- The document describes the design and development of an electric motorbike. It aims to provide an affordable and environmentally friendly transportation alternative.
- The key components of the electric motorbike include a mixed cradle frame, swingarm with a mounted brushless DC motor and controller, lithium-ion battery pack, chain drive power transmission, and mono coil spring suspension.
- Calculations are shown for determining the torque and power output of the brushless DC motor, specifications of the lithium-ion battery, gear ratios for the chain drive transmission, and dimensions of the electric motorbike frame.
EU-Cycle is a self balancing electric unicycle. A regular unicycle is powered by pedal and is balanced by a rider, whilst the EU-Cycle runs by an electric motor and balance by control system in the roll direction. The simple thing to do by rider is to lean forward for acceleration, to lean backward for braking. EU-Cycle is designed as to be a fast and portable means of transport among crowded area, home and office. Therefore, The EU-Cycle gives tough challenge to the unicycle. EU-Cycle has attracted print media including future stories in radio, television. Thus in addition to successful development of EU-Cycle in urban use, the project has to implement the EU-cycle as an educative device.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Hybrid Go-KartIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a hybrid go-kart. The hybrid go-kart uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to improve fuel efficiency. Testing showed the IC engine alone achieved 35km/liter, the electric motor alone achieved 15km on a full battery charge, and the hybrid system achieved 50km total. The hybrid go-kart was designed with a parallel hybrid configuration, using a 98cc 2-stroke gasoline engine and a 48V 1500W brushless DC electric motor. It was built with an open frame chassis and features such as disc brakes, a 3.75L fuel tank, and a 48V battery pack made of four 12V batteries. The hybrid system is
IRJET- Design Optimisation and Fabrication of Hybrid Two-Wheel Drive MotorcycleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and fabrication of a hybrid two-wheel drive motorcycle. The motorcycle uses an electric hub motor to power the front wheel for distances up to 25 km. For longer distances and higher speeds, a 50cc two-stroke petrol engine drives the rear wheel. A lithium-ion battery provides power to the front electric motor and can be recharged. Previous two-wheel drive motorcycle designs had issues with efficiency and complexity. The proposed hybrid design aims to address these issues through an independent electric front wheel drive and IC engine rear wheel drive with a switching mechanism. Testing showed the electric drive could attain 32 kmph and the IC engine drive could attain 37 kmph, with a battery range of 31 km
Self Power Generating Electrical BicycleIRJET Journal
This document describes a design for a self-power generating electrical bicycle. The bicycle generates its own power through a dynamo connected to the rear wheel and flywheel. This powers a motor that drives the rear wheel, eliminating the need for external charging. The system includes a DC generator, permanent magnet DC motor, flywheel for storing rotational energy, housing to connect components, and multi-crank freewheel to drive the rear wheel from the motor. This design aims to overcome limitations of electric bicycles that have a limited range from external battery charging.
This document describes the development of an electric bicycle called "DEMON". It has the following key features:
1. It upgrades a normal bicycle to an electric one through the addition of a BLDC motor, lithium-ion battery, and PIC controller.
2. The front suspension was redesigned with a "REDEMPTION SPRINGER FORK" to provide comfort while maintaining a retro style.
3. The PIC controller controls the electric components like the BLDC motor and protects the system from overcurrent or undervoltage.
4. The drivetrain allows the rider to switch between pedaling and using the motor's power through a gear mechanism.
The
Iaetsd a new multilevel inverter topology for fourIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes a new multilevel inverter topology for driving a four-pole induction motor. The topology uses four two-level inverters connected to the separated windings of the motor's stator to generate five voltage levels. This is done using a single DC link shared between the inverters. Sine triangular pulse width modulation is used to generate switching signals while avoiding common mode currents. Simulation results show the output voltage waveform for different modulation indices as well as the speed-torque characteristics of the induction motor driven by the proposed inverter topology. The topology reduces harmonics and improves efficiency compared to traditional multilevel inverter configurations.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
EU-Cycle is a self balancing electric unicycle. A regular unicycle is powered by pedal and is balanced by a rider, whilst the EU-Cycle runs by an electric motor and balance by control system in the roll direction. The simple thing to do by rider is to lean forward for acceleration, to lean backward for braking. EU-Cycle is designed as to be a fast and portable means of transport among crowded area, home and office. Therefore, The EU-Cycle gives tough challenge to the unicycle. EU-Cycle has attracted print media including future stories in radio, television. Thus in addition to successful development of EU-Cycle in urban use, the project has to implement the EU-cycle as an educative device.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Hybrid Go-KartIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a hybrid go-kart. The hybrid go-kart uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to improve fuel efficiency. Testing showed the IC engine alone achieved 35km/liter, the electric motor alone achieved 15km on a full battery charge, and the hybrid system achieved 50km total. The hybrid go-kart was designed with a parallel hybrid configuration, using a 98cc 2-stroke gasoline engine and a 48V 1500W brushless DC electric motor. It was built with an open frame chassis and features such as disc brakes, a 3.75L fuel tank, and a 48V battery pack made of four 12V batteries. The hybrid system is
IRJET- Design Optimisation and Fabrication of Hybrid Two-Wheel Drive MotorcycleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and fabrication of a hybrid two-wheel drive motorcycle. The motorcycle uses an electric hub motor to power the front wheel for distances up to 25 km. For longer distances and higher speeds, a 50cc two-stroke petrol engine drives the rear wheel. A lithium-ion battery provides power to the front electric motor and can be recharged. Previous two-wheel drive motorcycle designs had issues with efficiency and complexity. The proposed hybrid design aims to address these issues through an independent electric front wheel drive and IC engine rear wheel drive with a switching mechanism. Testing showed the electric drive could attain 32 kmph and the IC engine drive could attain 37 kmph, with a battery range of 31 km
Self Power Generating Electrical BicycleIRJET Journal
This document describes a design for a self-power generating electrical bicycle. The bicycle generates its own power through a dynamo connected to the rear wheel and flywheel. This powers a motor that drives the rear wheel, eliminating the need for external charging. The system includes a DC generator, permanent magnet DC motor, flywheel for storing rotational energy, housing to connect components, and multi-crank freewheel to drive the rear wheel from the motor. This design aims to overcome limitations of electric bicycles that have a limited range from external battery charging.
This document describes the development of an electric bicycle called "DEMON". It has the following key features:
1. It upgrades a normal bicycle to an electric one through the addition of a BLDC motor, lithium-ion battery, and PIC controller.
2. The front suspension was redesigned with a "REDEMPTION SPRINGER FORK" to provide comfort while maintaining a retro style.
3. The PIC controller controls the electric components like the BLDC motor and protects the system from overcurrent or undervoltage.
4. The drivetrain allows the rider to switch between pedaling and using the motor's power through a gear mechanism.
The
Iaetsd a new multilevel inverter topology for fourIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes a new multilevel inverter topology for driving a four-pole induction motor. The topology uses four two-level inverters connected to the separated windings of the motor's stator to generate five voltage levels. This is done using a single DC link shared between the inverters. Sine triangular pulse width modulation is used to generate switching signals while avoiding common mode currents. Simulation results show the output voltage waveform for different modulation indices as well as the speed-torque characteristics of the induction motor driven by the proposed inverter topology. The topology reduces harmonics and improves efficiency compared to traditional multilevel inverter configurations.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
DC Motor Drive System (Cascade Control Strategy)Rishikesh Bagwe
- Controlled the speed of a DC motor using cascaded current and speed PI controllers
- Root Locus Analysis was used to determine the controller gains
- Faster transient response with zero steady - state error was achieved
A breakthrough in this century has been the development of electric vehicle which is propelled by electric motor powered by electricity. Already, many electric motors have been used for electric vehicle application but performances are low. In this paper, a permanent magnet motor technology using unconventional segmented rotor for high torque application is presented. Unlike conventional motors, this design, flux switching motor (FSM) is an advance form of synchronous machine with double rotating frequency. It accommodates both armature winding and flux source on the stator while the rotor is a simple passive laminated sheet steel. Conventionally, rotor of the maiden FSM and many emerging designs have focused on the salient pole, this design employs segmented rotor. Segmented rotor has advantages of short flux path more than salient rotor pole resulting in high flux linkage. Geometric topology of the proposed motor is introduced. It consists of 24Stator-14Pole using PM flux source with alternate stator tooth armature winding. The 2D-FEA model utilized JMAG Tool Solver to design and analyze motor’s performance in terms of torque with average torque output of 470Nm. The suitability of segmented outer-rotor FS motor as a high torque machine, using permanent magnet technology is a reliable candidate for electric vehicle.
IRJET- Railway Track based Electrical Power GenerationIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to generate electrical power from railway tracks. As trains move over tracks, the vertical displacement of the tracks can be captured using a vibration energy harvester connected to a rack and pinion gear system. This system drives a DC generator to produce electricity, which is stored in a battery. The key components are a railway track, rack and pinion gears, chain drive, flywheel, DC generator, and battery. As a train passes, the track vibrates and turns the gears which rotate the flywheel and generator, producing electrical power from the movement of the train without using fuel. This provides a renewable source of energy capture from existing railway infrastructure.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Motorcycle ChassisIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a plug-in hybrid electric motorcycle (PHEM) chassis. A half-duplex cradle chassis design is analyzed for its ability to accommodate the additional components of a PHEM powertrain within the constrained space of a motorcycle frame. The chassis is modeled in 3D CAD software and analyzed for stress distribution, displacement, and strain using finite element analysis software. The analysis identifies critical points with the highest stress to guide further chassis design and development of a safe prototype.
IRJET - A Dynamic Model and Analysis of Innovative E-BikeIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and analysis of an innovative e-bike. Key features of the e-bike include a spring shock absorber, MOSFET circuit, and Shimano 7-gear drive system. The frame design incorporates a 4-bar linkage spring mechanism to absorb shock and vibrations. The e-bike can recharge itself during use via a dynamo and MOSFET circuit, reducing dependency on non-renewable fuels. Analyses are presented on motor sizing, shaft stresses, sprocket sizes, chain tensions, and battery charging time. The e-bike aims to provide convenient transportation while reducing traffic, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
IRJET- Design, Modeling and Simulation of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchro...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design, modeling, and simulation of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine for electric vehicles. It begins with an introduction discussing how electrification of vehicles can help reduce pollution from emissions. It then provides an overview of axial flux machines and different topologies. The document focuses on modeling a TORUS-NS (torus non-slotted) type axial flux permanent magnet machine using 2D finite element analysis in Maxwell software. It provides the machine specifications and dimensions used in the simulation. The results obtained from the finite element analysis are then illustrated and discussed.
Robust composite nonlinear feedback for nonlinear Steer-by-Wire vehicle’s Yaw...journalBEEI
Yaw control is a part of an Active Front Steering (AFS) system, which is used to improve vehicle manoeuvrability. Previously, it has been reported that the yaw rate tracking performance of a linear Steer-by-Wire (SBW) vehicle equipped with a Composite Nonlinear Feedback (CNF) controller and a Disturbance Observer (DOB) is robust with respect to side wind disturbance effects. This paper presents further investigation regarding the robustness of the combination between a CNF and a DOB in a nonlinear environment through a developed 7-DOF nonlinear SBW vehicle. Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, this paper also contributes in presenting the validation works of the proposed control system in a real-time situation using a Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) platform. Simulation and validation results show that the CNF and DOB managed to reduce the influence of the side wind disturbance in nonlinearities.
The document describes Auxilia's hybrid drive system for commercial vessels. The system uses electric motors and diesel generators to provide propulsion and ship power. Electric motors can be directly mounted or remotely mounted to diesel engines. This allows ships to operate quietly and efficiently at low speeds using electric power alone or together with one diesel engine, reducing fuel use and emissions. Auxilia's systems provide benefits like redundancy, lower maintenance costs, and can be retrofitted to existing vessels.
The document describes experiments using a stepper motor control trainer. Experiment 1 operates a stepper motor in unipolar mode in full step operation. Experiment 2 also operates in unipolar mode but in half step operation. Experiment 3 operates the motor in bipolar mode. Experiment 4 operates the motor in bipolar mode without current sense feedback. The experiments allow students to learn different stepper motor operating modes and configurations.
IRJET- Design of Hybrid Boat using Microcontroller at mega 328IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a hybrid boat that uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The boat is designed to switch between the engine and motor. It will include a solar panel and battery for charging the electric system. A microcontroller will be used to manually or automatically switch between the engine and motor based on user needs. The hybrid boat aims to reduce fuel costs for fishermen while providing electric propulsion that is cleaner and more sustainable.
1. The document describes a proposed design for a solar electric hybrid bicycle. The hybrid bicycle would use a lead acid battery charged via both a solar panel and wall outlet.
2. It would have a DC motor powered by the battery to assist with pedaling. The system aims to enable longer distance cycling through regenerative braking and solar charging.
3. The document reviews different components that could be used in the design, including the motor, battery, solar charge controller, throttle, solar panel, and frame. It also estimates battery charge times from solar panels of different wattages.
Active suspension system
An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension on a vehicle. It uses an onboard system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body rather than the passive suspension provided by large springs where the movement is determined entirely by the road surface. So-called active suspensions are divided into two classes: real active suspensions, and adaptive or semi-active suspensions. While adaptive suspensions only very shock absorber firmness to match changing road or dynamic conditions, active suspensions use some type of actuator to raise and lower the chassis independently at each wheel.
This document discusses stepper motor driving techniques. It begins by explaining the differences between unipolar and bipolar stepper motor configurations. Bipolar motors can produce more torque than unipolar motors with the same winding specifications. The document then covers step sequences for full-step and half-step drive modes. It also discusses different motor drive topologies, including L/R drive, L/nR drive, and switch mode drive, and how they affect current waveforms and torque output at different speeds. Control signals and integrated circuits for implementing various drive techniques are also addressed.
The document summarizes a project to modify an existing 3-axis CNC wood carving machine into a 5-axis CNC machine. It details the project goals, components, implementation process, budget, and timeline. Key points include:
- The project aims to add 2 additional rotational axes to enable 5-axis carving/milling capabilities.
- Components include NEMA 23 stepper motors, a breakout board, stepper drivers, and Mach3 interfacing software.
- Implementation involved mechanical adjustments, electronic circuit design, and software integration over 12 months.
- The budget totals ~Rs. 65,000 with largest costs for the mechanical structure, stepper motors, and electronic circuits
Fuel enhancement of parallel hybrid electric two-wheeler motorcycle IJECEIAES
In this paper, design and simulation of a parallel hybrid electric twowheeler motorcycle (PHETM) by means of continuous variable transmission (CVT) is illustrated. For simulation, the parallel hybrid electric power train model type in MATLAB/ADVISOR is customized. The internal combustion engine (ICE) be supposed to drive at elevated efficiency areas, in order to attain enhanced fuel economy and a reduced amount of emission. Simultaneously, the ICE must not activate at values of low torque areas. For that reason, get better it whilst ICE is ON, a new energy control strategy is proposed. In the new strategy, the electrical machine absorbs the extra torque of the ICE. This article proposes a PHETM system to propel the vehicle efficiently with reduced amounts of emission on comparing witha conventional vehicle. This system includes two modes of operations for achieving the better results known as motoring mode and generating mode. The switching from one mode to other is based on the vehicle speed which is sensed in real time. A drive cycle is generated by running the vehicle in normal and slightly gradient condition and finally the results are compared.
IRJET - Design and Fabrication of an Electric BikeIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an electric bike. Some key points:
- The electric bike is powered by a lithium-ion battery which provides voltage to a DC motor. This allows the bike to run on electric energy as the primary source.
- It has several benefits over conventional vehicles like better fuel economy, lower emissions and less noise pollution.
- The main components are the battery, DC motor, controller, chain drive and throttle. The battery powers the motor through the controller. The motor turns the rear wheel through the chain drive.
- Speed and power can be varied through the controller and throttle similarly to a gas-powered motorcycle.
- Calculations are shown to select
This document contains a question paper for an examination on electrical drives and controls. It includes 16 questions divided into 3 parts. Part A contains 10 short answer questions worth 2 marks each about elements of electric drives, group vs individual drives, speed torque characteristics of fan and constant power loads, protective devices for DC motors, starters for DC motors, and speed control methods. Part B contains 5 long answer questions worth 13 marks each, including factors for motor selection, temperature rise characteristics, speed-torque characteristics of DC shunt motor, starting methods for DC and induction motors. Part C contains 1 long answer question worth 15 marks about speed control methods for slip ring induction motors and the Ward-Leonard method.
IRJET- Alternative Lift Mechanism using Power Screw (20ft)IRJET Journal
This document describes an alternative lift mechanism that uses power screws instead of hydraulics for lifting platforms up to 20 feet. It proposes using two power screws connected to a motor via a speed reduction drive to lift the platform. The power screws can carry high loads and be self-locking. They require simple maintenance and reduce the overall cost and size of the lift compared to hydraulic scissor lifts. The document provides design calculations for sizing the power screws based on the lifting loads. It models and analyzes the mechanism, finding it is a viable alternative to current hydraulic scissor lifts.
An Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Generator for Defence Applications - Pa...IDES Editor
The document discusses the development of a novel axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator for defense applications. AFPM generators have advantages over conventional machines as they are compact, lightweight, and highly efficient. The authors developed a prototype 40kVA AFPM generator with twin stators and a sandwiched rotor. Testing showed the generator performed well under resistive and inductive loads, with 94% efficiency and smooth sinusoidal voltage output. Due to its unique features, the AFPM generator is well-suited as a futuristic power source for defense equipment.
This document describes a study on modeling and simulating a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor drive system in MATLAB/Simulink. The authors develop a model of a PMBLDC motor with a 120-degree inverter system and implement closed-loop speed control using a PI controller. Simulation results confirm the validity of the model and controller. The paper examines the effects of load and inertia changes on the motor's speed performance.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of a Self Balancing Mono Wheel VehicleIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a self-balancing mono wheel vehicle. It uses a single wheel powered by a 250W DC motor and controlled using a PID controller and IMU sensor. The PID controller receives input from the IMU sensor to detect the vehicle's angle and controls the motor to maintain balance. It is intended to work like a hoverboard where the rider's inclination controls the direction. The vehicle was designed to be efficient and use regenerative braking for battery charging.
DC Motor Drive System (Cascade Control Strategy)Rishikesh Bagwe
- Controlled the speed of a DC motor using cascaded current and speed PI controllers
- Root Locus Analysis was used to determine the controller gains
- Faster transient response with zero steady - state error was achieved
A breakthrough in this century has been the development of electric vehicle which is propelled by electric motor powered by electricity. Already, many electric motors have been used for electric vehicle application but performances are low. In this paper, a permanent magnet motor technology using unconventional segmented rotor for high torque application is presented. Unlike conventional motors, this design, flux switching motor (FSM) is an advance form of synchronous machine with double rotating frequency. It accommodates both armature winding and flux source on the stator while the rotor is a simple passive laminated sheet steel. Conventionally, rotor of the maiden FSM and many emerging designs have focused on the salient pole, this design employs segmented rotor. Segmented rotor has advantages of short flux path more than salient rotor pole resulting in high flux linkage. Geometric topology of the proposed motor is introduced. It consists of 24Stator-14Pole using PM flux source with alternate stator tooth armature winding. The 2D-FEA model utilized JMAG Tool Solver to design and analyze motor’s performance in terms of torque with average torque output of 470Nm. The suitability of segmented outer-rotor FS motor as a high torque machine, using permanent magnet technology is a reliable candidate for electric vehicle.
IRJET- Railway Track based Electrical Power GenerationIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to generate electrical power from railway tracks. As trains move over tracks, the vertical displacement of the tracks can be captured using a vibration energy harvester connected to a rack and pinion gear system. This system drives a DC generator to produce electricity, which is stored in a battery. The key components are a railway track, rack and pinion gears, chain drive, flywheel, DC generator, and battery. As a train passes, the track vibrates and turns the gears which rotate the flywheel and generator, producing electrical power from the movement of the train without using fuel. This provides a renewable source of energy capture from existing railway infrastructure.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Motorcycle ChassisIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a plug-in hybrid electric motorcycle (PHEM) chassis. A half-duplex cradle chassis design is analyzed for its ability to accommodate the additional components of a PHEM powertrain within the constrained space of a motorcycle frame. The chassis is modeled in 3D CAD software and analyzed for stress distribution, displacement, and strain using finite element analysis software. The analysis identifies critical points with the highest stress to guide further chassis design and development of a safe prototype.
IRJET - A Dynamic Model and Analysis of Innovative E-BikeIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and analysis of an innovative e-bike. Key features of the e-bike include a spring shock absorber, MOSFET circuit, and Shimano 7-gear drive system. The frame design incorporates a 4-bar linkage spring mechanism to absorb shock and vibrations. The e-bike can recharge itself during use via a dynamo and MOSFET circuit, reducing dependency on non-renewable fuels. Analyses are presented on motor sizing, shaft stresses, sprocket sizes, chain tensions, and battery charging time. The e-bike aims to provide convenient transportation while reducing traffic, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
IRJET- Design, Modeling and Simulation of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchro...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design, modeling, and simulation of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine for electric vehicles. It begins with an introduction discussing how electrification of vehicles can help reduce pollution from emissions. It then provides an overview of axial flux machines and different topologies. The document focuses on modeling a TORUS-NS (torus non-slotted) type axial flux permanent magnet machine using 2D finite element analysis in Maxwell software. It provides the machine specifications and dimensions used in the simulation. The results obtained from the finite element analysis are then illustrated and discussed.
Robust composite nonlinear feedback for nonlinear Steer-by-Wire vehicle’s Yaw...journalBEEI
Yaw control is a part of an Active Front Steering (AFS) system, which is used to improve vehicle manoeuvrability. Previously, it has been reported that the yaw rate tracking performance of a linear Steer-by-Wire (SBW) vehicle equipped with a Composite Nonlinear Feedback (CNF) controller and a Disturbance Observer (DOB) is robust with respect to side wind disturbance effects. This paper presents further investigation regarding the robustness of the combination between a CNF and a DOB in a nonlinear environment through a developed 7-DOF nonlinear SBW vehicle. Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, this paper also contributes in presenting the validation works of the proposed control system in a real-time situation using a Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) platform. Simulation and validation results show that the CNF and DOB managed to reduce the influence of the side wind disturbance in nonlinearities.
The document describes Auxilia's hybrid drive system for commercial vessels. The system uses electric motors and diesel generators to provide propulsion and ship power. Electric motors can be directly mounted or remotely mounted to diesel engines. This allows ships to operate quietly and efficiently at low speeds using electric power alone or together with one diesel engine, reducing fuel use and emissions. Auxilia's systems provide benefits like redundancy, lower maintenance costs, and can be retrofitted to existing vessels.
The document describes experiments using a stepper motor control trainer. Experiment 1 operates a stepper motor in unipolar mode in full step operation. Experiment 2 also operates in unipolar mode but in half step operation. Experiment 3 operates the motor in bipolar mode. Experiment 4 operates the motor in bipolar mode without current sense feedback. The experiments allow students to learn different stepper motor operating modes and configurations.
IRJET- Design of Hybrid Boat using Microcontroller at mega 328IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a hybrid boat that uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The boat is designed to switch between the engine and motor. It will include a solar panel and battery for charging the electric system. A microcontroller will be used to manually or automatically switch between the engine and motor based on user needs. The hybrid boat aims to reduce fuel costs for fishermen while providing electric propulsion that is cleaner and more sustainable.
1. The document describes a proposed design for a solar electric hybrid bicycle. The hybrid bicycle would use a lead acid battery charged via both a solar panel and wall outlet.
2. It would have a DC motor powered by the battery to assist with pedaling. The system aims to enable longer distance cycling through regenerative braking and solar charging.
3. The document reviews different components that could be used in the design, including the motor, battery, solar charge controller, throttle, solar panel, and frame. It also estimates battery charge times from solar panels of different wattages.
Active suspension system
An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension on a vehicle. It uses an onboard system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body rather than the passive suspension provided by large springs where the movement is determined entirely by the road surface. So-called active suspensions are divided into two classes: real active suspensions, and adaptive or semi-active suspensions. While adaptive suspensions only very shock absorber firmness to match changing road or dynamic conditions, active suspensions use some type of actuator to raise and lower the chassis independently at each wheel.
This document discusses stepper motor driving techniques. It begins by explaining the differences between unipolar and bipolar stepper motor configurations. Bipolar motors can produce more torque than unipolar motors with the same winding specifications. The document then covers step sequences for full-step and half-step drive modes. It also discusses different motor drive topologies, including L/R drive, L/nR drive, and switch mode drive, and how they affect current waveforms and torque output at different speeds. Control signals and integrated circuits for implementing various drive techniques are also addressed.
The document summarizes a project to modify an existing 3-axis CNC wood carving machine into a 5-axis CNC machine. It details the project goals, components, implementation process, budget, and timeline. Key points include:
- The project aims to add 2 additional rotational axes to enable 5-axis carving/milling capabilities.
- Components include NEMA 23 stepper motors, a breakout board, stepper drivers, and Mach3 interfacing software.
- Implementation involved mechanical adjustments, electronic circuit design, and software integration over 12 months.
- The budget totals ~Rs. 65,000 with largest costs for the mechanical structure, stepper motors, and electronic circuits
Fuel enhancement of parallel hybrid electric two-wheeler motorcycle IJECEIAES
In this paper, design and simulation of a parallel hybrid electric twowheeler motorcycle (PHETM) by means of continuous variable transmission (CVT) is illustrated. For simulation, the parallel hybrid electric power train model type in MATLAB/ADVISOR is customized. The internal combustion engine (ICE) be supposed to drive at elevated efficiency areas, in order to attain enhanced fuel economy and a reduced amount of emission. Simultaneously, the ICE must not activate at values of low torque areas. For that reason, get better it whilst ICE is ON, a new energy control strategy is proposed. In the new strategy, the electrical machine absorbs the extra torque of the ICE. This article proposes a PHETM system to propel the vehicle efficiently with reduced amounts of emission on comparing witha conventional vehicle. This system includes two modes of operations for achieving the better results known as motoring mode and generating mode. The switching from one mode to other is based on the vehicle speed which is sensed in real time. A drive cycle is generated by running the vehicle in normal and slightly gradient condition and finally the results are compared.
IRJET - Design and Fabrication of an Electric BikeIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an electric bike. Some key points:
- The electric bike is powered by a lithium-ion battery which provides voltage to a DC motor. This allows the bike to run on electric energy as the primary source.
- It has several benefits over conventional vehicles like better fuel economy, lower emissions and less noise pollution.
- The main components are the battery, DC motor, controller, chain drive and throttle. The battery powers the motor through the controller. The motor turns the rear wheel through the chain drive.
- Speed and power can be varied through the controller and throttle similarly to a gas-powered motorcycle.
- Calculations are shown to select
This document contains a question paper for an examination on electrical drives and controls. It includes 16 questions divided into 3 parts. Part A contains 10 short answer questions worth 2 marks each about elements of electric drives, group vs individual drives, speed torque characteristics of fan and constant power loads, protective devices for DC motors, starters for DC motors, and speed control methods. Part B contains 5 long answer questions worth 13 marks each, including factors for motor selection, temperature rise characteristics, speed-torque characteristics of DC shunt motor, starting methods for DC and induction motors. Part C contains 1 long answer question worth 15 marks about speed control methods for slip ring induction motors and the Ward-Leonard method.
IRJET- Alternative Lift Mechanism using Power Screw (20ft)IRJET Journal
This document describes an alternative lift mechanism that uses power screws instead of hydraulics for lifting platforms up to 20 feet. It proposes using two power screws connected to a motor via a speed reduction drive to lift the platform. The power screws can carry high loads and be self-locking. They require simple maintenance and reduce the overall cost and size of the lift compared to hydraulic scissor lifts. The document provides design calculations for sizing the power screws based on the lifting loads. It models and analyzes the mechanism, finding it is a viable alternative to current hydraulic scissor lifts.
An Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Generator for Defence Applications - Pa...IDES Editor
The document discusses the development of a novel axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator for defense applications. AFPM generators have advantages over conventional machines as they are compact, lightweight, and highly efficient. The authors developed a prototype 40kVA AFPM generator with twin stators and a sandwiched rotor. Testing showed the generator performed well under resistive and inductive loads, with 94% efficiency and smooth sinusoidal voltage output. Due to its unique features, the AFPM generator is well-suited as a futuristic power source for defense equipment.
This document describes a study on modeling and simulating a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor drive system in MATLAB/Simulink. The authors develop a model of a PMBLDC motor with a 120-degree inverter system and implement closed-loop speed control using a PI controller. Simulation results confirm the validity of the model and controller. The paper examines the effects of load and inertia changes on the motor's speed performance.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of a Self Balancing Mono Wheel VehicleIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a self-balancing mono wheel vehicle. It uses a single wheel powered by a 250W DC motor and controlled using a PID controller and IMU sensor. The PID controller receives input from the IMU sensor to detect the vehicle's angle and controls the motor to maintain balance. It is intended to work like a hoverboard where the rider's inclination controls the direction. The vehicle was designed to be efficient and use regenerative braking for battery charging.
Regenerative Breaking System final presentationIMTIYAZ ALAM
This document describes a regenerative braking system used in hybrid vehicles. The system recuperates energy lost during braking by storing it in a battery to power the motor when needed. It lists the components used, including an electromagnetic clutch, dynamo, transformer, and rectifier. It provides specifications and diagrams explaining how these components work, such as how the electromagnetic clutch attracts an iron gear to transfer rotation. The document also includes diagrams of the system's working block diagram and advantages of improving efficiency while reducing emissions.
Fuzzy Controller for Speed Control of BLDC motor using MATLABIRJET Journal
This document presents a fuzzy logic controller for speed control of a brushless DC motor (BLDC) using MATLAB/Simulink. It begins with an introduction to BLDC motors and their modeling. It then describes the MATLAB/Simulink model developed including electrical equations, mechanical equations, inverter model, and fuzzy inference system. Simulation results are shown for the motor speed at different reference speeds and load torques. The fuzzy logic controller is found to provide better speed control performance compared to PI controllers. The document concludes that adding current control could further improve the motor's performance.
IRJET- Design & Implementation of Sensorless BLDC Motor Drive with Digital Fi...IRJET Journal
This document describes a sensorless BLDC motor drive implemented using a dsPIC33CK microcontroller. The microcontroller digitally filters the back-EMF signals from the motor to determine the rotor position and generate PWM signals for commutation without using position sensors. Digital filtering of the back-EMF reduces noise and improves motor operation by reducing torque ripple. Simulation and hardware results show the motor achieving speeds from 1000 rpm to 3300 rpm controlled by adjusting the PWM frequency from 85Hz to 275Hz.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Steering System using Servo MotorsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and fabricated an electric steering system for vehicles using servo motors. The system uses a rotary encoder connected to the steering wheel to send signals to an Arduino board. The Arduino processes the signals and controls servo motors that are attached to DC motors connected to the wheels. This allows the wheels to turn up to 90 degrees based on the rotation of the steering wheel without any mechanical linkages. The system aims to provide a lower cost and simpler alternative to traditional hydraulic steering with benefits like reduced complexity, weight, and maintenance needs while still offering precision control of wheel position.
The trend in the motor applications is to reduce weight and volume by increasing the efficiency. Because of the advantage of high efficiency and high density, interest in brushless DC motors and drives is increasing. Unlike DC motors, the brushless DC (BLDC) motors require inverter circuit and position detector. In this paper, we deal with the optimization of the BLDC motor, the inverter, and the position detector. The inverter is optimized to be mounted on the BLDC motor. This paper deals primarily with the design and implementation aspects of the BLDC motor and the integrated drive circuit. Experimental results for the prototype of the BLDC motor with integrated dirve circuit in the laboratory are presented to validate the feasibility.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF QUADRATIC BOOST CONVERTER FOR APPLICATION OF BLD...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and implementation of a quadratic boost converter (QBC) to power a brushless DC motor. A QBC provides higher voltage gain than a standard boost converter while reducing losses. The QBC output feeds a three-phase inverter to drive the BLDC motor. Both MATLAB simulation and hardware experiments were conducted. The QBC was able to boost 12V input to over 44V output to power a 50W BLDC motor, demonstrating the effectiveness of using a QBC for motor applications.
This paper presents a control scheme for speed control system in brushless dc (BLDC) motor to be utilized for electric motorbike. While conventional motorbikes require engine and fuel, electric motorbikes require DC motor and battery pack in order to be powered up. The limitation with battery pack is that it will need to be recharged after a certain period and distance. As the recharging process is time consuming, a PID controller is designed to maintain the speed of the motor at its optimum state, thus ensuring a longer lasting battery time (until the next charge). The controller is designed to track variations of speed references and stabilizes the output speed accordingly. The simulation results conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK® shows that the motor, equipped with the PID controller was able to track the reference speed in 7.8x10-2 milliseconds with no overshoot. The result shows optimistic possibility that the proposed controller can be used to maintain the speed of the motor at its optimum speed.
IRJET- Development of an Electric Vehicle using PWM Control TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of an electric vehicle that uses a brushless DC motor powered by a 72V lead acid battery pack and controlled using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. A PWM controller varies the duty cycle of voltage pulses to the motor to control its speed. The electric vehicle aims to provide efficient and pollution-free transportation. The brushless DC motor provides benefits like higher efficiency and lower maintenance compared to internal combustion engines. The PWM technique allows for improved motor speed control. The developed electric vehicle provides a potential solution for sustainable transportation goals while demonstrating control of an electric motor using PWM.
Design and Analysis of Power Generation UnitIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a power generation unit that can generate electricity from the vertical displacement of railway tracks caused by passing trains. The system uses a rack and pinion mechanism connected to gears and a belt drive to convert the vertical motion into rotational motion. This rotation is used to power a DC generator which charges a battery. The components are modeled in SOLIDWORKS and analyzed in ANSYS for stresses and deformation. The power generation unit has potential applications at railway tracks and road speed breakers to generate electricity from passing vehicles using a simple design and without requiring fuel.
Design of Starting Resistance for AC and DC Machines using Computer Analysis ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of starting resistances for AC and DC motors using computer analysis in C language. It presents methods for designing starters for 3 types of motors: DC series motors, DC shunt motors, and slip-ring induction motors (AC). For each motor type, the relevant circuit diagrams and equations for determining the number of resistance sections and their values are provided. The analysis allows users to input motor parameters and automatically obtain starter resistance values. Benefits include precise resistance values, gradual speed increase, and reduced analysis time. Future work may expand the program's capabilities and improve the user interface.
Design and fabrication of motorized screw jackshashin vyas
This document describes the design of a motorized screw jack. It begins with an introduction to screw jacks and their history. Traditionally, screw jacks required high manual labor to lift vehicles. The objectives of this project were to design a device that can lift vehicles smoothly without impact using a motor as the power source. The proposed system is a remote-controlled cylinder jack that uses a DC motor powered by a battery. Design calculations are provided for the bevel gears, battery, screw dimensions and strength. The motorized screw jack is able to lift vehicles easily without manual effort. Advantages include easy lifting and maintenance, while disadvantages include higher costs and need for a power source. In conclusion, the motorized screw jack meets the
Design and Fabrication of Inbuilt Hydraulic Jack for Four WheelersIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an inbuilt hydraulic jack system for four-wheel vehicles. The system is designed to lift vehicles from inside the cabin using switches on the dashboard, eliminating the need for manual jacking. It consists of hydraulic cylinders installed on both sides of the vehicle frame powered by a hydraulic pump. The cylinders can lift either side of the vehicle independently. The document provides details on the components, design calculations, methodology, cost analysis and conclusions on the potential benefits of the system for improving vehicle maintenance efficiency.
Comparison of neural network narma l2 model reference and predictive controll...Mustefa Jibril
The document compares NARMA-L2, model reference, and predictive controllers for a nonlinear quarter car active suspension system. It begins by developing the mathematical model of the suspension system and hydraulic actuator. It then describes the bump and sine pavement road profiles used as inputs. The controller designs are presented, including the NARMA-L2 neural network architecture, model reference design using two neural networks, and predictive design training a neural network to model the plant dynamics. Simulation results show the body travel, acceleration, and suspension deflection outputs for each controller under bump and sine road disturbances. The NARMA-L2 controller performed best in minimizing body travel and acceleration.
Speed Control of a Seperately Excited DC Motor by Implementing Fuzzy Logic Co...IRJET Journal
This document describes the use of a fuzzy logic controller to control the speed of a separately excited DC motor. A mathematical model of the DC motor is presented. A PID controller is also designed for speed control and its performance is compared to the fuzzy logic controller. A fuzzy logic controller with two inputs - speed error and change in speed error - and seven fuzzy rules is developed. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the fuzzy logic controller has better performance than the PID controller in terms of overshoot, settling time, and steady state error for speed control of the separately excited DC motor.
This document describes the design and development of a smart electric bicycle. The system uses a single lead-acid battery and a SEPIC converter to boost the voltage from the battery to power a DC motor and drive the rear wheel. A control unit regulates the motor speed using an accelerator. The SEPIC converter allows the system to use a single battery, reducing the bicycle's weight compared to typical electric bicycles that use two batteries. Simulation results showed the SEPIC converter can effectively boost the voltage to drive the motor. The smart electric bicycle provides electric assistance without using fuel and can improve users' health compared to motorcycles or traditional bicycles.
This document describes the design, development, and analysis of an electrically operated car jack powered by a car battery. Key points:
- The current manual jack design is modified by replacing the power screw and side members and adding an electric DC motor, gear system, and electrical components.
- Materials including steel alloys are selected for strength and machinability. Design calculations are shown for components like the power screw, side members, and gear system to handle the required lifting forces.
- Finite element analysis is used to analyze stresses and safety factors. The prototype is fabricated using various machining processes and tested successfully on a car.
- The goal is to develop an easier to operate, safer jack to avoid issues
A journal on “Refurbishment of Internal combustion engine to an electric vehi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a journal article about refurbishing an internal combustion engine scooter into an electric vehicle. The researchers designed a new chassis to accommodate an electric motor and battery components. They used simulation software to analyze the chassis design and ensure it could withstand stresses. The team selected a brushless DC motor, lead-acid batteries, and motor controller. Dynamic calculations were performed to determine the required motor power, battery capacity, driving range, and charging time. Simulations validated that the converted electric scooter could reach speeds of 35 km/h and drive ranges of 35-45 km on a single charge. Some challenges included making structural changes to the chassis and improving the battery and motor specifications.
IRJET- Review on Modified Vehicles for Differently Abled PeopleIRJET Journal
This document reviews modified vehicles designed for differently abled people. It begins by discussing various types of manually operated, motorized, solar powered, and engine powered tricycles and scooters. It then describes common components of these vehicles like pedals, brushless DC motors, solar panels, charge controllers, lead acid batteries, and throttles. Next, it outlines social and commercial problems faced by disabled individuals. The objective is to establish new technologies that provide comfort, constant speed, mileage, and safety. Finally, it surveys past literature on reverse gear mechanisms, solar tricycles, electric vehicles, foot-steered tricycles, solar wheelchairs, and hybrid electric stair-climbing wheelchairs.
Similar to IRJET- Design and Development of Electric Motorbike (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.