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IRJET- Credit Card Fraud Detection using Random Forest
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6662 CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST Devi Meenakshi. B1, Janani. B2, Gayathri. S3, Mrs. Indira. N4 1,2,3Student, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India 4Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – The project is mainly focussed on credit card fraud detection in real world. A phenomenal growth in the number of credit card transactions, has recently led to a considerable rise in fraudulent activities. The purpose is to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account. Implementation of efficient fraud detection systems has become imperative for all credit card issuing banks to minimize their losses. One of the most crucial challenges in making the business is that neither the card nor the cardholder needs to be present when the purchase isbeing made. This makes it impossible for the merchant to verify whether the customer making a purchase is the authentic cardholder or not. With the proposed scheme, using random forest algorithm the accuracy of detecting the fraud can be improved can be improved. Classification process of random forest algorithm to analyse data set and user current dataset. Finally optimize the accuracy of the result data. The performance of the techniques is evaluatedbasedonaccuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, and precision. Then processing of some of the attributes provided identifies the fraud detection and provides the graphical model visualization. The performance of the techniques is evaluatedbasedonaccuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, and precision. Keywords: Credit Card, Fraud Detection,RandomForest. 1. INTRODUCTION There are various fraudulent activities detection techniques has implemented in credit card transactions have been kept in researcher minds to methods to develop models based on artificial intelligence , data mining, fuzzy logic and machine learning. Credit card fraud detection is significantly difficult, but also popular problem to solve. In our proposed system we built the credit card fraud detection using Machine learning. With the advancement of machine learning techniques. Machine learning has been identified as a successful measure for fraud detection. A large amount of data is transferred during online transaction processes, resulting in a binary result:genuineorfraudulent. Within the sample fraudulent datasets, features are constructed. These are data points namely the age and value of the customer account, as well as the origin of the credit card. There are hundreds of features and each contributes, to varying extents, towards the fraud probability. Note, the level in which each feature contributes to the fraud score is generated by the artificial intelligence of the machine which is driven by the training set, but is not determined bya fraud analyst. So, in regards to the card fraud, if the use of cards to commit fraud is proven to be high, the fraud weighting of a transaction that uses a credit card will be equally so. However, if this were to shrink, the contribution level would parallel. Simply make, these models self-learn without explicit programming such as with manual review. Credit card fraud detection using Machine learning is done by deploying the classification and regression algorithms. We use supervised learning algorithm such as Random forest algorithm to classify the fraud card transaction in online or by offline. Random forest is advanced version of Decision tree. Random forest has better efficiency and accuracy than the other machinelearningalgorithms. Random forest aims to reduce the previously mentioned correlation issue by picking only a subsample of the feature space at each split. Essentially, it aims to make the trees de-correlated and prune the trees by fixing a stopping criteria for node splits, which I will be cover in more detail later. 1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION Billions of dollars of loss are caused every year by the fraudulent credit card transactions. Fraudisoldashumanity itself and can take an unlimited variety of different forms. The PwC global economic crimesurveyof2017suggeststhat approximately 48% of organizations experienced economic crime. Therefore, there is definitely an urge to solve the problem of credit card fraud detection. Moreover, the development of new technologies provides additional ways in which criminals may commit fraud.Theuseofcreditcards is prevalent in modern day society and credit card fraud has been kept on growing in recent years. Hugh Financial losses has been fraudulent affects not only merchants and banks, but also individual person who are using the credits. Fraud may also affect the reputation and image of a merchant causing non-financial losses that, though difficulttoquantify in the short term, may become visible in the long period. For example, if a cardholder is victim of fraud with a certain company, he may no longer trust theirbusinessandchoosea contender. 1.1 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT In this proposed project we designed a protocol or a model to detect the fraud activity in credit card transactions. This system is capable of providing most of the essential features required to detect fraudulent and legitimate transactions.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6663 As technology changes, it becomes difficult to track the behaviour and pattern of fraudulent transactions. With the upsurge of machine learning, artificial intelligence and other relevant fields of information technology, it becomes feasible to automate the process and to save some of the effective amount of labor that is put into detecting credit card fraudulent activities. 2. RELATED WORK [1] The Use of Predictive AnalyticsTechnologytoDetect Credit Card Fraud in Canada.“KosemaniTemitayoHafiz, Dr. Shaun Aghili, Dr. Pavol Zavarsky.” This research paper focuses on the creation of a scorecard from relevant evaluationcriteria,features,andcapabilitiesof predictive analytics vendor solutionscurrentlybeingusedto detect credit card fraud. The scorecard provides a side-by- side comparison of five credit card predictive analytics vendor solutions adopted in Canada. From the ensuing research findings, a list of credit card fraud PAT vendor solution challenges, risks, and limitations was outlined. [2] BLAST-SSAHA Hybridization for Credit Card Fraud Detection. “Amlan Kundu, Suvasini Panigrahi, Shamik Sural, Senior Member, IEEE, and Arun K. Majumdar” This paper propose to use two-stage sequence alignment in which a profile Analyser (PA) first determines the similarity of an incoming sequence of transactions on a given credit card with the genuine cardholder’spastspendingsequences. The unusual transactions traced by the profile analyser are next passed on to a deviation analyser (DA) for possible alignment with past fraudulent behaviour. Thefinal decision about the nature of a transaction is taken on the basis of the observations by these two analysers. In order to achieve online response time for both PA and DA, we suggest a new approach for combining two sequencealignmentalgorithms BLAST and SSAHA. [3] Research on Credit Card Fraud Detection Model Based on Distance Sum. “Wen-Fang YU, Na Wang”. Along with increasingcredit cardsandgrowingtradevolume in China, credit card fraud rises sharply. How to enhance the detection and prevention of credit card fraud becomes the focus of risk control of banks. It proposes a credit card fraud detection model using outlier detection based on distance sum according to the infrequency and unconventionality of fraud in credit card transaction data,applyingoutliermining into credit card fraud detection. Experiments show that this model is feasible and accurate in detecting credit card fraud. [4] Fraudulent Detection in Credit Card System Using SVM & Decision Tree. “Vijayshree B. Nipane, Poonam S. Kalinge, Dipali Vidhate, Kunal War, Bhagyashree P. Deshpande”. With growing advancementinthe electroniccommercefield, fraud is spreading all over the world, causingmajorfinancial losses. In current scenario, Major cause of financial losses is credit card fraud; it not only affects trades person but also individual clients. Decision tree, Genetic algorithm, Meta learning strategy, neural network, HMM are the presented methods used to detect credit card frauds. In contemplate system for fraudulent detection, artificial intelligence concept of Support Vector Machine (SVM) & decision tree is being used to solve the problem. Thus by implementation of this hybrid approach, financial losses can be reduced to greater extend. 5] Supervised Machine (SVM) Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection. “Sitaram patel, Sunita Gond”. This thesis propose the SVM (Support Vector Machine) based method with multiple kernel involvement which also includes several fields of user profile instead of only spending profile. The simulation result shows improvement in TP (true positive), TN (true negative) rate, & also decreases the FP (false positive) & FN (false negative) rate. [6] Detecting Credit Card Fraud by Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines. “Y. Sahin and E. Duman” In this study, classification models based on decision trees and support vector machines (SVM) are developed and applied on credit card fraud detection problem.Thisstudyis one of the firsts to compare the performance of SVM and decision tree methods in credit card fraud detection with a real data set. 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM In existing System, a research about a case study involving credit card fraud detection, where data normalization is applied before Cluster Analysis and with results obtained from the use of Cluster Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks on fraud detection has shown that by clustering attributes neuronal inputs can be minimized.Andpromising results can be obtained by using normalized data and data should be MLP trained. This research was based on unsupervised learning. Significance of this paper was tofind new methods for fraud detection and to increase the accuracy of results. The data set for this paper is based on real life transactional data by a largeEuropean companyand personal details in data is kept confidential. Accuracy of an algorithm is around 50%. Significance of this paper was to find an algorithm and to reduce the cost measure. The result obtained was by 23% and the algorithm they find was Bayes minimum risk.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6664 3.1.1 Disadvantages 1. In this paper a new collative comparison measure that reasonably represents the gains and losses due to fraud detection is proposed. 2. A cost sensitive method whichisbasedonBayesminimum risk is presented using the proposed cost measure. 3.2 PROPOSED SCHEME In proposed System, we are applying random forest algorithm for classification of the credit card dataset. Random Forest is an algorithm for classification and regression. Summarily, it is a collection of decision tree classifiers. Random forest has advantage over decision tree as it corrects the habit of over fitting to their training set. A subset of the training set is sampled randomly so that to train each individual tree and then a decision tree is built, each node then splits on a feature selected from a random subset of the full feature set. Even for large data sets with many features and data instances training is extremely fast in random forest and because each tree is trained independently of the others. The Random Forest algorithm has been found to provide a good estimate of the generalization error and to be resistant to over fitting. 3.3 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM Random forest ranksthe importance of variables in a regression or classification problem in a natural way can be done by Random Forest. The 'amount' feature is the transaction amount. Feature 'class' is the target class for the binary classification and it takes value 1 for positive case (fraud) and 0 for negative case (not fraud). 4. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS The requirements specification is a technical specification of requirements for the software products. It is the first step in the requirements analysis process it lists the requirements of a particular software system including functional, performance and security requirements. The purpose of software requirements specification is to provide a detailed overview of the software project, its parameters and goals. 4.1HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Processor - Intel RAM - 4 Gb Hard Disk - 260 GB Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse 4.2SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Python Anaconda OS - Windows 7, 8 and 10 (32 and 64 bit) 5. FEASIBILITY STUDY 5.1TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY It is evident that necessary hardware and software are available for development and implementation of proposed system It uses Anaconda. 5.2 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY The cost for the proposed system is comparatively less to other existing software’s. 5.3 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY In this project it requirestoconfigurethenecessarysoftware to work on the software. 6. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE First the credit card dataset is taken from the source and cleaning and validation is performed on the dataset which includes removal of redundancy, filling empty spaces in columns,convertingnecessaryvariableintofactors or classes then data is divided into 2 part, one is training dataset and another one is test data set. Now the original sample is randomly partitioned into teat and train dataset. Figure 6.1- ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM 7. SYSTEM MODULES 7.1 MODULE DESCRIPTION 7.1.1 MODULE 1: DATA COLLECTION Data used in this paper is a set of product reviews collected from credit card transactions records. Thisstepisconcerned with selecting the subset of all available data that youwill be working with. ML problemsstartwithdata preferably,lotsof data (examples or observations)forwhichyoualreadyknow
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6665 the target answer. Data for which you already know the target answer is called labelled data. 7.1.2 MODULE 2: DATA PRE-PROCESSING Organize your selected data by formatting, cleaning and sampling from it. Three common data pre-processing steps are: Formatting: The data you have selected may not be in a format that is suitable for you to work with. The data may be in a relational database and you would like it in a flat file, or the data may be in a proprietary file format and you would like it in a relational database or a text file. Cleaning: Cleaning data is the removal or fixing of missing data. There may be data instances that are incomplete and do not carry the data you believe you need to address the problem. These instances may need to be removed. Additionally, there may be sensitive information in some of the attributes and these attributes may need to be removed from the data entirely. Sampling: There may be far more selected data available than you need to work with. More data can result in much longer running times for algorithms and larger computational and memory requirements. You can take a smaller representative sample of the selected data that may be much faster for exploring and prototyping solutions before considering the whole dataset. 7.1.3 MODULE 3: FEATURE EXTRATION Next thing is to do Feature extraction is an attribute reduction process. Unlike feature selection, which ranks the existing attributes according to their predictivesignificance, feature extraction actually transforms the attributes. The transformed attributes, or features, are linear combinations of the original attributes. Finally, our models are trained using Classifier algorithm.WeuseclassifymoduleonNatural Language Toolkit library on Python. We use the labelled dataset gathered. The rest of our labelleddata will beused to evaluate the models. Some machine learning algorithms were used to classify pre-processed data. The chosen classifiers were Random forest. These algorithms are very popular in text classification tasks. 7.1.4 MODULE 4: Evaluation Model Model Evaluation is an integral part of the model development process. It helps to find the best model that represents our data and how well the chosen model will work in the future. Evaluating model performance with the data used for training is not acceptable in data science because it can easily generate overoptimistic and over fitted models. There are two methods of evaluating modelsindata science, Hold-Out and Cross-Validation.Toavoidoverfitting, both methods use a test set (not seen by the model) to evaluate model performance. Performance of each classification model is estimated base on its averaged. The result will be in the visualized form. Representation of classified data in the form of graphs. Accuracy is defined as the percentage of correct predictions for the test data. It can be calculated easily by dividing the number of correct predictions by the number of total predictions. 8. Algorithm Utilized 8.1 Random Forest Random forest is a type of supervised machine learning algorithm based on ensemble learning. Ensemblelearningis a type of learning where you join different types of algorithms or same algorithm multiple times to form a more powerful prediction model. The random forest algorithm combines multiple algorithm of the same type i.e. multiple decision trees, resulting in a forest of trees, hence the name "Random Forest". The random forest algorithm can be used for both regression and classification tasks. 8.2 WORKING OF RANDOM FOREST The following are the basic steps involved in performing the random forest algorithm 1. Pick N random records from the dataset. 2. Build a decision tree based on these N records. 3. Choose the number of trees you want in your algorithm and repeat steps 1 and 2. 4. For classification problem, each tree in the forest predicts the category to which the new record belongs. Finally, the new record is assigned to the category that wins the majority vote. 8.3 ADVANTAGES OF USING RANDOM FOREST Pros of using random forest for classification and regression. 1. The random forest algorithm is not biased, since, there are multiple trees and each tree is trained on a subset of data. Basically, the random forest algorithm relies on the power of "the crowd"; therefore, the overall biasedness of the algorithm is reduced. 2. This algorithm is very stable. Even if a new data point is introduced in the dataset the overall algorithm is not affected much since new data may impact one tree, but it is very hard for it to impact all the trees. 3. The random forest algorithm works well when you have both categorical and numerical features. The random forest algorithm also works well when data has missing values or it has not been scaled well.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6666 9. APPENDICES 9.1 SAMPLE SCREENSHOTS FROM THE PROJECT Fig- 8.1: Exact figures of fake and original credit card 10. CONCLUSION The Random forest algorithm will perform better with a larger number of training data, but speed during testing and application will suffer. Application of more pre-processing techniques would also help. The SVM algorithm still suffers from the imbalanced dataset problem and requires more preprocessing to give better results at the results shown by SVM is great but it could have been better if more preprocessing have been done on the data. 11. REFERENCES [1] Sudhamathy G: Credit Risk Analysis and Prediction Modelling of Bank Loans Using R,vol.8,no-5,pp.1954-1966. [2] LI Changjian, HU Peng: Credit Risk Assessment for ural Credit Cooperatives based on Improved Neural Network, International Conference on Smart Grid and Electrical Automation vol. 60, no. - 3, pp 227-230, 2017. [3] Wei Sun, Chen-Guang Yang, Jian-Xun Qi: Credit Risk Assessment in Commercial Banks Based On Support Vector Machines, vol.6, pp 2430-2433, 2006. [4] Amlan Kundu, Suvasini Panigrahi, Shamik Sural, Senior Member, IEEE, “BLAST-SSAHA HybridizationforCreditCard Fraud Detection”, vol. 6, no. 4 pp. 309-315, 2009. [5] Y. Sahin and E. Duman, “Detecting Credit Card Fraud by Decision Trees and Support VectorMachines,Proceedingsof International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, vol. I, 2011. [6] Sitaram patel, Sunita Gond , “Supervised Machine (SVM) Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection, International of engineering trends and technology, vol. 8, no. -3, pp. 137- 140, 2014. [7] Snehal Patil, Harshada Somavanshi, Jyoti Gaikwad, Amruta Deshmane, Rinku Badgujar," Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Decision Tree Induction Algorithm, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.4 Issue.4, April- 2015, pg. 92-95 [8] Dahee Choi and Kyungho Lee, “Machine Learning based Approach to Financial Fraud Detection Process in Mobile Payment System", vol. 5, no. - 4, December 2017, pp. 12-24.
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