The document discusses India's National Food Security Act and debates around ensuring food security for all citizens. It provides details on discussions and recommendations from the National Advisory Council (NAC) between 2010-2013 regarding a proposed universal public distribution system, nutrition support programs, and other entitlements to address food insecurity and malnutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and the poor. The NAC consulted with various experts and ministries to develop the framework for a Right to Food Security Bill that aims to eliminate hunger and undernutrition in India through a holistic approach.

1. NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY – 2010-2013
• Govt. of India, National Advisory Council ,
• National Food Security Act 2013
************
NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY CIVIL SOCEITY DEBATES
• What is ‘food insecurity’ & how it may be
eliminated for poor people and children,
• Early childcare, ICDS, Pre-primary education,
• Targeted / Universal Public Distribution System,
• Agri -minister’s Views,
• M S Swaminathan, Amartya K Sen,
• Right to food campaign, other arguments, facts

2. The National Advisory Council
(NAC)
Provided
a broad framework-2010-13

3. The National Advisory Council
•
A broad framework to achieve
the goal of food for all and
forever:
• The NAC's suggestions include
the swift initiation of
• programmes to insulate pregnant
and nursing mothers, infants in
the age group of zero to three,
and other disadvantaged citizens,
from hunger and malnutrition.
• Such special nutrition support
programmes may need annually
about 10 million tonnes of food
grains.
3

4. The NAC has stressed that in the design of the
delivery system there should be
• a proper match between challenge and
response, as for example,
• the starting of community kitchens in urban
areas to ensure that the needy do not go to
bed hungry.
• Pregnant women should get priority.
4

5. NAC Meet: Food Grain Entitlement Programme
NAC takes a holistic
approach to the issue,
with broad concerns
about the nutritional
needs of the most
vulnerable, suggesting 8
different entitlements for
them apart from the PDS.,
such as comprehensive
nutrition support
schemes for infants,
pre-school children, school
children, welfare hostel
students, adolescent girls,
pregnant women, street
children, the homeless, the
aged, the infirm, the
differently abled, those
living with leprosy, TB,
HIV/AIDS etc., together
with community kitchens
and feeding the destitute.
5

6. • The NAC has proposed a phased
programme of implementation of the goal
of universal public distribution system.
• This will start with either one-fourth of the
districts or blocks in 2011-12 and cover the
whole country by 2015,
• on lines similar to that adopted for the
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Programme
(MGNREGP).
6

7. This will provide time to develop infrastructure
such as
• grain storage facilities and
• Village Knowledge Centres and
• the issue of Household Entitlements
Passbooks.
The NAC is developing inputs for the proposed
Food Security Act covering legal entitlements
and enabling provisions based on the principle
of common but differentiated entitlements,
taking into account the unmet needs of the
underprivileged.
7

8. 8

9. Meeting on September 24, 2010
• The Sonia Gandhi-led NAC may finalise the Food
Security Bill in New Delhi on September 24. P. C. Dep.
Chair Montek Singh Ahluwalia and officials from
Ministries concerned, Women and Child Development
Secretary, will be present to try and help bridge the
differences between the NAC and the Commission /
Ministries.
• On August 30, while pushing for universalisation of
food security — the position also of the Campaign for
Food Security — Ms. Gandhi pointed out that the poor
might wonder why the rich were being given the same
entitlements. The view that there be a system of two
prices and differential entitlements was conceded.
9

10. Ms. Gandhi had also underlined the importance of
taking the government's opinion — that of the
Ministries concerned — on board. Since then, key
members of the NAC's Working Group on Food
Security, including Harsh Mander, Jean Dreze and N.C.
Saxena, have had detailed discussions on the issue
with Mr. Ahluwalia and Commission Member Narendra
Jadhav, who doubles as an NAC member. Sources say a
system of differential entitlements is being worked out
so that those living below the poverty line (BPL) — at
the enhanced Tendulkar Committee report's figure of
about 42 per cent — can be given 35 kg of food grains,
with rice at Rs.3 a kg and wheat at Rs.2 a kg. Sources
indicated there was already agreement on this.
10

11. At the NAC meeting on September 24, a decision may be taken
on how much the rest of the population will get — 25 kg of
food grains as promised in the Congress manifesto and in the
President's address last year, or enhanced entitlement of 35
kg, and at what price.
The government is pushing for status quo, while the NAC
would like it to be increased to 35 kg; however, the price,
sources said, at which the food grains will be made available to
the non-BPL population is likely to be pegged at 75 per cent of
the Minimum Support Price (MSP). However, while this part of
the Bill looks headed for a consensus, the more significant part
relating to securing the nutritional requirements of those at
the bottom of the economic ladder, and which has huge
financial implications, will also have to be sorted out.
11

12. At the August 30 meeting, Mr. Mander, who heads the
Working Group on Food Security, had listed a range of
eight entitlements apart from an inclusive and
enhanced Public Distribution System.
These included schemes for children such as Integrated
Child Development Services and maternal nutrition,
community kitchens for those suffering from
tuberculosis and HIV-AIDS, homeless children and
destitute people and old age pensions.
It is in this context that officials from the Ministries
that deal with these subjects are expected to attend
the September 24 meeting. (To be continued in
October)
12

13. Government of India (National Advisory Council), 24 Sept. 2010, Press Release
1.
The Fifth meeting of the National Advisory Council was chaired by
Smt. Sonia Gandhi on 24th September, 2010 at 2 Motilal Nehru
Place, New Delhi.
2.
Members who attended the meeting were Prof. M.S. Swaminathan,
MP, Dr. Ram Dayal Munda, MP, Prof. Narendra Jadhav, Prof. Pramod
Tandon, Dr. Jean Dreze, Ms. Aruna Roy, Ms Anu Aga, Shri N.C.
Saxena, Dr. A.K. Shiva Kumar, Shri Deep Joshi, Ms. Farah Naqvi, Shri
Harsh Mander and Ms. Mirai Chatterjee.
3.
A presentation was made by Shri Harsh Mander, convenor of the
Working Group on the framework of proposed Right to Food
Security Bill detailing the Working Group’s proposal.
13

14. 4.
Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Shri Montek S
Ahluwalia, Secretary (Food & Public Distribution), Smt. Alka
Sirohi, Secretary (Women & Child Development), Dr D.K. Sikri,
and Secretary (Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation), Ms Kiran
Dhingra made presentations, placing the viewpoint of the
Planning Commission and respective Ministries/Departments.
5.
The Working Group took note of the issues which emerged from
the discussion. A further round of discussions is to take place
before the proposal of the Working Group could be finalised.
6.
The next meeting of the NAC was scheduled to be held on 23
October, 2010.
14

15. 15

16. NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY
CIVIL SOCEITY DEBATES
• Components of Food Security
• What is ‘food insecurity’ & how it may be
eliminated for poor people and children,
• Early childcare, ICDS, Pre-primary education,
• Targeted / Universal Public Distribution System,
• Agri -minister’s Views,
• M S Swaminathan, Amartya K Sen,
• Right to food campaign, other arguments, facts

17. 17

18. Components of Food Security:
Make production, processing
(storage) & distribution of food
grains equitable, sustainable
• The focus on accelerated food
grains production on a sustainable
basis and
• Universal Public Distribution
System, plus
• free trade in grains would
• help create massive employment
and
• reduce the incidence of poverty in
rural areas.
• This will lead to faster economic
growth and give purchasing power
to the people.

19. 19

20. Food_Availability, Access and
Absorption
• Food availability is assured when enough of it
is produced or imported and at an affordable
price it is available locally.
• Food access is assured when we can buy,
prepare and consume food to avail a
nutritious diet.
• Food absorption is assured when we have
normal physical and mental health and are
able to maintain it with our diet.
20

21. 21

22. FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY-2
• Food supplementation to address special needs of
– the vulnerable groups,
– Integrated Child Development services [ICDS] and
– mid-day meals at secondary schools
• Nutrition education, especially through
– Food and Nutrition Board [FNB] and
– ICDS.
22

23. • Eliminate Poverty, and
• Child mal-nutrition
Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS) and its objectives
That every individual has
• the physical, economic, social, and environmental access to a
balanced diet that includes
• the necessary macro-and micro-nutrients,
• safe drinking water,
• sanitation, environmental hygiene, primary healthcare and
• education so as to lead a healthy and productive life.
India’s Golden Dream to be realized
.

24. Brain development from Infancy to
childhood
• Infants: children below
one year
• Toddlers: age group 1-2
years
• Preschoolers: age group
3 to 5 years
• School going: In the age
group 6 to 14
• Scientists say 90% of
brain develops by age 5
• Economists say
prevention is better
than cure and
• Child specialists say
early years are
foundational to
development
24

25. Population below Poverty Line is significant
• Although India has become self sufficient in
food grains production, the ever increasing
population of the country is a major cause of
concern in sustaining food security and
nutritional security. The population
approaches 1200 million, while about 260
million are below the poverty line and
prevalence of widespread under-nourishment
and mal-nourishment are a cause of concern.
25

26. 26

27. child under-nutrition in India
• Stunting (deficiency in
height for age)
• Wasting (deficiency in
weight for height)
• Underweight (that is
deficient in weight for
age - a composite measure of stunting and
wasting).
• Most of the times, child
deaths and suffering
because of poor nutrition
go unnoticed.
• That India reports among
the highest levels of child
under-nutrition has been
rightly termed by Prime
Minister Manmohan
Singh as a "national
shame".
27

28. 28

29. early childcare is very important
• People below poverty line neglect the young.
India continues to lose 6 % of our newborns
before their first birthday; 50 % of our
toddlers to malnutrition and a whole
generation to poor health, low skills and
poverty.
• Can we afford to ignore the role that crèches
play in the survival, development and wellbeing of young children?
29

30. Eliminate under nutrition
30

31. Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS)
• It is a major national programme that addresses the
needs of children under the age of six years.
• It seeks to provide young children with an integrated
package of services such as supplementary nutrition,
healthcare and pre-school education.
• As the needs of a child can not be addressed in isolation
from those of its mother, the programme also extends to
adolescent girls, pregnant women and nursing mothers.
31

32. 32

33. 33

34. Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS)
• Over the last two decades the ICDS coverage
has progressively increased. As of March 2002,
5652 projects have been sanctioned; there
are more than 5 lakh anganwadis in the
country.
• The number of persons covered under ICDS
rose from 5.7 million children of
0 – 6 age, and 1.2 million mothers in 1985 to
31.5 million children and 6 million mothers
up to March 2002.
34

35. What is a crèche?
• A crèche is not just an enabling mechanism so
that mothers can work, but central to the
battle against malnutrition, low birth weight
and infant mortality.
• It essentially facilitates an aware adult to take
on the small tasks involved in childcare for
children under three years of age such as
patient feeding of small katories of soft food
three or four times a day.
Continued…
35

36. What is a crèche?
• It essentially facilitates an aware adult to take
on the small tasks involved in childcare for
children under three years of age such as
• A quick response to fever or diarrhea,
• To prevent illness from becoming life
threatening,
• Some one to greet and comfort the child
when she wakes up.

37. A crèche essentially facilitates
• We need crèches so that grand-parents do not
ask girls to stay back leaving them free to play
run and go to school.
• We need crèches so that women are treated
as citizens with rights and receive the support
they need during this time of motherhood and
early childcare, thus enabling them to
participate in work and life.
37

38. 38

39. 39

40. Child & Mother nutrition: a major challenge
• Nutrition indicators like under weight in preschool children, stunting, wasting of these
children, prevalence of low birth weight, anemia
in pregnant women, adolescent girls and children
under three years, poor breast feeding and
complementary feeding rates pose a major
challenge.
• Chronic mal-nutrition among school children as
reflected by stunting and wasting is 45.5 %, and
15.5 % respectively as per national Family Health
Survey (NFHS) 2, 1998-99.
40

41. 41

42. Women’s education and child
malnutrition
• Data show that malnutrition among Indian
children born to illiterate mothers (52%), is
almost three times higher than levels reported
among mothers who have completed 12
years of education(18%).
42

43. PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION
FROM CRECHE TO NURSURY
TO KG/UG

44. Pre-primary Education
Pre-primary Education is
offered to children in both
urban and rural areas.
In urban areas, where
sufficient children are
available within a reasonable
radius, separate Nursery
Schools or departments are
provided. (continued)
44

45. Pre-primary Education
• Otherwise nursery classes are attached to Junior
Basic or Primary Schools.
• In addition to that Pre-Primary education is provided
free of cost.
• Thus, the main object of Pre-primary Education is to
give young children social experience rather than
formal instruction.
• It has an essential part to play in every school
System, though Pre-primary education in India is not
a fundamental right and thus a very low percentage
of children receive preschool educational facilities.
45

46. • In India these services are called Integrated Child
Development Services and Anganwadis.
• Indian pre- primary schools have different
provisions.
• These kindergartens are divided into two stages lower kindergarten (LKG) and upper kindergarten
(UKG).
• LKG class comprises children from 3 to 4 years of
age, and the
• UKG class comprises children 4 to 5 years of age.
• The completion of preprimary schools sends the
children to primary schools.
46

47. Pre-primary education helps develop
• the physical and mental development of the
children,
• promote their emotional and educational
development, and
• smoothen their socialization (social
development) process.
47

48. In the formal education system, Pre-primary
Education is considered to be an integral part of
regular schools.
Therefore, all pre -primary instruction is
attached to Junior Basic or Primary Schools.
The pre primary education is termed as
`Nursery`.
48

49. Pre primary education also extends to
•
Kindergartens,
• crèches and
• Montessori schools.
In these sections of schools, these special educational
facilities are made available to the children below the
compulsory age of six.
49

50. The main objective of pre-primary education is
• to present an environment to children to develop a
healthy mind through constructive activities and
• informal learning experiences.
• This environment also prepares children for a later
day primary education by
• enabling them to adjust to the surroundings outside
their home.
50

51. Actually, in pre-primary education importance is not
to be given to any kind of formal teaching or learning,
and attention is to be given to the psychological
development of the children.
The activities of pre-school are to be designed as per
the interest and the need of the children. So, it is
ideal not to have a permanent syllabus for the preschool programme.
51

52. Generally, the main activities of pre-schools are
free-play, organized play, story sessions, music
and dance, acting, drawing and painting,
creative work, nature study, language
development, and inculcating a sense of
counting, measurements, and weight.
52

53. SOCIALIZATION PROCESSES, PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION,
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS
• A child who is already a member of a family
learns to become a member of a society
through the process of socialization in which
language plays a very important role.
• Though it is often quoted that, as far as preschool is concerned, "love is the language and
play is the method," love should also be
expressed in a human language, in addition to
other parental or caregivers' loving behavior,
including nonverbal behavior.
53

54. SOCIALIZATION PROCESSES, PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION,
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS
• The shelter of parental love takes a backseat
in the pre-school environment, and is, kind of,
substituted by an institutional arrangement of
a learning environment in which teacher and
other children come to play a part.
• From a family situation, a child thus begins to
get exposed to the rain and shine of the
community that surrounds it.
54

55. Role of mother tongue
• This process of socialization becomes very
natural if it is done in the mother tongue of
the child.
• Since language itself is a system of symbols,
when the initial socialization is done in a nonmother tongue of the child, language
symbolism gets more complicated and the
child begins to feel uneasy.
55

56. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
• This happens more so, especially when the
language used in the pre-school has no
opportunities of reinforcement outside its
school environment.
• First generation learners and children from
the families which have very little exposure or
competence in English face this barrier.
56

57. The Indian government lays emphasis to primary
education up to the age of fourteen years (referred to
as Elementary Education in India.)
It has also banned child labour in order to ensure that
the children do not enter unsafe working conditions.
Both free education and the ban on child labour are
difficult to enforce due to economic disparity and social
conditions. 80% of all recognized schools at the
Elementary Stage are government run/supported,
making it the largest provider of education in the
Country.
57

58. • However, due to shortage of resources and
lack of political will, this system suffers
from
• massive gaps including high pupil teacher
ratios,
• shortage of infrastructure and
• poor level of teacher training.
• Education has also been made free for
children for six to 14 years of age or up to
class VIII under the Right of Children to
Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009.
58

59. Costs of procuring, storing & distributing food grains
at low cost and
hence TPDS /PDS alternates.
TARGETED VS UNIVERSAL PUBLIC
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (PDS) FOR FOOD
59

60. 60

61. The proportion of rural population that is below the
BPL
[ Below Poverty Line]
61

62. BPL Census should consider
• In deciding its coverage, allowance should be
made to targeting errors which would be large,
but also consider the fact that the undernutrition rates in India tend to be much higher
than that of poverty estimates: the gap is not
surprising considering that the official ‘povertyline’ is really a destitution line.
62

63. Government is helpless
• Two arguments mark the opposition to an
universal system (whether in the PDS or other
sectors like health )
1. There is no money for the huge subsidy.
2. We may not have enough grain for an
universal system when successive draught
years happen, and high input costs of
agriculture may bring down production.
”Non- government-orgs” too should play a
substantial role.
63

64. Food Minister of India,29-08-2010
• Union Minister for Food said
free food grains distribution
is not feasible. The Govt.
already spends Rs. 66,000
crores on food grains subsidy.
We buy wheat from farmers
at Rs. 15 a kg. but sell it to
the Antyodaya population at
• How can we sell any cheaper
than that?
• Free distribution of grains
would ruin the producers.
• The supreme Court had not
directed the food grains be
distributed free of cost.
• The wastage of food grains
was reduced by present
government to 0.02 % of total
production.
Rs. 2 a kg.
64

65. States do not lift, food grains, alleging high price
• “We do not follow the policy • Mr. Pawar also criticised the
of artificially keeping the
States for buying only the
prices low any more.62 % of
food grains at the lowest
India’s population is
price slab earmarked for the
dependent on agriculture. Do
Antyodaya population and
we want them to remain
leaving the rest untouched.
poor? Prices have been fixed
“I call up the Ministers and
considering the input costs
their secretaries, asking
so that farming becomes
them to take away the food
viable. This has led to an
grains. But they are not
increase in the income of
interested.”
farmers,” he said.
65

66. Food Minister of India,29-08-2010
• On the wastage of food
grains, he said the Govt.
had taken project to build
warehouses. It was also
hiring private warehouses.
• In past 8 years, wastage
had been reduced
substantially, and this year
it was just 0.02 % of the
total produce.
66

67. Decentralise procurement, storage &
distribution
67

68. M. S. Swaminathan-1
His stated vision is to rid the
world of hunger and poverty; Dr.
Swaminathan is an advocate of
moving India to sustainable
development, especially using
environmentally sustainable
agriculture, sustainable food
security and the preservation of
biodiversity, which he calls an
"evergreen revolution"
• That food originates from
efficient and environmentally
benign production
technologies
• that conserve and enhance
the natural resource base of
crops, animal husbandry,
forestry, inland and marine
fisheries
68

69. M. S. Swaminathan-2
• Sustainable food security will have to be defined
as ‘physical, economic, social and ecological
access to balanced diets’.
• A life cycle approach will have to be followed in
the case of nutrition, ranging from in utero
to old age.
• Achieving such a form of food security will
require synergy between technology and public
policy.
69

70. M. S. Swaminathan-3
• Adequate food availability is necessary both for
stabilizing prices and ensuring the operation of an
effective PDS. There is therefore no time to relax on the
food production front.
• There is particularly an urgent need for greater
investment in irrigation, power supply, rural roads, cold
storages, storage facilities and food processing units. By
extending the benefits of technological transformation
and institutional reform to more areas and farming
systems, India can become a leader in world
agriculture.
70

71. 71

72. Swaminathan's abiding interest is, however, in
using science for strengthening the small-farmer
economy and in community approach to food and
nutrition security. The success stories are drawn
from Sri Lanka and Thailand, and the MSS
Foundation's own initiatives. Strategy for India is a
life-cycle approach and community "food- banks",
including locally grown millets, at the village level.
72

73. The breadth of history, the depth of science
in Einsteinian social perspective, the
nuanced reflections on the contribution
and conditions of humble peasantry, and an
informed concern over the ecological
imbalance and climate change - all. these
distinguishing features of the volume make
it a rewarding reading MSS.
73

74. AMARTYA KUMAR SEN
74

75. 75

76. 76

77. For more information:
www.betterworldheroes.com/sen.htm
77

78. Amartya Spake
78

79. The Kolkata Group, an independent initiative
inspired and chaired by Amartya Sen, has demanded
that the Right to Food Act be made nondiscriminatory and universal to cover legal food
entitlements for all Indians. The Eighth Kolkata
Group Workshop (February 2010), has argued for
creating durable legal entitlements that guarantee
the right to food for all in the country. Sen stressed
the need for the firm recognition of the right to
food, and comprehensive legislation to guarantee
everyone the right.
79

80. “A Right to Food Act covering enforceable food
entitlements should be non-discriminatory
and universal. Entitlements guaranteed by the
Act should include food grains from the Public
Distribution System (PDS), school meals,
nutrition services for children below the age of
six years, social security provision, and allied
programmes”
80

81. Other arguments and facts
THE RIGHT TO FOOD CAMPAIGN
81

82. The Right to Food Campaign, civil society and economists like Jean
Dreze, point out several facts.
The poverty estimates of about 40 per cent given by the Tendulkar
Committee to determine the number of poor who will receive
subsidized food under the forthcoming National Food Security Act
is inadequate to our current situation of hunger, starvation and
malnutrition.
Others that have submitted their reports are the National
Committee for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) set
up by the Government of India, that estimates that 77 % of our
population have an income of less than Rs.20 per day in 2004-05;
the Saxena Committee set up by the Ministry of Rural
Development that says that 50 % of our population should be
considered below the poverty line.
82

83. 
The paucity of resources can no longer be an
excuse for keeping our people hungry. It is more a
case of having the right priorities, and a moral
deficit. The NCEUS report appointed by the
government points out that the safety net can be
provided within the available resources and
capacity of the government. If a universal subsidy
can work in Tamil Nadu state and PDS can work in
Kerela state why can't it be made to work
elsewhere?
83

84. A Right to Food Act is needed
on compassionate grounds.



India wants to reach the moon but the question is
whether it can reach its own starving children.
Who cares if the Commonwealth of the “Games” is
so uncommonly unequal.
According to Harsh Mander, a Food Commissioner
appointed by the Supreme Court, about ten
homeless die every day in Delhi. Says Mander “That
so many people die each day at our doorstep, close
to the centers of power, is a reminder how scarce is
compassion in our public life.”
84

85. At present, the government supplies 27.4 million
tonne of rice and wheat for PDS, which costs it Rs
56,000 crore (in 2010-11). It estimates to have 50
million tonne of grain in its storage facilities at the
worst point of the year.
Back of the envelope calculations show the first year of NFSA,
when one-fourth of the blocks or districts get almost universal
coverage and special nutrition schemes are launched, would
require around 50 million tonne of grain. The subsidy bill will
go up by around Rs 20,000 crore.
But even so, the increase of fiscal subsidy might
require only a political decision; supply of grain, on
the other hand, is a governance issue that the NAC
will have to fight and push hard.
85

86. 



The government has announced a 'second green revolution'
through the non-irrigated lands,
but the agricultural ministry's past record does not inspire
confidence.
To assure itself that the NFSA does not come undone in
future years, the NAC will need to set the course for this
second 'revolution' and push the government to procure
more.
The latter is beset with macroeconomic concerns of how
increased government purchase will hit prices and inflation.
86

87. 
Enhancing production alongside will become
mandatory.

This would be the toughest bit to ensure because
these issues will lie beyond the mandate of the
NFSA. They would have to be embedded in an
overall economic policy shift that will require
increased budgetary allocations to agriculture,
combined with the same intellectual vigour that
India witnessed during the first green revolution.
87

88. For India, with nearly fifty per cent children
underweight,
to make freedom from hunger a legal right is a golden
dream that needs hard work to realize it.





It involves besides an universal PDS, many
interventions & entitlements like
Child nutrition,
Social security,
Health care and even
Proper rights. Framing National Food Security Act
requires creative work, public debate and political
commitment.
88

89. Average daily net per capita availability
of food grains in India
• Average daily net per capita availability of
food grains in India between 2005 and 2008
was 436 grams/Indian.
• That was less than it was half a century ago.
• In 1955-58 it was 440 grams.
• Take pulses separately and the fall is 50 %.
Around 35 grams in 2005-08 from nearly 70
grams in 1955-58.
89

90. 90

91. • The Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures food grains
from the farmers at the government announced minimum
support price (MSP). The MSP should ideally be at a level
where the procurement by FCI and the offtake from it are
balanced.
• The responsibility for procuring and stocking of food grains
lies with the FCI and for distribution with the public
distribution system (PDS).
• To reduce the fiscal deficit, the government has sought to
curtail the food subsidy bill by raising the issue price of
food grains (to APL people) and linking it to the economic
cost at which the FCI supplies food grains to the PDS. The
economic cost comprises the cost of procurement, that is,
MSP, storage, transportation and administration and is
high.
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92. • When the issue price to APL category goes higher
than the market rates and to BPL category beyond
their purchasing power, resulting in plummeting of
offtake from the PDS.
• There is a need to shift from the existing expensive,
inefficient and corruption ridden institutional
arrangements to those that will ensure cheap
delivery of requisite quality grains in a transparent
manner and are self-targeting.
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93. • It would be sobering for economists to look at the
expenditures that some of the most prosperous
countries in the world are incurring to stave hunger
and protect children and adult populations from
hunger.
• Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu
are four states with four different political parties in
power, have led the way in covering larger numbers
of poor and admittedly, better provisioning of food
grain.
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94. Framing National Food Security Act
• The proposal by the Planning Commission, that the Tendulkar
committee figures for those living below the poverty line be
the cut off for providing food grains at Rs 3 per kg, could now
get greater weightage.
• The favoured proposal may recommend that only 33% of the
urban population be provided subsidized grains and provide
differential services to different income segments.
• The proposal may allow for the rural population living above
the Tendulkar poverty line -- or Above Poverty Line
beneficiaries -- to get only 25 kg of food grain, at a higher rate.
• These steps, if accepted, would radically reduce the number of
beneficiaries of the proposed Act as well as pare down the
government's annual subsidy bill by Rs 15,000-20,000 crore.
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95. National Food Security Bill (ACT) has a laudable objective
of eradicating hunger and malnutrition from India in the
shortest possible time.
The proposed legislation marks a paradigm shift in
addressing the problem of food security—
from the current welfare approach to a rights based
approach.
It is therefore important to get it right, not just in terms of
making it a legal entitlement under the ―rights approach‖
but making it a success on the ground.
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96. Large-scale subsidized grain distribution to almost twothirds of the country's population of 1.2 billion is targeted in
the Food Security Act 2013.
This would perhaps be the biggest ever experiment in the
world to distribute subsidized grain to achieve food and
nutritional security.
It implies a massive procurement of food grains and a very
large distribution network entailing huge financial
expenditure.
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97. 97

98. 98

99. 99

100. 100