This document describes the design and fabrication of a waste food composting machine. The machine aims to 1) enhance the composting process, 2) improve composting machine performance, and 3) provide a more economical and less complex solution to waste management. The machine will convert waste food into nitrogen-rich organic manure or compost quickly using a noise-free, odourless, portable, and efficient design. Key factors that affect the composting process, such as carbon-nitrogen ratio, oxygen, moisture, and temperature, are discussed. The designed machine is a semi-automatic and compact machine that shreds waste food input and uses microorganisms to break it down into compost output in
IRJET- Fabrication & Prototype of Portable Compost MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a portable compost machine. Composting is a process by which microorganisms break down organic waste into humus. The authors designed a machine to facilitate household composting and reduce waste accumulation. They discuss factors that affect composting such as aeration, nutrients, moisture, surface area, temperature, and time. Food waste is a growing global problem, and composting provides a sustainable solution by recycling organic materials into fertilizer. The portable compost machine was created to make composting more accessible and reduce waste sent to landfills.
Determination of the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Measurement of the Biodive...Shariful Islam
Soil organic carbon is one of the important elements and the major component of the soil. A complex biogeochemical cycle in the soil mostly dependent on the soil organic carbon (SOC). However, this experimental method measure the soil organic carbon in the Chandpai range, Sundarbans. The research has been found the soil organic carbon at very low portion in the study area and the different diversity index of different study plots of the forest. The sampling area contaminated with oil spill and affected by different human activities. Most of the studied focused on the different parameters of the forest soil such as soil pH, soil water holdings capacity, soil moisture etc. However, this study analyzes the soil to measure the soil organic carbon and calculate the biodiversity index in the Sundarbans
Vermicomposting: A Superlative For Soil, Plant, and Environmentx3G9
1) The document discusses vermicomposting as a way to convert organic wastes into a valuable fertilizer using earthworms.
2) It describes how vermicompost has higher nutrient content than chemical fertilizers and improves soil properties like structure, moisture-holding capacity and microbial activity.
3) Experiments showed that applying vermicompost produced from food waste enhanced the growth and yield of crops like ladyfinger and potatoes compared to chemical fertilizers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Forest resources provide many benefits but are threatened by deforestation, mining, dams and unsustainable timber extraction. Forests give shelter, wood, and raw materials while improving air, water, soil and climate. Deforestation due to shifting cultivation, commercial logging, and infrastructure expansion damages the environment through soil erosion, reduced rainfall, biodiversity loss and increased carbon emissions. Sustainable practices like community forests and limiting production can help conserve forests. Water, food and land are other vital natural resources that require balanced management to support communities and environment.
Soil organic matter A presentation by Mr.Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
- Soil organic matter (SOM) encompasses all organic components in soil, including living organisms, fresh residues, and well-decomposed residues known as humus. SOM content in agricultural soils is typically 1-6% and provides numerous benefits to soil health.
- Fresh residues and decomposing organic matter are broken down by soil organisms, transforming plants materials into stable humus. Humus acts like a sponge, holding water and nutrients, and helps maintain good soil structure.
- Maintaining adequate levels of SOM through practices like proper fertilization, crop rotations, and returning crop residues can improve soil quality by
Soil Organic Matter Content and Restoring Soil carbon Levels MutyaluSheshu
This document summarizes a master seminar presentation on managing organic matter content and restoring carbon levels in soil. It discusses the origin and nature of soil organic matter. The processes of decomposition are influenced by temperature, moisture, soil reaction, and nutrients. A proper C:N ratio is important for decomposition. Organic matter improves soil fertility through its effects on physical, chemical, and biological properties. Estimates show that large areas of Indian land are affected by soil degradation. Organic farming leads to higher nutrient availability and more microorganisms compared to chemical farming. Techniques for restoring carbon levels include conservation agriculture, agroforestry, and afforestation. Different regions of India have varying levels of soil organic carbon.
Effect of vermicompost on nutrient uptake and their influence on biochemicalIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the effect of different soil amendments (inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure, and vermicompost) on the nutrient uptake and biochemical parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. The study found that plants treated with vermicompost had higher uptake of macro and micronutrients as well as higher levels of growth-related compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, and chlorophyll compared to plants treated with inorganic fertilizer or farmyard manure. The results indicate that vermicompost is more effective at enhancing plant nutrient content and biochemical properties than other soil amendments tested.
IRJET- Fabrication & Prototype of Portable Compost MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a portable compost machine. Composting is a process by which microorganisms break down organic waste into humus. The authors designed a machine to facilitate household composting and reduce waste accumulation. They discuss factors that affect composting such as aeration, nutrients, moisture, surface area, temperature, and time. Food waste is a growing global problem, and composting provides a sustainable solution by recycling organic materials into fertilizer. The portable compost machine was created to make composting more accessible and reduce waste sent to landfills.
Determination of the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Measurement of the Biodive...Shariful Islam
Soil organic carbon is one of the important elements and the major component of the soil. A complex biogeochemical cycle in the soil mostly dependent on the soil organic carbon (SOC). However, this experimental method measure the soil organic carbon in the Chandpai range, Sundarbans. The research has been found the soil organic carbon at very low portion in the study area and the different diversity index of different study plots of the forest. The sampling area contaminated with oil spill and affected by different human activities. Most of the studied focused on the different parameters of the forest soil such as soil pH, soil water holdings capacity, soil moisture etc. However, this study analyzes the soil to measure the soil organic carbon and calculate the biodiversity index in the Sundarbans
Vermicomposting: A Superlative For Soil, Plant, and Environmentx3G9
1) The document discusses vermicomposting as a way to convert organic wastes into a valuable fertilizer using earthworms.
2) It describes how vermicompost has higher nutrient content than chemical fertilizers and improves soil properties like structure, moisture-holding capacity and microbial activity.
3) Experiments showed that applying vermicompost produced from food waste enhanced the growth and yield of crops like ladyfinger and potatoes compared to chemical fertilizers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Forest resources provide many benefits but are threatened by deforestation, mining, dams and unsustainable timber extraction. Forests give shelter, wood, and raw materials while improving air, water, soil and climate. Deforestation due to shifting cultivation, commercial logging, and infrastructure expansion damages the environment through soil erosion, reduced rainfall, biodiversity loss and increased carbon emissions. Sustainable practices like community forests and limiting production can help conserve forests. Water, food and land are other vital natural resources that require balanced management to support communities and environment.
Soil organic matter A presentation by Mr.Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
- Soil organic matter (SOM) encompasses all organic components in soil, including living organisms, fresh residues, and well-decomposed residues known as humus. SOM content in agricultural soils is typically 1-6% and provides numerous benefits to soil health.
- Fresh residues and decomposing organic matter are broken down by soil organisms, transforming plants materials into stable humus. Humus acts like a sponge, holding water and nutrients, and helps maintain good soil structure.
- Maintaining adequate levels of SOM through practices like proper fertilization, crop rotations, and returning crop residues can improve soil quality by
Soil Organic Matter Content and Restoring Soil carbon Levels MutyaluSheshu
This document summarizes a master seminar presentation on managing organic matter content and restoring carbon levels in soil. It discusses the origin and nature of soil organic matter. The processes of decomposition are influenced by temperature, moisture, soil reaction, and nutrients. A proper C:N ratio is important for decomposition. Organic matter improves soil fertility through its effects on physical, chemical, and biological properties. Estimates show that large areas of Indian land are affected by soil degradation. Organic farming leads to higher nutrient availability and more microorganisms compared to chemical farming. Techniques for restoring carbon levels include conservation agriculture, agroforestry, and afforestation. Different regions of India have varying levels of soil organic carbon.
Effect of vermicompost on nutrient uptake and their influence on biochemicalIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the effect of different soil amendments (inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure, and vermicompost) on the nutrient uptake and biochemical parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. The study found that plants treated with vermicompost had higher uptake of macro and micronutrients as well as higher levels of growth-related compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, and chlorophyll compared to plants treated with inorganic fertilizer or farmyard manure. The results indicate that vermicompost is more effective at enhancing plant nutrient content and biochemical properties than other soil amendments tested.
This document provides guidance on sustainable turf care practices that reduce stress on turf and promote a healthy soil environment. Some key points:
- Maintaining healthy soil with beneficial microorganisms is important for turf health. Adding compost is recommended to support soil life and provide balanced, slow-release nutrients.
- Mature, nutrient-rich compost that has fully decomposed supports soil biology and suppresses diseases. It should be applied based on soil tests and turf nutrient needs.
- Proper nitrogen levels are important for vigor. Cool-season grasses are fertilized in spring/fall; warm-season grasses in late spring/summer. Cultural practices like aeration also reduce stress.
Physical fractionation techniques have often relied on the breakdown of soil structure into its textural classes or density fractions in order to study SOM dynamics. This appears to be inappropriate for investigating how soil structure is maintained. The bonding agents responsible for structure have been well defined, although the effects of farming systems on them are not fully understood. Techniques which can rapidly assess the impacts of management on bonding agents and structure are required in order to develop sustainable farming systems.
Judicious use of bio-wastes can re-carbonize the biosphere, restore degraded soils and improve soil health, produce biofuels and other value addition industrial byproducts, and improve the environment. In this context, the importance of recycling bio-wastes (e.g., agricultural, municipal and industrial) to restore soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and stock and improve soil health cannot be over-emphasized. Crop residues, 510-836 Tg yr-1. are a major source of Carbon, plant nutrients, biofuels and industrial raw materials.There is a strong need of enhancing the awareness about proper disposal and use of bio-wastes through environmental education.
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter. It states that soil organic matter affects chemical and physical soil properties and overall health. It is made up of living and dead biomass and humus. Soil organic matter content typically ranges from 1-6% and provides benefits like improved structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. Maintaining or increasing soil organic matter through practices like reduced tillage, cover crops, and reducing erosion can improve soil quality and sustainability.
Land pollution is caused by various human activities such as deforestation, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, mining, waste disposal, and urbanization. This damages soils and converts land surfaces. Specific causes discussed are inefficient land use, soil pollution from chemicals, and land conversion. Effects include threats to biodiversity from habitat loss, climate impacts from loss of forests, and bioaccumulation of toxics up the food chain. Preventive measures proposed are reducing toxic materials, recycling waste, using organic products, growing more trees, and proper waste management. A case study examines high levels of land degradation and wastelands in Maharashtra, India due to acquisition, alkalinity, and quarrying. Government programs aim to
This document discusses methods for estimating soil organic carbon in forest ecosystems. It describes how organic matter makes up a small percentage of soil but plays an important role in soil functions. Approximately 58% of organic matter is carbon, so measuring organic matter content can estimate organic carbon levels. Several methods are presented, including using bulk density measurements and a titration method to determine the percentage of organic carbon in soils. Soil organic carbon is then calculated based on the carbon concentration, bulk density, and soil depth.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It begins by describing the beauty of forests and the need to protect biodiversity. It then defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including the number of plant and animal species, genetic diversity within species, and different ecosystems. The document outlines the ecological, economic, and cultural importance of biodiversity. It also discusses the main threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of resources. The document provides suggestions for how individuals can help conserve biodiversity, such as through sustainable consumption and habitat protection on private lands. It concludes by emphasizing the need to question assumptions that harm the environment and instead promote sustainability.
The document summarizes a study on the effects of solid waste dumping on the geo-environment in Bilaspur, India. It finds that:
1) Solid waste dumping at an abandoned stone quarry site for 20 months generated large volumes of waste and contaminated nearby groundwater and rivers through leachate formation.
2) Hazardous landfill gases like methane were observed to form and biodiversity was reduced at the dumping site, making the soil unusable for agriculture.
3) The case study highlights the negative impacts of improper waste disposal on soil quality, groundwater, and surrounding ecosystems. Effective waste management and disposal methods are needed to protect the geo-environment.
Effects of Soil Organic Matter in the Soil, Benefits of soil organic matter, Amount of Soil organic matter, Maintenance or improvement of SOM, Factors affecting formation and decomposition of SOM
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
The document discusses the concepts and goals of ecological restoration. It provides examples of restoration projects including restoring forests, prairies, wetlands, and bodies of water like the Everglades and Chesapeake Bay. Restoration aims to reverse degradation and reestablish ecosystems by removing stressors, controlling invasives, and replanting native species.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
The document discusses soil health management in Kerala. It notes that soil health cards are provided to farmers to evaluate soil quality based on physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The cards are intended to help farmers monitor soil health and make informed management decisions. They provide information on soil type, nutrients, pH, and recommendations to improve soil quality. The overall goal is to support sustainable land management and increase agricultural productivity.
The document discusses the effect of chemical composition of plant residues on nitrogen mineralization in soil. It presents findings from several case studies and research papers. The chemical composition of different plant residues like lignin, polyphenols and C:N ratio affects their decomposition rate and impacts nitrogen mineralization. Plant residues high in nitrogen and low in lignin and polyphenols decompose faster, releasing nitrogen for plant uptake. The studies show crop residues and tree leaves with higher lignin and polyphenol content immobilize soil nitrogen during decomposition.
This document provides an overview of restoration ecology and ecological restoration. It discusses key concepts like ecosystem structure and function, disturbance and succession, resistance and resilience, fragmentation and reference ecosystems. It also describes the need for restoration ecology due to increasing threatened species. As a case study, it outlines mangrove restoration efforts in Andhra Pradesh, India from 1997-2004 that were aimed at regenerating degraded mangrove forests through activities like digging canals to reduce salinity and planting mangrove saplings. Measurement of the project's success included regrowth of indigenous species and self-sustainability of the restored ecosystems.
Increased co2 effect on crop production tam 2013-25Vijay Kumar
Elevated carbon dioxide levels can have both positive and negative effects on crop production. Increased CO2 is expected to increase photosynthesis and growth through "carbon dioxide fertilization," but may decrease nutrient content. Experiments show higher CO2 can increase plant biomass, leaf area, and water use efficiency while decreasing stomatal conductance. However, protein and mineral concentrations tend to decrease with rising CO2. While yields often rise, harvest index and food quality may decline. Both benefits and risks of increasing atmospheric CO2 on agriculture require further study.
This document defines and categorizes different types of bio-resources that can be used by humans for food, materials, and energy. It provides examples of primary bio-resources like wood, grain and algae and secondary bio-resources like fruit residues. The document also discusses environmental degradation caused by factors such as population growth, economic activity and technology use, which leads to issues like water scarcity and habitat destruction. Water degradation and shortage is a major component of this, as only a small percentage of Earth's water is available as freshwater for human use.
IRJET- Rotary Drum Composting of Flower WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on composting flower waste using a rotary drum technique. Flower waste was collected from temples in Surat, India and mixed with cow dung, sawdust, and wheat bran in a rotary drum composter. Two trials with different ratios of ingredients were conducted over 45 days. Physicochemical parameters like temperature, pH, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were evaluated throughout the process. Both trials produced stable compost within 6-7 weeks with pH between 6.5-7.5 and carbon reduced by 22-33%. The compost was found to have increased potassium and phosphorus levels, making it a suitable organic fertilizer for agricultural use.
This document summarizes the composting process. It describes how microorganisms decompose organic materials through aerobic respiration, generating heat and reducing the volume and mass. The key factors that affect composting are then outlined as oxygen and aeration, carbon to nitrogen ratio, moisture, particle size, temperature, and time. Optimal conditions for each factor are provided. The document concludes by describing the curing stage and explaining how compost improves soil quality more than providing nutrients.
This document provides guidance on sustainable turf care practices that reduce stress on turf and promote a healthy soil environment. Some key points:
- Maintaining healthy soil with beneficial microorganisms is important for turf health. Adding compost is recommended to support soil life and provide balanced, slow-release nutrients.
- Mature, nutrient-rich compost that has fully decomposed supports soil biology and suppresses diseases. It should be applied based on soil tests and turf nutrient needs.
- Proper nitrogen levels are important for vigor. Cool-season grasses are fertilized in spring/fall; warm-season grasses in late spring/summer. Cultural practices like aeration also reduce stress.
Physical fractionation techniques have often relied on the breakdown of soil structure into its textural classes or density fractions in order to study SOM dynamics. This appears to be inappropriate for investigating how soil structure is maintained. The bonding agents responsible for structure have been well defined, although the effects of farming systems on them are not fully understood. Techniques which can rapidly assess the impacts of management on bonding agents and structure are required in order to develop sustainable farming systems.
Judicious use of bio-wastes can re-carbonize the biosphere, restore degraded soils and improve soil health, produce biofuels and other value addition industrial byproducts, and improve the environment. In this context, the importance of recycling bio-wastes (e.g., agricultural, municipal and industrial) to restore soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and stock and improve soil health cannot be over-emphasized. Crop residues, 510-836 Tg yr-1. are a major source of Carbon, plant nutrients, biofuels and industrial raw materials.There is a strong need of enhancing the awareness about proper disposal and use of bio-wastes through environmental education.
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter. It states that soil organic matter affects chemical and physical soil properties and overall health. It is made up of living and dead biomass and humus. Soil organic matter content typically ranges from 1-6% and provides benefits like improved structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. Maintaining or increasing soil organic matter through practices like reduced tillage, cover crops, and reducing erosion can improve soil quality and sustainability.
Land pollution is caused by various human activities such as deforestation, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, mining, waste disposal, and urbanization. This damages soils and converts land surfaces. Specific causes discussed are inefficient land use, soil pollution from chemicals, and land conversion. Effects include threats to biodiversity from habitat loss, climate impacts from loss of forests, and bioaccumulation of toxics up the food chain. Preventive measures proposed are reducing toxic materials, recycling waste, using organic products, growing more trees, and proper waste management. A case study examines high levels of land degradation and wastelands in Maharashtra, India due to acquisition, alkalinity, and quarrying. Government programs aim to
This document discusses methods for estimating soil organic carbon in forest ecosystems. It describes how organic matter makes up a small percentage of soil but plays an important role in soil functions. Approximately 58% of organic matter is carbon, so measuring organic matter content can estimate organic carbon levels. Several methods are presented, including using bulk density measurements and a titration method to determine the percentage of organic carbon in soils. Soil organic carbon is then calculated based on the carbon concentration, bulk density, and soil depth.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It begins by describing the beauty of forests and the need to protect biodiversity. It then defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including the number of plant and animal species, genetic diversity within species, and different ecosystems. The document outlines the ecological, economic, and cultural importance of biodiversity. It also discusses the main threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of resources. The document provides suggestions for how individuals can help conserve biodiversity, such as through sustainable consumption and habitat protection on private lands. It concludes by emphasizing the need to question assumptions that harm the environment and instead promote sustainability.
The document summarizes a study on the effects of solid waste dumping on the geo-environment in Bilaspur, India. It finds that:
1) Solid waste dumping at an abandoned stone quarry site for 20 months generated large volumes of waste and contaminated nearby groundwater and rivers through leachate formation.
2) Hazardous landfill gases like methane were observed to form and biodiversity was reduced at the dumping site, making the soil unusable for agriculture.
3) The case study highlights the negative impacts of improper waste disposal on soil quality, groundwater, and surrounding ecosystems. Effective waste management and disposal methods are needed to protect the geo-environment.
Effects of Soil Organic Matter in the Soil, Benefits of soil organic matter, Amount of Soil organic matter, Maintenance or improvement of SOM, Factors affecting formation and decomposition of SOM
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
The document discusses the concepts and goals of ecological restoration. It provides examples of restoration projects including restoring forests, prairies, wetlands, and bodies of water like the Everglades and Chesapeake Bay. Restoration aims to reverse degradation and reestablish ecosystems by removing stressors, controlling invasives, and replanting native species.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
The document discusses soil health management in Kerala. It notes that soil health cards are provided to farmers to evaluate soil quality based on physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The cards are intended to help farmers monitor soil health and make informed management decisions. They provide information on soil type, nutrients, pH, and recommendations to improve soil quality. The overall goal is to support sustainable land management and increase agricultural productivity.
The document discusses the effect of chemical composition of plant residues on nitrogen mineralization in soil. It presents findings from several case studies and research papers. The chemical composition of different plant residues like lignin, polyphenols and C:N ratio affects their decomposition rate and impacts nitrogen mineralization. Plant residues high in nitrogen and low in lignin and polyphenols decompose faster, releasing nitrogen for plant uptake. The studies show crop residues and tree leaves with higher lignin and polyphenol content immobilize soil nitrogen during decomposition.
This document provides an overview of restoration ecology and ecological restoration. It discusses key concepts like ecosystem structure and function, disturbance and succession, resistance and resilience, fragmentation and reference ecosystems. It also describes the need for restoration ecology due to increasing threatened species. As a case study, it outlines mangrove restoration efforts in Andhra Pradesh, India from 1997-2004 that were aimed at regenerating degraded mangrove forests through activities like digging canals to reduce salinity and planting mangrove saplings. Measurement of the project's success included regrowth of indigenous species and self-sustainability of the restored ecosystems.
Increased co2 effect on crop production tam 2013-25Vijay Kumar
Elevated carbon dioxide levels can have both positive and negative effects on crop production. Increased CO2 is expected to increase photosynthesis and growth through "carbon dioxide fertilization," but may decrease nutrient content. Experiments show higher CO2 can increase plant biomass, leaf area, and water use efficiency while decreasing stomatal conductance. However, protein and mineral concentrations tend to decrease with rising CO2. While yields often rise, harvest index and food quality may decline. Both benefits and risks of increasing atmospheric CO2 on agriculture require further study.
This document defines and categorizes different types of bio-resources that can be used by humans for food, materials, and energy. It provides examples of primary bio-resources like wood, grain and algae and secondary bio-resources like fruit residues. The document also discusses environmental degradation caused by factors such as population growth, economic activity and technology use, which leads to issues like water scarcity and habitat destruction. Water degradation and shortage is a major component of this, as only a small percentage of Earth's water is available as freshwater for human use.
IRJET- Rotary Drum Composting of Flower WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on composting flower waste using a rotary drum technique. Flower waste was collected from temples in Surat, India and mixed with cow dung, sawdust, and wheat bran in a rotary drum composter. Two trials with different ratios of ingredients were conducted over 45 days. Physicochemical parameters like temperature, pH, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were evaluated throughout the process. Both trials produced stable compost within 6-7 weeks with pH between 6.5-7.5 and carbon reduced by 22-33%. The compost was found to have increased potassium and phosphorus levels, making it a suitable organic fertilizer for agricultural use.
This document summarizes the composting process. It describes how microorganisms decompose organic materials through aerobic respiration, generating heat and reducing the volume and mass. The key factors that affect composting are then outlined as oxygen and aeration, carbon to nitrogen ratio, moisture, particle size, temperature, and time. Optimal conditions for each factor are provided. The document concludes by describing the curing stage and explaining how compost improves soil quality more than providing nutrients.
This document discusses several sustainable methods for refuse and waste disposal at the local level, including landfills, on-site burial, composting, biogas plants, incineration, and manure pits. It provides details on each method, such as how composting and biogas plants work, types of incinerators, and manure handling systems. The document also discusses sources of waste, types of waste, and land disposal methods as well as their environmental impacts.
Environmental Pollution, Global Climate Change and Biodiversity Management approaches
current status of pollution levels (air, soil and water), strategies implied to curb the problem (particularly in India) and recent research carried in different parts of the world. Mitigation and adaption approach to climate change.
Vermiculture techniques and advantagesSabin Dhakal
This document provides information about different types of composting, including bin composting, tumbler composting, sheet composting, anaerobic composting, and vermicomposting. It discusses materials that can and cannot be composted, how to determine when compost is finished, and the benefits of various composting methods. Vermicomposting, or composting with worms, is described as harnessing worms to convert organic materials into usable compost and fertilizer, with earthworms improving soil structure, aeration, moisture retention, and nutrient content.
This document discusses the environmental benefits of organic farming compared to conventional agriculture. Organic farming practices minimize environmental pollution by avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. This reduces impacts on biodiversity, air and water quality, and climate change. Specifically, organic farming supports more species diversity on farms and in surrounding areas. It also decreases greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of water and soil through reduced chemical inputs and tighter nutrient cycles. While organic farming may not always outperform conventional agriculture economically, the document argues that its environmental benefits warrant further comparison through life cycle assessments.
Environmental Benefits of Organic Farming - ISALSx3G9
This document discusses the environmental benefits of organic farming compared to conventional agriculture. Organic farming practices minimize environmental pollution by avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. This reduces impacts on biodiversity, air and water quality, and climate change. Specifically, organic farming supports more species diversity on farms and in surrounding areas. It also decreases greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of water and soil through reduced chemical inputs and tighter nutrient cycles. While organic farming may not always outperform conventional agriculture economically, the document argues that its environmental benefits warrant further consideration and study through methods like life cycle assessment.
We provide advanced composting technologies and quality compost turners for our dearest customers all over the world. website: http://www.compost-turner.net
La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación acaba de publicar un informe en el que se señala la importancia de carbono orgánico de los suelos orientado a los decisores políticos y que se presentará en la próxima reunión de la UNFCCC sobre cambio climático que se celebrará en París (COP21).
Resources and its classification, Natural Resources and associated problems, forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, energy resources, soil resources, ecosystem.
This document discusses the concept of vertical farming as a solution to sustainably feed the growing global population. Vertical farms would grow crops in stacked layers inside buildings rather than horizontally across land. They use techniques like hydroponics and aeroponics to maximize yields. Some key benefits outlined include year-round local food production, reduced land and water usage, lower emissions from reduced transport, and protection from extreme weather. The document examines goals, considerations, limitations and case studies of potential vertical farm designs.
Perlite supplies the ideal balance between air and water in addition to the c...MaqsoodKhalid3
Perlite supplies the ideal balance between air and water in addition to the characteristic of keeping water and fertilizer to ensure the plant's needs. It is used by mixing it with soil at different rates according to the kind of soil (sand-mud) as for the upper layer of soil with enough depth to cover the roots of plants as for trees or shrubs as a rate vary from %15-30 of the result of dig.
Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compostijtsrd
Agricultural activities tend to generate a substantial volume of animal and crop residues. Composting is the most economical and ecologically sustainable option to manage farmyard waste. However, it takes approximately three months to complete decomposition and contains lower plant nutrient percentages than inorganic fertilisers. This study aimed to reduce the decomposition time and improve the nutrient content of compost. Aerobic decomposition was enhanced by aeration inside the pile using a blower with 0.5 l min kg airflow. Paddy straw, poultry manure, goat manure, cattle manure and paddy husk ash were mixed in 3 1 1 1 1 ratio respectively as the raw materials and 3 of Eppawala Rock Phosphate was added to the mixture in weight basis. Six piles 150 X 100 X 80 cm were prepared, and three piles were aerated for six hours per day while other three piles were left to decompose under the ambient condition as the control. According to the results, aerated and control piles took 35 days and 65 days to complete the decomposition. Total N, available P, exchangeable K, C N ratio, pH, EC and CEC were analysed in compost samples from aerated after 35 days and controls, and the results were, 20.5 g kg 1, 1.8 g kg 1, 10.4 g kg 1, 7, 8.8, 4.3 mS cm 1, 19.3 cmol kg 1 and 17.8 g kg 1, 1.5 g kg 1, 9.9 g kg 1, 8.5, 8.8, 3.64 mS cm 1, 21.3 cmol kg 1 respectively. Data were analysed using SAS 9.0 software with a 95 confidence interval. The results revealed a significant increment in total N, exchangeable K, C N ratio, EC and CEC in aerated piles compared to controls. And the nutrient composition of both methods was significantly higher than the commercial compost. Therefore, it can be concluded that decomposition time can be effectively reduced and the nutrient level can be increased by artificial aeration and nutrient enrichment, respectively. However, further studies are recommended to study the economic feasibility. D. M. S. H. Dissanayaka | V. P. T. Dhananjaya | E. J. Kosgollegedara | S. Karthigayini "Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38557.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/38557/impact-of-improved-aeration-on-decomposition-rate-of-enriched-compost/d-m-s-h-dissanayaka
pptx containing information about noise, soil-solid waste pollution.
Also contains information about disaster management and sustainable development goals(SDG)
This document discusses soil pollution, its causes, effects, and methods for prevention and conservation. The main causes of soil pollution are industrial activity, agricultural activities, waste disposal, oil spills, and acid rain. Soil pollution can negatively impact human health by contaminating crops, decrease soil fertility and plant growth, and change the soil structure. Methods to prevent soil pollution include biological methods like crop rotation and forestry, mechanical methods like contour holding and bunds, and promoting organic farming. Conservation of soil involves maintaining soil fertility, controlling grazing, reforestation, terracing, and contour ploughing.
1) The document discusses vermicomposting as a way to convert organic wastes into a valuable fertilizer using earthworms.
2) It describes how vermicompost has higher nutrient content than chemical fertilizers and improves soil properties like structure, moisture-holding capacity and microbial activity.
3) Experiments showed that applying vermicompost produced from food waste enhanced the growth and yield of crops like ladyfinger and potatoes compared to chemical fertilizers.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
Similar to IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Waste Food Composting Machine (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity