty ratio (D) and modulation index of the rectifier stage (), the drive system can automatically regulate the output voltage of QZSIMC during conditions of voltage sag , step change in load torque and reference speed change when the required voltage gain of QZSIMC is more than 0.866 depending on input voltage and required output voltage.The vector control technique based on closed loop speed control is proposed to control speed of the motor from zero to rated speed which is combined with the proposed converter to obtain the motor drive. The simulation results with MATLAB /Simulink 2015 are obtained to validate performance of PMSM drive.
Dynamic Performance of Distance Relayson Series Compensated Transmission Line...Premier Publishers
Series compensation is installed in power system networks to increase power transfer capacity, improve the system stability, reduce system losses, improve voltage regulation and for achieving flexible power flow control. Distance relays are widely used as main or backup protection of transmission lines including series-compensated transmission lines. The performance of conventional distance relays is affected by series capacitors and cause certain protection issues. This paper briefly discusses the problems like voltage inversion, current inversion, overreach and under reach during the fault conditions specific to series compensated lines. The behavior of capacitor protection techniques is discussed with simulations performed using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) simulator for a typical 400 kV system having series compensation. The analysis is based on Transmission Line fault simulations, internal and external to the 400-transmission line where the Fixed Series Compensation (FSC)is installed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of Dynamic Stability Response of A SMIB with PI and Fuzzy Controll...ijeei-iaes
Consumer utilities are non –linear in nature. This injects increased flow of current and reduced voltage with distortions which cause adverse effect on the stability of consumer utilities. To overcome this problem we are using a modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System controller i.e. distributed power flow controller (DPFC). This controller is similar to UPFC, which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. In DPFC, instead of the common Dc link capacitor three single phase converters are used. In this paper we are concentrating on system stability (oscillation damping). For analyzing the stability of a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) we have used PI controlled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Fuzzy controlled DPFC. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows Fuzzy controlled DPFC are better than PI controlled DPFC. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply.
Voltage Sag and Harmonics Mitigation using Distributed Power Flow ControllerIRJET Journal
The document describes a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) that is presented as a new power flow controlling device to mitigate voltage sags and harmonics. The DPFC improves upon the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) by eliminating the common DC link and distributing the series converter into multiple low-rating single-phase converters. This greatly reduces costs and improves reliability compared to the UPFC. The DPFC allows independent operation of the shunt and series converters, with active power exchanged through the transmission line at the third harmonic frequency instead of through a common DC link. The DPFC is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate its ability to improve power quality during different types of faults.
IRJET- Online Grid Integrated Photovoltaic System with New Level Inverter SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents a single-phase five-level photovoltaic (PV) inverter topology for grid-connected PV systems. The proposed inverter uses five voltage levels - zero, half, and full positive and negative supply voltages - to reduce harmonic distortion compared to a traditional three-level inverter. Simulation results show the switching pulses generated and the output voltage and current of the inverter. The five-level inverter provides improved power quality while integrating solar PV systems with the power grid.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
A Review on Selection of Proper Busbar Arrangement for Typical Substation (Bu...IRJET Journal
This document reviews different busbar arrangements that can be used in electrical substations. It discusses the key factors that influence the selection of a busbar scheme such as reliability, flexibility, cost and maintenance requirements. Five common busbar configurations are described in detail: single bus, double bus, three bus, one and a half breaker, and ring or mesh bus. Each arrangement has advantages and disadvantages depending on the application and importance of different design considerations for a given substation. The document provides an overview to help determine the optimal busbar layout.
A Review of Analysis and Modeling of Grid Connected Three Phase Multilevel Un...IRJET Journal
This document reviews a five-level multiple-pole structure for a grid connected three phase multilevel unity power rectifier that aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion using fewer components. The proposed design is a five-level/multiple-pole multilevel unity power factor rectifier that achieves unity power factor and input current shaping with a reduced number of components. It uses a simple control method based on average current control at a low switching frequency to compensate for grid current harmonics. Simulation results show the design has better dynamic response and tracking under unbalanced grid conditions compared to other existing rectifier topologies.
Analysis of distance protection relay in presence of static synchronous compe...IAEME Publication
This document analyzes the impact of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on distance protection relays for transmission lines. It presents a simulation of a 400kV, 300km transmission line with a 100MVA STATCOM at the midpoint and distance relays at each end. The simulation shows that the STATCOM affects the impedance seen by the relays during faults, as it injects current and alters line parameters. Traditional relay settings based solely on line impedance may not operate correctly with a STATCOM present. The document discusses modeling of the transmission line, STATCOM, and distance relays in MATLAB/Simulink to study their performance under normal and fault conditions with the STATCOM.
IRJET- Performance Improvement for Distance Relay based Fuzzy Logic for All P...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study that uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm to design a three-phase distance relay with fuzzy logic for fault detection and classification in overhead transmission lines.
2) The ANFIS generates a fuzzy system with two parts - the first detects faults by measuring voltage and current to calculate impedance, while the second determines fault location and type based on peak current values.
3) Simulation results showed the fuzzy logic distance relay successfully distinguished faults from disturbances, determined protection zones, and identified fault locations and types using data from a model of a 400kV transmission line in MATLAB/Simulink.
Three zone detection and distance relay co-ordination of power system protect...IJECEIAES
To secure the transmission lines against power system faults, the distance relays are mostly used. Distance relay has its own resistance (R)-reactance (X)-characteristics. Co-ordination of different distance relays is necessary for the fast operation of circuit breaker. Various distance relays which are being tripped with respect to circuit breakers which are attached at individual buses faraway from each other. These relays will be operated with respect to the distance between the occurred fault and relay location. In this paper, detection of three zones using relay characteristics, co-ordination of distance relays and circuit breakers are shown with the faults placed at different locations of an IEEE 9 bus system using MATLAB/Simulink GUI environment. A comparison also made between the relays performance and circuit breaker tripping operation with respect to severe faults at different locations on IEEE 9 bus system.
Modelling and Testing of a Numerical Pilot Distance Relay for Compensated Tra...MohammadMomani26
Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technologies are wildly used in the high voltage and extra-high voltage AC transmission systems to control the power flow. The existence of FACTS devices in the transmission lines makes a misoperation of the traditional distance relay. In this paper, a new special pilot distance protection scheme is presented for any compensated transmission line. This scheme is valid for any type of FACTS device (shunt, series, and compound) and different operation points (capacitive mode or inductive mode). The proposed scheme is modeled and tested in MATLAB 2020a/Simulink. The model includes a fault detection algorithm, phase selection, measured impedance, and five zones mho characteristic. The proposed scheme includes two additional reversed zones with the three traditional zones. The model is verified under deferent fault scenarios, including single-line to ground faults, double-line faults, double-line to ground faults, and three-phase faults. The results show the model robustness for different FACTS devices, including Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) as examples on the shunt, series, and compound FACTS devices respectively. All results show that the relay operates correctly under different FACTD device locations, different types of faults, different types of FACTS devices, and different operation points.
IRJET- Design a Fuzzy Distance Relay Including STATCOM EffectsIRJET Journal
This document discusses how the presence of a STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) can negatively impact the performance of a distance relay used to protect transmission lines. The authors use MATLAB/PSAT to model a sample power system with a transmission line protected by a distance relay. They simulate faults on the line with and without a STATCOM present and observe how the STATCOM causes issues like under-reach and over-reach for the relay. To address this, they propose designing a new fuzzy logic-based distance relay that accounts for the effects of STATCOM compensation to more accurately detect faults.
IRJET- Voltage Profile and Loss Reduction Enhancement by Optimal Placement of...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method to reduce losses and improve voltage profiles in active radial distribution networks by optimally placing distributed generation (DG) and DSTATCOM devices. The methodology is tested on the IEEE 69-bus system in MATLAB. DG such as solar PV and wind are optimally located to minimize losses using loss sensitivity factors and voltage deviation. DSTATCOM is also optimally placed to maintain bus voltages within limits by providing reactive power support along with the DG. The results show reductions in losses and improvements in voltage profiles.
Double Circuit Transmission Line Protection using Line Trap & Artificial Neur...IRJET Journal
This document presents a technique for protecting double circuit transmission lines using line traps and artificial neural networks. Line traps are placed at the terminals of the protected line to detect faults based on high frequency transients. An artificial neural network is trained using the RMS voltage and current signals to classify fault types. MATLAB simulation studies were conducted to model a 300km, 25kV, 50Hz transmission system with three zones. RMS measurements from one end were used to train the neural network to classify faults. The neural network approach provides fast, secure and reliable protection for double circuit transmission lines.
This document presents a novel technique for fault detection and classification on double circuit transmission lines using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The technique uses high frequency transients caused by faults to identify internal and external faults. ANNs with suitable numbers of neurons are used to analyze voltage and current signals and decompose them to identify faults. Extensive simulation studies show the proposed approach can accurately discriminate between internal and external faults, providing fast, effective, and efficient protection. The document describes modeling a double circuit transmission line system in MATLAB, selecting ANN input/output parameters, developing a 3-layer 45-neuron ANN structure, and presenting simulation results demonstrating the ANN can detect and classify different fault types within a few milliseconds.
IRJET- Study Over Current Relay (MCGG53) Response using Matlab ModelIRJET Journal
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Impact Analysis of Midpoint Connected STATCOM on Distance Relay PerformanceRadita Apriana
This paper presents the impact of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on the
performance of distance protection of EHV transmission lines. A 400kV transmission system having
midpoint connected STATCOM with its control circuit is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The
impact of STATCOM on distance relay for different fault conditions and different fault locations is analyzed.
Simulation results indicate that the presence of the STATCOM in the transmission system significantly
changes the line impedance seen by the distance relay to be lower or higher than the actual line
impedance. Due to this the performance of the distance relay changes, either overreaches or under
reaches.
IRJET- Design and Testing of 10W SSPA based S Band Transmitting ModuleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of a 10W SSPA-based S-band transmitting module for use in a multifunction phased array radar system. The module consists of three amplification stages - a pre-driver, driver, and power amplifier. Each stage was simulated in Agilent ADS software to optimize impedance matching and ensure stability. A CREE GaN HEMT was selected as the power amplifier due to its high gain and efficiency capabilities. The fabricated module was tested using a vector network analyzer to validate the S-parameter measurements meet specifications.
Distance Protection Scheme for Series Compensated Transmission LinesIJERA Editor
This document presents a new distance protection scheme for series compensated transmission lines based on mutual impedance between phases. Conventional distance protection using positive sequence impedance can cause maloperation in series compensated lines due to changes in fault impedance. The proposed scheme calculates mutual impedance between the relay and fault point using voltages and currents from both line ends. Simulation results approve the efficiency of this method for protecting series compensated lines against single and double phase faults. The mutual impedance is not affected by series compensation, providing reliable backup protection.
IRJET- Voltage Stability, Loadability and Contingency Analysis with Optimal I...IRJET Journal
This document discusses contingency analysis and optimal placement of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) using continuation power flow analysis to improve voltage stability and loadability. It presents a methodology to determine the optimal location and mix of different RDG technologies (solar, wind, fuel cells) on the IEEE 9-bus test system using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). Reactive power performance indices are calculated for different line contingencies to identify critical buses. The results show that optimally placing RDGs can enhance voltage stability and increase the maximum loadability point compared to the base case without RDGs.
IRJET- Optimization of Loss Reduction using FACTS Device (SVC & STATCOM) ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of power losses in extra high voltage transmission systems using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices like SVC and STATCOM. It analyzes power losses that occur due to line resistance and current flow. FACTS devices can control parameters like line reactance to reduce losses and enhance power transfer capability. The study models and simulates placement of TCSC FACTS devices on IEEE 9-bus, 14-bus and 30-bus test systems. Results show TCSC placement reduces total real power losses by 6.7-17% depending on the test system. Optimal TCSC location is determined as the line with maximum power losses.
IRJET- Overhead Line Protection with Automatic Switch by using PLC AutomationIRJET Journal
This document describes a system to automatically protect overhead transmission lines from overload faults using a PLC-controlled air break switch. The system monitors current on the line using a sensor and can open the switch if overload is detected. This allows faulty sections to be isolated without interrupting the whole line. The automatic switch provides remote operation and is more reliable than conventional manual switches. It aims to quickly detect and resolve overload problems through automation using a PLC to control the switch based on current readings.
Cetc11 - Wireless Magnetic Based Sensor System For Vehicles ClassificationNokia Networks
This paper presents a full pre-industrial prototype implementation of an innovative system capable to
detects vehicles and classify them. This work study the architecture of a full autonomous road sensor
network that count and classify passing vehicles, reducing the impact of conventional wired systems in
roads, by dramatically reducing their installation and operational costs. The power supply can be supported
either by solar harvest or by none rechargeable batteries. For communications the IEEE 802.15.4 with
ZigBee on top are used to transmit digitalized vehicle’s magnetic analogue signatures up to a vehicles
classification server. This information is acquired using a magnetometer translating in voltage the variation
of the natural magnetic field of the earth caused by ferromagnetic components of a vehicle passing over the
sensor. Results show clearly that it is possible to distinguish vehicles magnetic signatures per model and
class even at different speeds.
IRJET- A Unique Methodology for Transmission Line Breakage Detection and ...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for detecting transmission line breakages and alerting relevant parties. The system uses voltage sensors along transmission lines to continuously monitor voltages between sections. If a rapid voltage change is detected between two sections, a signal is sent to trip the power supply and alert the public via buzzers. Data is communicated between sections using wireless sensor networks. The system is simulated using a PIC microcontroller and results are displayed on an LCD screen and transmitted to peripherals. The goal of the system is to quickly detect broken power lines to prevent electrical accidents and power outages.
ANALYSIS OF POWER WIRE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMIRJET Journal
This document analyzes a power wire communication system for transmitting sensor data and control signals over existing power lines in vehicles. It discusses:
- Using power lines to transmit data can reduce wiring complexity, weight, and costs compared to additional signal wires.
- The system transmits data from sensors to a receiver module via the power wire. It includes a transmitter board connected to sensors and a receiver board connected to the control module.
- Experimental results show the system can successfully transmit data with some noise filtering required. Future applications include use in electric vehicles and solar power systems to minimize wiring.
This document presents a novel methodology for fault section estimation in power systems. The methodology uses protective device settings and a search algorithm to identify isolated sections. It considers changes in network topology caused by protective devices operating. The methodology calculates a fault reference value for each section based on relay settings and topology. It then calculates the deviation between this reference and the actual weights based on operated protections to identify the most likely fault sections. The result provides operators a prioritized list of fault candidates to assist with decision making during disturbances. The methodology uses intrinsic system information rather than uncertainties used in other existing methods.
Reconfiguration and Capacitor Placement in Najaf Distribution Networks Sector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses reconfiguring distribution networks and optimally placing capacitors in Najaf, Iraq's distribution systems to improve performance. It provides background on distribution system design using software like CYM_Dist to minimize losses through reconfiguration and reactive power support. The document outlines the proposed methodology, which includes load allocation, network reconfiguration to reduce losses while respecting constraints, and identifying optimal capacitor placement and sizing. It reviews relevant literature on techniques like sensitivity analysis and heuristic optimization for reconfiguration and capacitor placement. The methodology is then applied to the 11kV Al Jamiea distribution system in Najaf as a case study.
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
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A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
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This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
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3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
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P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
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Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
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Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
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React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
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This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.