This document discusses poverty lines and nutritional requirements in India. It analyzes whether individuals in India can meet their nutritional needs using poverty line measures. The document provides an overview of poverty and hunger issues in India. It notes that while food grain production has increased, many people still lack access to adequate nutrition. The document then discusses how poverty lines have been defined in India based on calorie requirements. It analyzes how task forces have modified definitions to account for other nutritional needs beyond just calories. The goal of the document is to use linear programming to model optimal diets for Indians to meet nutritional needs within poverty line budgets.
The document discusses India's food security situation and the right to food. It provides statistics on food production, exports, imports and balance for countries in South Asia. It also shows changes in hunger index for various countries from 1996 to 2011. Graphs show India's growth in population, GDP and foodgrain production from 1951-2012. It highlights issues such as malnutrition, anemia, and regional disparities in India. The document discusses various government programs for food security and analyses causes of ongoing hunger. It examines debates around the National Food Security Bill and additional measures needed to guarantee the right to food for all Indians.
Day 2
Professor P. S Ramakrishnan, Professor, School of Environmental Sciences
Ecology for Economy; Case of traditional cultivation practices
Biraj Patnaik Advisor, Food Commissioner's Office
Right to Food Campaign; The Case of Right to Food in India
The document discusses inclusive growth, poverty, and economic development in India. It outlines five key elements of inclusive growth: 1) poverty reduction and increased employment, 2) agricultural development, 3) social sector development, 4) reduced regional disparities, and 5) environmental protection. It analyzes trends in poverty in India, challenges in employment, issues in agriculture, problems in the social sector, and regional imbalances. The document argues that achieving broad-based, inclusive growth is necessary to improve economic growth and benefit all sections of society.
The document discusses approaches to addressing ecological poverty in rural India through community-led sustainable development and natural resource management. It summarizes two case studies of successful watershed management initiatives in Jhabua and Hivre Bazar that regenerated local ecosystems, improved livelihoods and reduced poverty and migration through community participation and governance. Key lessons highlighted include making water conservation a priority, empowering local communities and institutions, and developing new development paradigms centered around access to natural resources.
Day 3
Ms. R A Jena, Director, Perspective Planning, Planning Commission
A Fragmentary Account of the State and Nature of Poverty in India
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
Sukhomajri, The Watershed Experience
Field Trip
Madhu Sarin, Environmental activist on forest rights and tribal rights
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The document discusses India's public distribution system for food grains. It provides details on:
1) The evolution of the PDS over time from a general entitlement scheme to the targeted PDS in 1997 aimed at benefiting poor families.
2) Key features of the revamped PDS launched in 1992 and targeted PDS launched in 1997 including allocation amounts and pricing.
3) Provisions and highlights of the National Food Security Act passed in 2013 including entitlements for priority households, nutritional support for different groups, and reforms proposed under the Act.
4) Operational challenges faced in production, procurement, storage and distribution through the PDS as well as associated financial challenges of implementing the Act.
The document discusses India's food security situation and the right to food. It provides statistics on food production, exports, imports and balance for countries in South Asia. It also shows changes in hunger index for various countries from 1996 to 2011. Graphs show India's growth in population, GDP and foodgrain production from 1951-2012. It highlights issues such as malnutrition, anemia, and regional disparities in India. The document discusses various government programs for food security and analyses causes of ongoing hunger. It examines debates around the National Food Security Bill and additional measures needed to guarantee the right to food for all Indians.
Day 2
Professor P. S Ramakrishnan, Professor, School of Environmental Sciences
Ecology for Economy; Case of traditional cultivation practices
Biraj Patnaik Advisor, Food Commissioner's Office
Right to Food Campaign; The Case of Right to Food in India
The document discusses inclusive growth, poverty, and economic development in India. It outlines five key elements of inclusive growth: 1) poverty reduction and increased employment, 2) agricultural development, 3) social sector development, 4) reduced regional disparities, and 5) environmental protection. It analyzes trends in poverty in India, challenges in employment, issues in agriculture, problems in the social sector, and regional imbalances. The document argues that achieving broad-based, inclusive growth is necessary to improve economic growth and benefit all sections of society.
The document discusses approaches to addressing ecological poverty in rural India through community-led sustainable development and natural resource management. It summarizes two case studies of successful watershed management initiatives in Jhabua and Hivre Bazar that regenerated local ecosystems, improved livelihoods and reduced poverty and migration through community participation and governance. Key lessons highlighted include making water conservation a priority, empowering local communities and institutions, and developing new development paradigms centered around access to natural resources.
Day 3
Ms. R A Jena, Director, Perspective Planning, Planning Commission
A Fragmentary Account of the State and Nature of Poverty in India
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
Sukhomajri, The Watershed Experience
Field Trip
Madhu Sarin, Environmental activist on forest rights and tribal rights
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The document discusses India's public distribution system for food grains. It provides details on:
1) The evolution of the PDS over time from a general entitlement scheme to the targeted PDS in 1997 aimed at benefiting poor families.
2) Key features of the revamped PDS launched in 1992 and targeted PDS launched in 1997 including allocation amounts and pricing.
3) Provisions and highlights of the National Food Security Act passed in 2013 including entitlements for priority households, nutritional support for different groups, and reforms proposed under the Act.
4) Operational challenges faced in production, procurement, storage and distribution through the PDS as well as associated financial challenges of implementing the Act.
The document discusses the concept of poverty and poverty lines. It defines poverty as the inability to afford basic necessities for survival. The poverty line is based on minimum calorie intake, with the international standard being 2300 calories per day. In India, the poverty line is defined as 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 in urban areas. The document then discusses estimates of poverty levels in India from various organizations over time, showing a decline in poverty but with significant portions of the population still below the poverty line. It also lists various government schemes aimed at poverty alleviation and employment generation in rural and urban areas of India.
Bangladesh faces significant food insecurity challenges, with over 60 million people not having adequate access to nutritious foods. While rice production has increased, the average diet lacks diversity and many nutrients. World Vision Bangladesh addresses these issues through agricultural and non-farm training programs that improve crop yields, introduce diversified production, and increase incomes. Their programs have reached over 155,000 small farmers and food insecure households. Key activities include farmer field schools, introduction of organic practices, and developing community extension systems, with outcomes of increased food production, diversified diets and livelihoods, and improved food security overall.
This presentation based on current scenario of India's Food security and different polices or programs run by Indian government for prevention of malnutrition
The document discusses India's National Food Security Act and debates around ensuring food security for all citizens. It provides details on discussions and recommendations from the National Advisory Council (NAC) between 2010-2013 regarding a proposed universal public distribution system, nutrition support programs, and other entitlements to address food insecurity and malnutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and the poor. The NAC consulted with various experts and ministries to develop the framework for a Right to Food Security Bill that aims to eliminate hunger and undernutrition in India through a holistic approach.
1) The document discusses the National Food Security Bill 2013 in India, outlining why it is required, its background and development over time, key aspects of the bill such as entitlements for different groups, and issues around its implementation and sustainability.
2) It provides statistics on malnutrition and hunger in India to demonstrate the need for the bill, and summarizes the bill's provisions around public distribution systems, entitlements for different groups, identification of eligible households, and establishment of food commissions.
3) It also addresses questions around whether India has sufficient food grain production to sustain the bill's initiatives and whether the bill is financially sustainable, noting debates on both sides of this issue.
- Farmland policy in Indonesia aims to provide farmers access to enough land but implementation has been limited. Agricultural censuses from 2003-2013 show a decline in smallholder farmers with less than 0.5 hectares of land and a rise in agricultural enterprises.
- Recent policies under Nawa Cita and the National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019 aim to improve land redistribution and legalize land ownership for smallholders and farm workers through identifying 9 million hectares of land. However, the percentage of young farmers aged 15-29 in the agricultural workforce has been declining from 25.12% in 2007 to 23.03% in 2011.
- Ensuring future opportunities for land access and distribution will require serious
The document discusses various aspects of poverty including definitions, measurements, and methods used to estimate poverty levels in India over time. It provides background on how poverty is defined and measured, including living below $1.90/day (extreme poverty) and between $3.20-5.50/day (relative poverty). It summarizes different committees and methods that have been used to calculate poverty lines in India since the British period, including the Alagh Committee which first defined the poverty line based on daily calorie consumption, the Lakdawala formula which calculated average minimum household expenditure, and the Tendulkar Committee which developed a new methodology accounting for changes in consumption patterns and costs of health and education.
Agriculture has been the major source of livelihood in Nigeria, primarily because the environment is favorable for Agricultural practice. On the basis of climate, topography and vegetation the country is divided into five agricultural zones, namely Dry sub humid, Sub-humid, very humid and swamp/flood. Subsistence agriculture formed the major system of farming in the olden days which provide food crops for human consumption, while surplus are transported to the local markets for sale. Subsistence agriculture also forms the basis upon which all other system of farming are built. Hence, this paper examines the problems and prospects of subsistence agriculture in Ibarapa East local Government Area of Oyo State. Ten farming centres were used as samples in the area. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Percentage and T-test distribution techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is low agricultural production in the study area as a result of problems such as shortage of fund, land tenure system, inadequate transportation system among others.
Strategies to Enhance Youths’ Involvement in Agricultural Production Enterpri...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that aimed to determine strategies to enhance youth involvement in agricultural production enterprises in Benue State, Nigeria. The study identified factors inhibiting youth participation and proposed strategies to enhance participation. A questionnaire was administered to 258 youths and 142 agricultural extension agents. The results showed that all 13 items surveyed were inhibiting factors, and all 17 proposed strategies were accepted as ways to enhance youth participation in agricultural enterprises, such as providing loans and linking agriculture to social media. The study recommended mentoring and encouraging youths through various strategies to boost involvement in agricultural production and employment.
Food security and public distribution systemshivalika sood
This document provides information about India's agriculture sector, food production, food security challenges, and the Public Distribution System (PDS). It notes that while India achieved food self-sufficiency 35 years ago, about 35% of the population remains food insecure due to low incomes and high food prices. The PDS aims to distribute subsidized food to those in need through a network of fair price shops, but currently only meets less than 10% of the consumption needs of the poor. It provides details on the evolution and workings of the PDS in India.
Agriculture in Bihar: the latent sector of development inventionjournals
Bihar is the third most populous state in India with majority of its population depending on agriculture. Thus, agriculture yet forms the backbone of development. An average Indian still spends almost half of his/her total expenditure on food and roughly half of India’s work force is still engaged in agriculture for its livelihood. Being both a source of livelihood and food security for a vast majority of low income, poor and vulnerable sections of society, its performance assumes greater significance in view of the proposed National Food Security Bill and the ongoing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme. The experience from BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South African) countries indicates that a one percentage growth in agriculture is at least two to three times more effective in reducing poverty than the same growth emanating from non-agriculture sectors. Thus with proper thrust on technologies, institutional direction, farm level support services, all delivery mechanisms, improved farm infrastructure including rural connectivity , Bihar could be developed as a granary of India. It can also be developed as the major hub of fruits, vegetables, and fisheries for both national and global markets. The entire economic growth processes in Bihar depends on the dynamics of agriculture. There are successful experiments in different parts of the country, which if adopted, can provide an answer to various problems which Bihar is facing in its race to higher productivity levels. Bihar can then surely catch up with the present productivity levels of rice and wheat in Punjab and other cherished goals in maize, pulses, oilseeds, horticulture and livestock production in the next few year Plans. The paper tries to prove that if agriculture is developed systematically then agriculture can be one of the major profit earning sectors for Bihar.
The position of sustainable livelihood in developmental plans of Iran. ( appl...inventionjournals
Regarding the fact that the poorest people of the world especially in developing countries live in villages and their income and life depend on natural resources, it is very necessary to pay attention to sustainable livelihood. Sustainable livelihood approach is one of the new analytic approaches in village development which has attracted the attention of many in the recent years to investigate development of village and decrease the poverty. At the centre of this approach the poor and their properties are located and around it, we can see the factors which affect their income. One of the very important factors in this respect is the structures and processes governing the society which can determine availability to properties of livelihood and they have this capacity to create livelihood strategies. Such structures include the rules and policies of government, institutions and private companies. The structures and processes can be applied to create a large number of strategies and the consequences of livelihood which are effective in enhancing the perspective of sustainability. The main problem of this study is investigating ( studying) the position of sustainable livelihood in the policies and rules of Iran which will be indicated in the form of long-term and mid-term plans. To do so, qualitative content analysis was used to investigate documents of development. Some of the documents used include: Iran developmental plan in 2026, the general policies in agriculture, and the policies and rules of the second to fifth plan of developmental. The results indicate that in spite of the existence of sustainable livelihood in the investigated (studied) documents, little balance and development is observed among the five aspects of sustainable livelihood specifically in aspects which violates people’s properties like vulnerability backgrounds that refer to natural destructions and procedures and seasonal changes. Furthermore, less attention has been paid to livelihood strategies compared to others
This document discusses poverty in India. It defines poverty and lists its key causes such as corruption, high population growth, and the legacy of the caste system. Some key facts presented include that as of 2005, 85.7% of Indians live on less than $2.50 per day and the Planning Commission estimated 27.5% of Indians lived below the poverty line in 2004-2005. Several Indian states have significantly higher poverty rates than some of the world's poorest countries.
Access to agricultural extension services of marginalized farmersHalim Miah
This document summarizes a research paper on access to agricultural extension services for marginalized farmers in Bangladesh. It finds that while small farmers cultivate most of the country's land and drive food security, they lack access to crucial services and resources due to control by powerful local elites. The paper aims to identify gaps in existing services and policies, examine how local power dynamics hinder poor farmers, and develop advocacy strategies to make services more inclusive. It seeks to engage stakeholders to influence policy and bridge gaps at local levels to improve service delivery and accountability for marginalized groups such as women producers.
This document summarizes a study on rural health care in Thoubal District, Manipur, India. It finds that while India's constitution recognizes health as a primary duty, rural populations still lack adequate access to health care due to factors like poverty, lack of infrastructure, and social/psychological barriers. The study aims to evaluate health care facilities and services in Thoubal District, examine factors influencing access to primary health care, and assess the quality of services provided by health care workers to rural communities. It analyzes key health indicators for Manipur from the National Family Health Survey and finds that while material well-being is low, Manipur has relatively good public health outcomes, such as low infant mortality.
A Conceptual Model of Rural Development IndexAI Publications
Rural Areas are deprived of basic amenities such as access to drinking water, electricity, toilets and sewage systems giving rise to unhygienic conditions in the rural areas. Lack of healthcare facility in terms of infrastructure and staff has aggravated problems of health leading to infant mortality, death of pregnant mothers, decreased average life span in rural areas. Poor quality of teaching fraternity and non availability of infrastructure are major reason for illiteracy and unemployment. Non-agricultural income such as animal husbandry, sericulture and vocational trainings that supplement the agricultural income that needs to be focused. Mechanization should be the priority in enhancing agricultural yield followed by storage and transportation facility to the market in raising agricultural income. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides due to lack of knowledge among farmers contribute to water as well as air pollution deteriorating the environment. The disposable income spent on cultural aspects needs to be taken into consideration in assessing the status of the rural area. There is a need to assess rural areas from five dimensions such as economic, education, health, environment and disposable income in understanding present level of development in rural areas. Cause and effect diagram is established contributing to the development of specified domains. The conceptual index is a composition of Result Index and Cause Index. This distinction aids in examining the result index to measure the current level of rural development and cause index to evaluate the process of rural development for policy makers in identifying the areas of improvement in the overall development of the rural area.
Abstract
The paper investigates Nigeria’s attempt at improving food security using the agricultural promotion policy and Sustainable Development Goal 2. It situates the discussion via empirical and cross-national review that juxtaposes Nigeria with seven other countries. The study relied on secondary sources of data, which were textually analysed. It is observable from the review that food insecurity results from a plethora of factors, namely: poor funding of agriculture; top-bottom approach to policy formulation and implementation; inadequate appreciation of the role of science and technology; natural disasters; and human-induced afflictions such as insurgency, banditry and general security deficits within and across national borders. To ameliorate these, strategic planning; robust technology adoption/adaptation; resuscitation of agricultural co-operative societies and funding institutions operating at reduced or free-interest on loans to practising farmers are canvassed by this paper. Other suggestions proffered are capable of redressing food security deficits identified.
Keywords: Agriculture, Food, Food Security, Policy, Nigeria
Achieving Excellence in Agricultural Education: Mobilizing Experience from Around the World. This document, using experience from around the world, highlights the importance of agricultural education in agricultural development and productivity growth.
A presentation by Sonalde Desai as part of Impacts of Inequality on Children's Well-being panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
Ashok gaur food security and food security bill in indiaBJVM
The document discusses India's National Food Security Bill and the ongoing challenges around food security in India. It notes that while food production is generally adequate, distribution remains a problem. The National Food Security Bill aims to address this issue through a rights-based approach, guaranteeing subsidized food grains to 67% of the population. However, ensuring food security at a micro level across India's large population faces ongoing challenges such as targeting the right beneficiaries, agricultural sustainability, and credible public distribution systems. Effective policy tools and implementation will be needed to achieve the goal of food and nutritional security for all.
This document discusses poverty, hunger and agriculture in India in the context of achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It provides an overview of India's progress in reducing poverty and malnutrition. While poverty has declined faster in recent years, multi-dimensional poverty and certain states and social groups still have high poverty levels. Both agriculture and non-agriculture sector growth have contributed to poverty reduction, though there is debate around their relative impacts. Reducing malnutrition will require continued efforts across agriculture, nutrition programs, women's empowerment and water/sanitation.
1. The document discusses poverty measurement in India, including definitions of poverty and key indicators used to measure poverty such as head count ratio, poverty gap index, and squared poverty index. It also discusses income and non-income indicators of poverty like the Human Development Index.
2. The Indian economy has undergone structural changes with a shift to a more market-oriented development strategy in the 1990s. This has led to a decline in the share of the primary sector (agriculture) and rising shares of the secondary (industry) and tertiary (services) sectors. Services have become the major driver of growth in India's economy.
3. Factors like the growth of IT and knowledge industries, and rising demand
The document discusses the concept of poverty and poverty lines. It defines poverty as the inability to afford basic necessities for survival. The poverty line is based on minimum calorie intake, with the international standard being 2300 calories per day. In India, the poverty line is defined as 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 in urban areas. The document then discusses estimates of poverty levels in India from various organizations over time, showing a decline in poverty but with significant portions of the population still below the poverty line. It also lists various government schemes aimed at poverty alleviation and employment generation in rural and urban areas of India.
Bangladesh faces significant food insecurity challenges, with over 60 million people not having adequate access to nutritious foods. While rice production has increased, the average diet lacks diversity and many nutrients. World Vision Bangladesh addresses these issues through agricultural and non-farm training programs that improve crop yields, introduce diversified production, and increase incomes. Their programs have reached over 155,000 small farmers and food insecure households. Key activities include farmer field schools, introduction of organic practices, and developing community extension systems, with outcomes of increased food production, diversified diets and livelihoods, and improved food security overall.
This presentation based on current scenario of India's Food security and different polices or programs run by Indian government for prevention of malnutrition
The document discusses India's National Food Security Act and debates around ensuring food security for all citizens. It provides details on discussions and recommendations from the National Advisory Council (NAC) between 2010-2013 regarding a proposed universal public distribution system, nutrition support programs, and other entitlements to address food insecurity and malnutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and the poor. The NAC consulted with various experts and ministries to develop the framework for a Right to Food Security Bill that aims to eliminate hunger and undernutrition in India through a holistic approach.
1) The document discusses the National Food Security Bill 2013 in India, outlining why it is required, its background and development over time, key aspects of the bill such as entitlements for different groups, and issues around its implementation and sustainability.
2) It provides statistics on malnutrition and hunger in India to demonstrate the need for the bill, and summarizes the bill's provisions around public distribution systems, entitlements for different groups, identification of eligible households, and establishment of food commissions.
3) It also addresses questions around whether India has sufficient food grain production to sustain the bill's initiatives and whether the bill is financially sustainable, noting debates on both sides of this issue.
- Farmland policy in Indonesia aims to provide farmers access to enough land but implementation has been limited. Agricultural censuses from 2003-2013 show a decline in smallholder farmers with less than 0.5 hectares of land and a rise in agricultural enterprises.
- Recent policies under Nawa Cita and the National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019 aim to improve land redistribution and legalize land ownership for smallholders and farm workers through identifying 9 million hectares of land. However, the percentage of young farmers aged 15-29 in the agricultural workforce has been declining from 25.12% in 2007 to 23.03% in 2011.
- Ensuring future opportunities for land access and distribution will require serious
The document discusses various aspects of poverty including definitions, measurements, and methods used to estimate poverty levels in India over time. It provides background on how poverty is defined and measured, including living below $1.90/day (extreme poverty) and between $3.20-5.50/day (relative poverty). It summarizes different committees and methods that have been used to calculate poverty lines in India since the British period, including the Alagh Committee which first defined the poverty line based on daily calorie consumption, the Lakdawala formula which calculated average minimum household expenditure, and the Tendulkar Committee which developed a new methodology accounting for changes in consumption patterns and costs of health and education.
Agriculture has been the major source of livelihood in Nigeria, primarily because the environment is favorable for Agricultural practice. On the basis of climate, topography and vegetation the country is divided into five agricultural zones, namely Dry sub humid, Sub-humid, very humid and swamp/flood. Subsistence agriculture formed the major system of farming in the olden days which provide food crops for human consumption, while surplus are transported to the local markets for sale. Subsistence agriculture also forms the basis upon which all other system of farming are built. Hence, this paper examines the problems and prospects of subsistence agriculture in Ibarapa East local Government Area of Oyo State. Ten farming centres were used as samples in the area. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Percentage and T-test distribution techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is low agricultural production in the study area as a result of problems such as shortage of fund, land tenure system, inadequate transportation system among others.
Strategies to Enhance Youths’ Involvement in Agricultural Production Enterpri...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that aimed to determine strategies to enhance youth involvement in agricultural production enterprises in Benue State, Nigeria. The study identified factors inhibiting youth participation and proposed strategies to enhance participation. A questionnaire was administered to 258 youths and 142 agricultural extension agents. The results showed that all 13 items surveyed were inhibiting factors, and all 17 proposed strategies were accepted as ways to enhance youth participation in agricultural enterprises, such as providing loans and linking agriculture to social media. The study recommended mentoring and encouraging youths through various strategies to boost involvement in agricultural production and employment.
Food security and public distribution systemshivalika sood
This document provides information about India's agriculture sector, food production, food security challenges, and the Public Distribution System (PDS). It notes that while India achieved food self-sufficiency 35 years ago, about 35% of the population remains food insecure due to low incomes and high food prices. The PDS aims to distribute subsidized food to those in need through a network of fair price shops, but currently only meets less than 10% of the consumption needs of the poor. It provides details on the evolution and workings of the PDS in India.
Agriculture in Bihar: the latent sector of development inventionjournals
Bihar is the third most populous state in India with majority of its population depending on agriculture. Thus, agriculture yet forms the backbone of development. An average Indian still spends almost half of his/her total expenditure on food and roughly half of India’s work force is still engaged in agriculture for its livelihood. Being both a source of livelihood and food security for a vast majority of low income, poor and vulnerable sections of society, its performance assumes greater significance in view of the proposed National Food Security Bill and the ongoing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme. The experience from BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South African) countries indicates that a one percentage growth in agriculture is at least two to three times more effective in reducing poverty than the same growth emanating from non-agriculture sectors. Thus with proper thrust on technologies, institutional direction, farm level support services, all delivery mechanisms, improved farm infrastructure including rural connectivity , Bihar could be developed as a granary of India. It can also be developed as the major hub of fruits, vegetables, and fisheries for both national and global markets. The entire economic growth processes in Bihar depends on the dynamics of agriculture. There are successful experiments in different parts of the country, which if adopted, can provide an answer to various problems which Bihar is facing in its race to higher productivity levels. Bihar can then surely catch up with the present productivity levels of rice and wheat in Punjab and other cherished goals in maize, pulses, oilseeds, horticulture and livestock production in the next few year Plans. The paper tries to prove that if agriculture is developed systematically then agriculture can be one of the major profit earning sectors for Bihar.
The position of sustainable livelihood in developmental plans of Iran. ( appl...inventionjournals
Regarding the fact that the poorest people of the world especially in developing countries live in villages and their income and life depend on natural resources, it is very necessary to pay attention to sustainable livelihood. Sustainable livelihood approach is one of the new analytic approaches in village development which has attracted the attention of many in the recent years to investigate development of village and decrease the poverty. At the centre of this approach the poor and their properties are located and around it, we can see the factors which affect their income. One of the very important factors in this respect is the structures and processes governing the society which can determine availability to properties of livelihood and they have this capacity to create livelihood strategies. Such structures include the rules and policies of government, institutions and private companies. The structures and processes can be applied to create a large number of strategies and the consequences of livelihood which are effective in enhancing the perspective of sustainability. The main problem of this study is investigating ( studying) the position of sustainable livelihood in the policies and rules of Iran which will be indicated in the form of long-term and mid-term plans. To do so, qualitative content analysis was used to investigate documents of development. Some of the documents used include: Iran developmental plan in 2026, the general policies in agriculture, and the policies and rules of the second to fifth plan of developmental. The results indicate that in spite of the existence of sustainable livelihood in the investigated (studied) documents, little balance and development is observed among the five aspects of sustainable livelihood specifically in aspects which violates people’s properties like vulnerability backgrounds that refer to natural destructions and procedures and seasonal changes. Furthermore, less attention has been paid to livelihood strategies compared to others
This document discusses poverty in India. It defines poverty and lists its key causes such as corruption, high population growth, and the legacy of the caste system. Some key facts presented include that as of 2005, 85.7% of Indians live on less than $2.50 per day and the Planning Commission estimated 27.5% of Indians lived below the poverty line in 2004-2005. Several Indian states have significantly higher poverty rates than some of the world's poorest countries.
Access to agricultural extension services of marginalized farmersHalim Miah
This document summarizes a research paper on access to agricultural extension services for marginalized farmers in Bangladesh. It finds that while small farmers cultivate most of the country's land and drive food security, they lack access to crucial services and resources due to control by powerful local elites. The paper aims to identify gaps in existing services and policies, examine how local power dynamics hinder poor farmers, and develop advocacy strategies to make services more inclusive. It seeks to engage stakeholders to influence policy and bridge gaps at local levels to improve service delivery and accountability for marginalized groups such as women producers.
This document summarizes a study on rural health care in Thoubal District, Manipur, India. It finds that while India's constitution recognizes health as a primary duty, rural populations still lack adequate access to health care due to factors like poverty, lack of infrastructure, and social/psychological barriers. The study aims to evaluate health care facilities and services in Thoubal District, examine factors influencing access to primary health care, and assess the quality of services provided by health care workers to rural communities. It analyzes key health indicators for Manipur from the National Family Health Survey and finds that while material well-being is low, Manipur has relatively good public health outcomes, such as low infant mortality.
A Conceptual Model of Rural Development IndexAI Publications
Rural Areas are deprived of basic amenities such as access to drinking water, electricity, toilets and sewage systems giving rise to unhygienic conditions in the rural areas. Lack of healthcare facility in terms of infrastructure and staff has aggravated problems of health leading to infant mortality, death of pregnant mothers, decreased average life span in rural areas. Poor quality of teaching fraternity and non availability of infrastructure are major reason for illiteracy and unemployment. Non-agricultural income such as animal husbandry, sericulture and vocational trainings that supplement the agricultural income that needs to be focused. Mechanization should be the priority in enhancing agricultural yield followed by storage and transportation facility to the market in raising agricultural income. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides due to lack of knowledge among farmers contribute to water as well as air pollution deteriorating the environment. The disposable income spent on cultural aspects needs to be taken into consideration in assessing the status of the rural area. There is a need to assess rural areas from five dimensions such as economic, education, health, environment and disposable income in understanding present level of development in rural areas. Cause and effect diagram is established contributing to the development of specified domains. The conceptual index is a composition of Result Index and Cause Index. This distinction aids in examining the result index to measure the current level of rural development and cause index to evaluate the process of rural development for policy makers in identifying the areas of improvement in the overall development of the rural area.
Abstract
The paper investigates Nigeria’s attempt at improving food security using the agricultural promotion policy and Sustainable Development Goal 2. It situates the discussion via empirical and cross-national review that juxtaposes Nigeria with seven other countries. The study relied on secondary sources of data, which were textually analysed. It is observable from the review that food insecurity results from a plethora of factors, namely: poor funding of agriculture; top-bottom approach to policy formulation and implementation; inadequate appreciation of the role of science and technology; natural disasters; and human-induced afflictions such as insurgency, banditry and general security deficits within and across national borders. To ameliorate these, strategic planning; robust technology adoption/adaptation; resuscitation of agricultural co-operative societies and funding institutions operating at reduced or free-interest on loans to practising farmers are canvassed by this paper. Other suggestions proffered are capable of redressing food security deficits identified.
Keywords: Agriculture, Food, Food Security, Policy, Nigeria
Achieving Excellence in Agricultural Education: Mobilizing Experience from Around the World. This document, using experience from around the world, highlights the importance of agricultural education in agricultural development and productivity growth.
A presentation by Sonalde Desai as part of Impacts of Inequality on Children's Well-being panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
Ashok gaur food security and food security bill in indiaBJVM
The document discusses India's National Food Security Bill and the ongoing challenges around food security in India. It notes that while food production is generally adequate, distribution remains a problem. The National Food Security Bill aims to address this issue through a rights-based approach, guaranteeing subsidized food grains to 67% of the population. However, ensuring food security at a micro level across India's large population faces ongoing challenges such as targeting the right beneficiaries, agricultural sustainability, and credible public distribution systems. Effective policy tools and implementation will be needed to achieve the goal of food and nutritional security for all.
This document discusses poverty, hunger and agriculture in India in the context of achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It provides an overview of India's progress in reducing poverty and malnutrition. While poverty has declined faster in recent years, multi-dimensional poverty and certain states and social groups still have high poverty levels. Both agriculture and non-agriculture sector growth have contributed to poverty reduction, though there is debate around their relative impacts. Reducing malnutrition will require continued efforts across agriculture, nutrition programs, women's empowerment and water/sanitation.
1. The document discusses poverty measurement in India, including definitions of poverty and key indicators used to measure poverty such as head count ratio, poverty gap index, and squared poverty index. It also discusses income and non-income indicators of poverty like the Human Development Index.
2. The Indian economy has undergone structural changes with a shift to a more market-oriented development strategy in the 1990s. This has led to a decline in the share of the primary sector (agriculture) and rising shares of the secondary (industry) and tertiary (services) sectors. Services have become the major driver of growth in India's economy.
3. Factors like the growth of IT and knowledge industries, and rising demand
This document provides a review of literature related to food security and insecurity. It discusses several studies that have examined issues like chronic and transient food insecurity, the evolution of the concept of food security, the buffer stock policy, impact of population growth and income on food demand, food demand projections, causes of food insecurity at national and household levels, and the relationship between liberalization, trade, agriculture, and food security. The review covers topics such as food availability and accessibility in the context of economic reforms, and the role of the Public Distribution System in providing food security.
Poverty is defined as the inability to afford basic human needs. The document discusses the types, causes, and government measures to address poverty in India. Sections of society vulnerable to poverty include street vendors, beggars, and landless/small farmers. Characteristics of poverty include lack of food, shelter, education, and healthcare. Government poverty alleviation programs provide employment, resources, and access to necessities in order to reduce poverty in India.
India has high levels of malnutrition, with over 40% of the world's underweight children under 5 living in India. Malnutrition is deeply rooted through intergenerational cycles and is caused by multiple factors beyond just poverty. Currently India lacks a comprehensive national program to combat malnutrition, and existing programs do not sufficiently address the issue across generations. Malnutrition is estimated to cost India approximately 4% of its GDP annually in lost productivity and economic output. A new national strategy is needed to integrate multi-sectoral interventions that address all direct and indirect causes of malnutrition simultaneously.
A Critical Evaluation on Accounting and Measurements of Poverty and Poverty L...ijtsrd
This paper has introduced from Criticism on Poverty measurement of various planning in India. In this world every citizen need some important common needs for entire life. If people doesn’t have that needs they would be suffer in future. Poverty measured by policy makers they calculated Below Poverty Line BPL one day Rs. 35 for food. According to a new poverty Development Goals Report, as many as 320 million people in India and China are expected to come out of extreme poverty in the next four years, while India’s poverty rate is projected to drop to 22 in 2015. India has 31 of the population still in poverty line compared with data three African countries contribution of population have. A 2010 report by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative OPHI states that 8 Indian states have more poor than 26 poorest African nations combined which totals to more than 410 million poor in the poorest African countries. Montek Singh Ahluwalia said that was enough for either poor or neither richer to satisfy a single day. Entire Indian people were felt shake when heard this announcement. Another side they spent Lakhs Rupees for constructed and repair for single toilet room for planning commission officials. Here notable that is real is differing from originality. Dr. M. Vadivel | Dr. S. Ponnarasu "A Critical Evaluation on Accounting and Measurements of Poverty and Poverty Line in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/48026/a-critical-evaluation-on-accounting-and-measurements-of-poverty-and-poverty-line-in-india/dr-m-vadivel
Poverty is a complex problem with many causes and effects. The document defines poverty as a lack of basic needs like food, shelter, healthcare, and education. It discusses absolute poverty, which is not being able to afford minimum living requirements, versus relative poverty, which is defined in comparison to others. Common causes of poverty include population growth, underutilized resources, low agricultural productivity, and unemployment. The effects of poverty especially impact children, women, and education levels. The government of India has implemented various programs and schemes aimed at reducing poverty through rural employment, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs.
This document discusses the changing nature of rural livelihoods in India. It notes that while India's economy has grown, many rural areas still face poverty and food insecurity. Rural livelihoods increasingly rely on non-farm activities as agriculture alone often cannot support families. The document examines trends in agriculture, including a shift to cash crops over food crops, declining food intake, and threats to small farmers' livelihood security and food security. It argues for understanding rural livelihoods holistically rather than through any single lens.
Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Program, and Dietary Pattern Assessment ...ijtsrd
Background Being active and adhering to a right dietary regime perpetuates physiological, psychological and social health of the individual. To ameliorate nutritional well being at the time of Covid 19 especially among farmers still a challenge due to lack of awareness and nutrition education program. Farmers are prominent in our nation and source of dependent for safe food they are unperturbed about their dietary pattern which effectuates illness, infection and diseases among farmers. Hence it is necessary to study about their dietary pattern, and educate those regarding safe eating practices, and to sustain good hygiene practices during Covid 19. Objectives The present study was conducted to elicit information regarding the socio demographic profile, medical history and dietary pattern of the farmers. To conduct and to analyze the effect of nutrition education program using the pretest and post test questionnaire. Methodology This experimental research was conducted among one hundred and sixty farmers between 20 to 60 years of age residing in the villages of Ramanathapuram district Tharakudi and Kokkarasankottai respectively using an Interview schedule. This study was conducted in the period of October 2020 to April 2021 after first wave hits India. Flex, Posters and Pamphlets were prepared and used as a tool for conducting Nutrition Education Program. Culmination of Nutrition education program was live demonstration and distribution of Foxtail millet pongal and kabasura kudineer to the farmers as to ignite the importance of traditional millets consumption, locally available fruits and Zinc and Vitamin C rich foods in farmer’s diet to combat the transmission of virus. Pre test and Post test questionnaire were used to assess the practice of eating right and to appraise the impact of nutrition education program. Statistical analysis’t’ test was used to determine the significance of the nutrition education program. Results Majority thirty five percent of the farmers aged above 50 and ninety five percent of the farmers are re using the oil which may induce affliction among farmers. It has been found that forty nine percent of the farmers reported with knee and joint pain and twenty six percent of the farmers had hyper tension. Almost all the farmers are including cereals daily in their diet and Palm oil is the main source of oil which was used in their cooking widely beside sunflower oil. Live demonstration of Foxtail millet pongal and kabasura kudineer were administered. Group counseling and in matter of necessity, personal counseling was also given to the farmers. Result reveals that there is a significant difference p 0.05 before and after the nutrition education program. Conclusion Value of Traditional foods, consumption of fruits and vegetables has been re recognized during the times of Covid 19. Nevertheless they don’t give great significance to their dietary pattern, Nutrition Education Program was conducted to empower the farmers and to fil
Malnutrition remains a significant problem in India, with 17.5% of the population undernourished. The document outlines several causes of malnutrition including lack of awareness, government failures, and productive assetlessness. It proposes solutions like educational reforms, increasing corporate social responsibility efforts, and establishing a national strategy to combat malnutrition through multi-sector interventions. Overall, the document analyzes the scope and causes of malnutrition in India, and suggests policy and programmatic solutions to reduce undernutrition.
Study of Lifestyle Trends on Changing Food Habits of Indian Consumersiosrjce
Global markets have increased the plethora of options available to Indian consumers. With the clear
shift in consumer tastes and preferences, food companies have also capitalized on the same. While Indian
consumers are still not as heavily impacted by the obesity epidemic like some other developed nations – there is
a clear shift; one which does not augur well for the health of the average citizen. The objective of this paper was
to identify these key lifestyle trends that have emerged over the dozen years or so – and understand the way they
are changing food habits. For this purpose, we talked to 600 respondents across 6 cities in India. The research
was conducted using a questionnaire administered online and through CATI. The results overwhelmingly show
that there is a shift from opting to eat at home to opting to eat out. Also interestingly awareness about harmful
effects of processed foods was high but the reason for consumption was attributed primarily to ease of purchase.
The implications of the research are an attempt to ensure that key steps are taken by public officials: such as a
tax on unhealthy foods, subsidies for healthy food, and promotion of healthy norms. Also FSSAI guidelines need
to strengthen to ensure that customer awareness increase and food companies opt for a more transparent
communication platform.
IRJET- Zariya-A Means of Ending Hunger with the Help of TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed online platform called "Zariya" that aims to help end hunger in India by connecting those with excess food to donate with those in need. It would work as a food bank, rescuing surplus food from the supply chain and distributing it. People and organizations could donate extra food through the site, and those lacking adequate food access could request donations. The goal is to ensure no one goes hungry and reduce food waste. It highlights statistics on hunger issues in India, including the number of malnourished children and women. The proposed system would help streamline the donation process online to more efficiently match food supplies with demand.
India has seen a significant reduction in poverty over recent decades, though poverty remains a challenge. According to the document, extreme poverty in India declined from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in 2019 based on World Bank standards. Other estimates indicate 271 million people were lifted out of extreme poverty from 2005-2015. While poverty is declining, a large portion of the population still lives on less than $3.2 per day, and wealth is highly concentrated among the top 1% of the population. There are debates around how best to define and measure poverty in India given its diverse conditions.
This document discusses poverty in India over time. Some key points:
- Poverty rates have declined significantly in India since the 1980s but still affect a large portion of the population. Extreme poverty fell to 0.8% in 2019 according to the IMF.
- Definitions of poverty vary, but the World Bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than $1.90 per day. India's national poverty line is lower at about $0.50 per day.
- During British colonial rule in the late 19th/early 20th century, poverty intensified in India. Deindustrialization, land use changes, and famines killed millions. Independence prevented further famines.
-
This document discusses different approaches that have been used to define and measure poverty in India over time. It outlines the key concepts of absolute and relative poverty and perspectives of poverty including income, basic needs, and capabilities. It then summarizes the major expert committees that have established India's official poverty lines since 1962, including their methodology and recommendations. The most recent expert group in 2012 under Rangarajan proposed monthly expenditure poverty lines of Rs. 972 in rural areas and Rs. 1407 in urban areas based on a modified mixed reference period and normative levels of nutrition plus other necessary expenditures.
This document discusses the changing nature of rural livelihoods in India. It notes that while India's economy has grown, poverty and hunger remain problems, especially in rural areas. Agriculture's share of GDP and employment has declined as industry and services have grown. There has been a shift from staple crops to more cash crops, which has contributed to food insecurity. Rural livelihoods now involve a variety of activities beyond just agriculture due to these economic changes.
The National Nutrition Policy adopted in 1993 aims to eradicate malnutrition in India through a multi-sectoral strategy. It utilizes direct short-term interventions like expanding access to ICDS services and implementing food fortification programs, as well as indirect long-term interventions like improving food security, increasing employment opportunities, and enhancing access to healthcare and education to achieve optimal nutrition for all Indians. The policy's goals are to reduce the incidence of severe and moderate malnutrition, expand coverage of vulnerable groups through ICDS, and increase food grain production and availability by 2000.
This document is a term paper submitted by a student for their BSC degree in economics. It includes information identifying the student such as their name, roll number, and department. The paper analyzes trends in economic growth, inequality, and poverty across Indian states since the early 1990s. It seeks to address questions related to defining poverty lines in India, measuring poverty accurately, the next steps in poverty reduction, the impact of economic reforms on regional inequality, and the relationship between growth and inequality reduction. The paper includes an abstract, introduction discussing key concepts, objectives, a literature review, methodology, data analysis, and conclusions.
Poverty remains a significant problem in India, though it has decreased in recent decades. According to the document, around 42% of Indians lived below the international poverty line of $1.25 per day in 2005, reduced from 60% in 1981. However, poverty estimates vary and are debated. While absolute poverty may have decreased, many Indians still face issues of malnutrition, low human development, and lack of access to necessities. Alleviating poverty in India is an ongoing challenge but economic growth and government programs have helped reduce poverty levels.
This document provides an overview of poverty in India. It begins with two case studies that illustrate the circumstances of impoverished families in rural and urban settings. It then discusses how poverty is defined and measured, including the concept of a poverty line. Key statistics on poverty levels in India over time and across states are presented. The document also examines causes of poverty such as low economic growth, population increase, unequal resource distribution, and other socio-cultural factors. It outlines various government anti-poverty programs and policies and notes ongoing challenges to reducing poverty further.
Similar to IRJET- Analysis of Suitability of Poverty Line Measures using Nutritional Requirements (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.