This document provides a review of load frequency control strategies for integrating renewable energy sources into power grids. It discusses some of the challenges of integrating variable power sources like wind and solar that can cause fluctuations in voltage and frequency. It also summarizes several different control techniques that have been used for load frequency control, including classical control methods, adaptive and variable structure methods, robust control approaches, and intelligent techniques using neural networks and fuzzy logic. The review covers the objectives of load frequency control and provides examples of strategies that have been implemented, including adaptive control methods applied to power systems to manage changes in plant parameters.
Relying almost entirely on energy from variable renewable energy sources (vRES) will require a transformation in the way power systems are planned and operated. This report outlines steps for overcoming the challenges in creating power systems with the flexibility needed to maintain system security and reliability while relying primarily on variable energy resources. The work is largely a synthesis of the many reports and studies on this subject. It seeks to summarize that body of work for a less technical audience that will need to put in place the policies, technical changes, and institutional systems necessary to make the power system of the future a reality. For this work we gathered opinions from a dedicated power system flexibility advisory panel, through two meetings, e- mail exchanges, and an online survey.
The document summarizes an industrial energy audit conducted at R.R. Industries in Vadodara, India. The audit aimed to identify energy losses and inefficiencies in the facility's production and processes in order to minimize energy costs without affecting output or quality. Auditors monitored the facility's entire system and identified opportunities to reduce waste, lower energy bills, and improve the power factor and overall efficiency. Key areas examined included lighting, machinery, equipment loads, energy consumption by department, electrical parameters, and tariff plans. The audit findings and recommendations could help reduce energy usage and costs significantly at the facility.
We are a young company promoted by IIT Alumni. We provide services which helps individuals and organizations to take the "Green Route" for cleaner future. Our services includes Energy Audit, EPCM for Renewable energy (Solar & Bio-mass) Projects, Technology Evaluation (Research & Analysis) and carbon management services(footprint, mitigation and branding)
This document discusses computer control of power systems and SCADA systems in India. It provides statistics on India's power sector, including installed capacity, sources of energy, transmission losses, and peak load. It also outlines challenges in power systems like storage limitations and varying demand. The roles of an energy control center are summarized, including load forecasting, capacity planning, system monitoring, and economic dispatch. Finally, it introduces the hierarchy of power system operation in India and key components of SCADA systems, such as sensors, RTUs, master units, communication links, and software.
IRJET- Analysis of Load Frequency Control for a Distributed Grid System Invol...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes load frequency control for a distributed grid system involving wind, hydro, and thermal power plants using conventional and fuzzy logic controllers. It models a three-area system with area 1 containing a thermal plant, area 2 containing a hydro plant, and area 3 containing wind generation. It simulates the system responses to a 1% load disturbance in one area using each controller and compares the undershoot and settling time. The fuzzy logic controller provides better dynamic response with lower undershoot, overshoot, and faster settling time compared to the conventional PI controller. This shows fuzzy logic control is more effective at maintaining frequency stability in an interconnected power system with various generation sources.
IRJET- Load Frequency Control of a Renewable Source Integrated Four Area ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach for automatic load frequency control of a four-area power system with multiple generation sources including renewable sources. The system consists of four equal areas, each with two thermal plants, a hydro plant, a wind plant, and an HVDC link. ANFIS combines the advantages of neural networks and fuzzy logic. The proposed ANFIS-PID controller is simulated and its performance is compared to a PID controller in response to a 1% load change in each area. Simulation results show the ANFIS-PID controller improves the system's dynamic response.
Industrial Sector in Jordan– Energy Use Current Status and Future OpportunitiesSamer Zawaydeh
Industrial Sector Energy Use Current Status and Future Opportunities in Jordan. This includes Electricity Tariffs, Opportunities for Electricity Saving, Stakeholders, Barriers for improvement, type of renewable energy and energy efficiency opportunities in the industrial sector.
Relying almost entirely on energy from variable renewable energy sources (vRES) will require a transformation in the way power systems are planned and operated. This report outlines steps for overcoming the challenges in creating power systems with the flexibility needed to maintain system security and reliability while relying primarily on variable energy resources. The work is largely a synthesis of the many reports and studies on this subject. It seeks to summarize that body of work for a less technical audience that will need to put in place the policies, technical changes, and institutional systems necessary to make the power system of the future a reality. For this work we gathered opinions from a dedicated power system flexibility advisory panel, through two meetings, e- mail exchanges, and an online survey.
The document summarizes an industrial energy audit conducted at R.R. Industries in Vadodara, India. The audit aimed to identify energy losses and inefficiencies in the facility's production and processes in order to minimize energy costs without affecting output or quality. Auditors monitored the facility's entire system and identified opportunities to reduce waste, lower energy bills, and improve the power factor and overall efficiency. Key areas examined included lighting, machinery, equipment loads, energy consumption by department, electrical parameters, and tariff plans. The audit findings and recommendations could help reduce energy usage and costs significantly at the facility.
We are a young company promoted by IIT Alumni. We provide services which helps individuals and organizations to take the "Green Route" for cleaner future. Our services includes Energy Audit, EPCM for Renewable energy (Solar & Bio-mass) Projects, Technology Evaluation (Research & Analysis) and carbon management services(footprint, mitigation and branding)
This document discusses computer control of power systems and SCADA systems in India. It provides statistics on India's power sector, including installed capacity, sources of energy, transmission losses, and peak load. It also outlines challenges in power systems like storage limitations and varying demand. The roles of an energy control center are summarized, including load forecasting, capacity planning, system monitoring, and economic dispatch. Finally, it introduces the hierarchy of power system operation in India and key components of SCADA systems, such as sensors, RTUs, master units, communication links, and software.
IRJET- Analysis of Load Frequency Control for a Distributed Grid System Invol...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes load frequency control for a distributed grid system involving wind, hydro, and thermal power plants using conventional and fuzzy logic controllers. It models a three-area system with area 1 containing a thermal plant, area 2 containing a hydro plant, and area 3 containing wind generation. It simulates the system responses to a 1% load disturbance in one area using each controller and compares the undershoot and settling time. The fuzzy logic controller provides better dynamic response with lower undershoot, overshoot, and faster settling time compared to the conventional PI controller. This shows fuzzy logic control is more effective at maintaining frequency stability in an interconnected power system with various generation sources.
IRJET- Load Frequency Control of a Renewable Source Integrated Four Area ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach for automatic load frequency control of a four-area power system with multiple generation sources including renewable sources. The system consists of four equal areas, each with two thermal plants, a hydro plant, a wind plant, and an HVDC link. ANFIS combines the advantages of neural networks and fuzzy logic. The proposed ANFIS-PID controller is simulated and its performance is compared to a PID controller in response to a 1% load change in each area. Simulation results show the ANFIS-PID controller improves the system's dynamic response.
Industrial Sector in Jordan– Energy Use Current Status and Future OpportunitiesSamer Zawaydeh
Industrial Sector Energy Use Current Status and Future Opportunities in Jordan. This includes Electricity Tariffs, Opportunities for Electricity Saving, Stakeholders, Barriers for improvement, type of renewable energy and energy efficiency opportunities in the industrial sector.
IRJET- Generation Planning using WASP SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document discusses determining the optimal power generation development plan for a power system over the next 15 years using the WASP software. It begins by estimating the system load over the planning period based on historical load data from the past 36 years. It then uses the WASP software to determine all possible supply combinations from the existing and planned generating units and selects the combination that minimizes costs and meets reliability criteria. The optimal plan is determined by changing the configuration and timing of added units each year to find the best objective function. Key steps include load forecasting, defining development units and constraints, using WASP modules to evaluate combinations and reliability, and selecting the optimal plan through dynamic programming.
The document provides an overview of grid code technical recruitments in India. It discusses the roles of various organizations in electricity transmission planning and operations. The National Load Dispatch Center oversees national grid operations while Regional Load Dispatch Centers control regional operations. State Load Dispatch Centers control operations within states. Transmission utilities and state transmission utilities plan and develop inter-state and intra-state transmission systems respectively. The Central Electricity Authority issues technical standards and guidelines for transmission planning. Regional Power Committees facilitate coordination between states. The document also summarizes various codes related to transmission planning, grid connections, grid operations, and scheduling and dispatch of electricity.
This document summarizes a study on the business potential of energy auditing in high tension and extra high tension industries in Kerala, India. It finds that there is significant potential for energy savings through auditing, which could save over 132 crore rupees annually. However, the energy auditing sector in Kerala is still nascent, with a lack of awareness in industries, shortage of certified auditors and equipment, and complexity of audits. The document makes recommendations to promote the sector, such as developing financial support mechanisms, education and training programs, and knowledge sharing platforms. It concludes that energy auditing can boost the economy and environment if mandatory audits are implemented and industries become aware of the savings potential.
This document provides an acknowledgements and abstract section for an energy audit report on Kingston Polytechnic Institute. It thanks various people and organizations for their support and guidance. The abstract indicates that the report will explore electricity consumption at the institute, identify areas of energy waste, promote conservation options, and provide recommendations based on energy surveys and data collection.
The document provides guidelines on how to conduct an energy audit for commercial buildings in Hong Kong. It outlines the general process, which includes defining the audit scope and objectives, forming an audit team, collecting building information through surveys and records, analyzing the data, identifying energy management opportunities (EMOs), and writing an energy audit report. The guidelines classify EMOs into three categories based on their capital costs and complexity of implementation. It emphasizes the importance of gaining support from building management and cooperation from operation and maintenance personnel. The guidelines also discuss follow-up actions like implementing EMOs and conducting training.
The document summarizes an Indian government website that promotes energy efficiency. The website provides information for various stakeholders on energy conservation laws, certification programs for energy managers and auditors, sector-specific best practices, case studies and reports. It aims to spread awareness on energy efficiency and conservation among industries, experts, students and the public.
Presented by Pete Scarpelli, Schneider Electric, Demand Response Resource Center, France at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Vienna, Austria on 1 April 2009.
1) SIDPEC is an Egyptian petrochemical company that implemented an energy management system according to ISO 50001, which helped them achieve energy savings of 27,850 MWh and 6.4 million EGP annually.
2) Key aspects of their successful EnMS implementation included forming an energy team, conducting an energy review to identify significant energy uses and opportunities, setting objectives and action plans, and training employees.
3) Some energy efficiency projects implemented included optimizing nitrogen and air systems, installing steam traps, and a 60 kW solar power station. SIDPEC's EnMS was certified in 2014 and they now provide training to other Egyptian petrochemical companies.
IRJET- Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources for DC MicrogridIRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization of renewable energy sources for DC microgrids. It proposes integrating wind and solar energy generation with battery storage in a microgrid connected to buildings. This hybrid system improves reliability by reducing storage needs when the generation sources have opposing output cycles. The document models and simulates such a system, showing the wind and solar outputs, storage controller, and grid connection. Integrating distributed renewable sources with storage in microgrids helps stabilize grids with intermittent generation and maximize use of transmission infrastructure.
Automatic power generation control structure for smart electrical power gridseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document provides an overview of energy management and energy audits. It defines energy and various types of energy like mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, and electromagnetic. Energy management aims to optimize energy use and reduce costs. The objectives are to minimize energy procurement and utilization costs without affecting production. Energy audits identify ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of output. Preliminary audits establish baseline consumption while detailed audits evaluate all energy consuming systems and equipment to identify savings opportunities through a ten step process. The document outlines the various instruments used in energy audits to measure consumption.
20151112 Conference Call on Economic Opportunities for Clean Energybusinessforward
As America transitions to using cleaner energy sources, new opportunities should emerge for American businesses. A report released this week by ICF International and NextGen Climate America found that accelerating the transition to a clean energy economy will decrease energy costs and create over a million jobs by 2030.
Please join us for a conference call with Dan Lashof, Chief Operating Officer of NextGen Climate America, who will discuss the economic opportunities of clean energy.
Parallel control structure scheme for load frequency controller design using ...IJECEIAES
This paper presents load frequency controller design for a single area as well as the multi-area thermal power system using direct synthesis approach with parallel control structure (PCS) scheme. The set-point and load frequency controller has been designed for frequency regulation and maintains tie-line power within a pre-specified limit for LFC power system. The proposed controller has been implemented for single-area, two-area, and four-area thermal power system for frequency regulation. The proposed method shows impressive simulation results compared with existed control method. The robustness of the proposed method has been examined with the help maximum sensitivity and parametric variation in the nominal power system.
The document analyzes energy efficiency opportunities in the Herberger administration building. It estimates that the building consumes 12-14% of the total metered energy based on its size and functions. Lighting makes up almost half of energy usage. Converting remaining lights to more efficient T8 bulbs and adjusting lighting schedules could save over 2.5% on the annual energy bill. Appliances like computers and copiers already meet standards while optimization of vending machines could save over $600 annually. Replacing aging chillers qualifies for large tax credits and would improve efficiency over twice as the current system. Commissioning the HVAC system could ensure proper functioning and calibration for improved performance.
This document provides information about technical audits conducted by the Management Audit Division of E I D Parry (India) Ltd for various companies in the Murugappa Group. The objectives of the technical audits are to recommend cost savings and quality improvements through identifying areas for increased energy efficiency and facilitating their implementation. The audit process involves creating awareness, identifying areas to audit, prioritizing and conducting pilot audits, implementing recommendations, and sharing learnings. Key focus areas of the audits are energy sources like steam, electricity, renewable energy as well as factory assets, production processes, safety and environment. Methodologies, skills required, and tools used for conducting energy and other technical audits are also outlined.
The document discusses the design of transmission lines. It covers the need for transmission lines, the components used including conductors, earth wires, insulators and transmission towers. It then describes the design methodology which involves collecting data, calculating loads on components, selecting correction factors and designing components to withstand loads. Key factors in transmission line design are the electrical requirements, selection of transmission voltage based on line length and power loss, and choice of conductor and insulator materials.
PI and LQR controllers for Frequency Regulation including Wind GenerationIJECEIAES
This document describes a study comparing PI and LQR controllers for frequency regulation including wind generation. The study models doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines using a synthetic inertia method to emulate the inertial response of conventional machines. Both PI and LQR secondary controllers are implemented and tested in a simulation of a modified 3-machine 9-bus test power system with wind turbine integration. Results show the LQR controller provides overall superior performance but requires more control effort from conventional units compared to the PI controller.
Grid Integration and Application of Solar Energy; A Technological ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of technologies for integrating solar energy conversion systems into the main electric grid. It discusses challenges of the intermittent nature of solar energy and various technological solutions to address issues like power quality, synchronization, and power monitoring. Key points covered include the types of single-stage and dual-stage grid-tied solar energy systems, the role of inverters in performing functions like reactive power compensation and harmonics mitigation, and forecasting methods used to predict solar power generation. The document also reviews various research works on controlling and managing the real and reactive power from solar systems while maintaining power quality standards when connected to the grid.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Load Frequency Control using PID and Fuzzy- PID C...IRJET Journal
This document compares the use of PID and fuzzy-PID controllers for load frequency control in a two-area power system. It describes the system model, including thermal and hydro units. The control objectives are to maintain frequency and regulate tie-line power exchange errors. Simulation results show that the fuzzy-PID controller provides better dynamic response than the PID controller, with lower undershoot, shorter settling time, and improved transients in frequency response and tie-line power exchange for both areas when subject to a 1% load disturbance.
IRJET- Generation Planning using WASP SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document discusses determining the optimal power generation development plan for a power system over the next 15 years using the WASP software. It begins by estimating the system load over the planning period based on historical load data from the past 36 years. It then uses the WASP software to determine all possible supply combinations from the existing and planned generating units and selects the combination that minimizes costs and meets reliability criteria. The optimal plan is determined by changing the configuration and timing of added units each year to find the best objective function. Key steps include load forecasting, defining development units and constraints, using WASP modules to evaluate combinations and reliability, and selecting the optimal plan through dynamic programming.
The document provides an overview of grid code technical recruitments in India. It discusses the roles of various organizations in electricity transmission planning and operations. The National Load Dispatch Center oversees national grid operations while Regional Load Dispatch Centers control regional operations. State Load Dispatch Centers control operations within states. Transmission utilities and state transmission utilities plan and develop inter-state and intra-state transmission systems respectively. The Central Electricity Authority issues technical standards and guidelines for transmission planning. Regional Power Committees facilitate coordination between states. The document also summarizes various codes related to transmission planning, grid connections, grid operations, and scheduling and dispatch of electricity.
This document summarizes a study on the business potential of energy auditing in high tension and extra high tension industries in Kerala, India. It finds that there is significant potential for energy savings through auditing, which could save over 132 crore rupees annually. However, the energy auditing sector in Kerala is still nascent, with a lack of awareness in industries, shortage of certified auditors and equipment, and complexity of audits. The document makes recommendations to promote the sector, such as developing financial support mechanisms, education and training programs, and knowledge sharing platforms. It concludes that energy auditing can boost the economy and environment if mandatory audits are implemented and industries become aware of the savings potential.
This document provides an acknowledgements and abstract section for an energy audit report on Kingston Polytechnic Institute. It thanks various people and organizations for their support and guidance. The abstract indicates that the report will explore electricity consumption at the institute, identify areas of energy waste, promote conservation options, and provide recommendations based on energy surveys and data collection.
The document provides guidelines on how to conduct an energy audit for commercial buildings in Hong Kong. It outlines the general process, which includes defining the audit scope and objectives, forming an audit team, collecting building information through surveys and records, analyzing the data, identifying energy management opportunities (EMOs), and writing an energy audit report. The guidelines classify EMOs into three categories based on their capital costs and complexity of implementation. It emphasizes the importance of gaining support from building management and cooperation from operation and maintenance personnel. The guidelines also discuss follow-up actions like implementing EMOs and conducting training.
The document summarizes an Indian government website that promotes energy efficiency. The website provides information for various stakeholders on energy conservation laws, certification programs for energy managers and auditors, sector-specific best practices, case studies and reports. It aims to spread awareness on energy efficiency and conservation among industries, experts, students and the public.
Presented by Pete Scarpelli, Schneider Electric, Demand Response Resource Center, France at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Vienna, Austria on 1 April 2009.
1) SIDPEC is an Egyptian petrochemical company that implemented an energy management system according to ISO 50001, which helped them achieve energy savings of 27,850 MWh and 6.4 million EGP annually.
2) Key aspects of their successful EnMS implementation included forming an energy team, conducting an energy review to identify significant energy uses and opportunities, setting objectives and action plans, and training employees.
3) Some energy efficiency projects implemented included optimizing nitrogen and air systems, installing steam traps, and a 60 kW solar power station. SIDPEC's EnMS was certified in 2014 and they now provide training to other Egyptian petrochemical companies.
IRJET- Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources for DC MicrogridIRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization of renewable energy sources for DC microgrids. It proposes integrating wind and solar energy generation with battery storage in a microgrid connected to buildings. This hybrid system improves reliability by reducing storage needs when the generation sources have opposing output cycles. The document models and simulates such a system, showing the wind and solar outputs, storage controller, and grid connection. Integrating distributed renewable sources with storage in microgrids helps stabilize grids with intermittent generation and maximize use of transmission infrastructure.
Automatic power generation control structure for smart electrical power gridseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document provides an overview of energy management and energy audits. It defines energy and various types of energy like mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, and electromagnetic. Energy management aims to optimize energy use and reduce costs. The objectives are to minimize energy procurement and utilization costs without affecting production. Energy audits identify ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of output. Preliminary audits establish baseline consumption while detailed audits evaluate all energy consuming systems and equipment to identify savings opportunities through a ten step process. The document outlines the various instruments used in energy audits to measure consumption.
20151112 Conference Call on Economic Opportunities for Clean Energybusinessforward
As America transitions to using cleaner energy sources, new opportunities should emerge for American businesses. A report released this week by ICF International and NextGen Climate America found that accelerating the transition to a clean energy economy will decrease energy costs and create over a million jobs by 2030.
Please join us for a conference call with Dan Lashof, Chief Operating Officer of NextGen Climate America, who will discuss the economic opportunities of clean energy.
Parallel control structure scheme for load frequency controller design using ...IJECEIAES
This paper presents load frequency controller design for a single area as well as the multi-area thermal power system using direct synthesis approach with parallel control structure (PCS) scheme. The set-point and load frequency controller has been designed for frequency regulation and maintains tie-line power within a pre-specified limit for LFC power system. The proposed controller has been implemented for single-area, two-area, and four-area thermal power system for frequency regulation. The proposed method shows impressive simulation results compared with existed control method. The robustness of the proposed method has been examined with the help maximum sensitivity and parametric variation in the nominal power system.
The document analyzes energy efficiency opportunities in the Herberger administration building. It estimates that the building consumes 12-14% of the total metered energy based on its size and functions. Lighting makes up almost half of energy usage. Converting remaining lights to more efficient T8 bulbs and adjusting lighting schedules could save over 2.5% on the annual energy bill. Appliances like computers and copiers already meet standards while optimization of vending machines could save over $600 annually. Replacing aging chillers qualifies for large tax credits and would improve efficiency over twice as the current system. Commissioning the HVAC system could ensure proper functioning and calibration for improved performance.
This document provides information about technical audits conducted by the Management Audit Division of E I D Parry (India) Ltd for various companies in the Murugappa Group. The objectives of the technical audits are to recommend cost savings and quality improvements through identifying areas for increased energy efficiency and facilitating their implementation. The audit process involves creating awareness, identifying areas to audit, prioritizing and conducting pilot audits, implementing recommendations, and sharing learnings. Key focus areas of the audits are energy sources like steam, electricity, renewable energy as well as factory assets, production processes, safety and environment. Methodologies, skills required, and tools used for conducting energy and other technical audits are also outlined.
The document discusses the design of transmission lines. It covers the need for transmission lines, the components used including conductors, earth wires, insulators and transmission towers. It then describes the design methodology which involves collecting data, calculating loads on components, selecting correction factors and designing components to withstand loads. Key factors in transmission line design are the electrical requirements, selection of transmission voltage based on line length and power loss, and choice of conductor and insulator materials.
PI and LQR controllers for Frequency Regulation including Wind GenerationIJECEIAES
This document describes a study comparing PI and LQR controllers for frequency regulation including wind generation. The study models doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines using a synthetic inertia method to emulate the inertial response of conventional machines. Both PI and LQR secondary controllers are implemented and tested in a simulation of a modified 3-machine 9-bus test power system with wind turbine integration. Results show the LQR controller provides overall superior performance but requires more control effort from conventional units compared to the PI controller.
Grid Integration and Application of Solar Energy; A Technological ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of technologies for integrating solar energy conversion systems into the main electric grid. It discusses challenges of the intermittent nature of solar energy and various technological solutions to address issues like power quality, synchronization, and power monitoring. Key points covered include the types of single-stage and dual-stage grid-tied solar energy systems, the role of inverters in performing functions like reactive power compensation and harmonics mitigation, and forecasting methods used to predict solar power generation. The document also reviews various research works on controlling and managing the real and reactive power from solar systems while maintaining power quality standards when connected to the grid.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Load Frequency Control using PID and Fuzzy- PID C...IRJET Journal
This document compares the use of PID and fuzzy-PID controllers for load frequency control in a two-area power system. It describes the system model, including thermal and hydro units. The control objectives are to maintain frequency and regulate tie-line power exchange errors. Simulation results show that the fuzzy-PID controller provides better dynamic response than the PID controller, with lower undershoot, shorter settling time, and improved transients in frequency response and tie-line power exchange for both areas when subject to a 1% load disturbance.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL DFIG BY USING FUZZY LOGIC AND PI CON...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the use of fuzzy logic and PI controllers for controlling a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) used in wind turbines. The goal is to independently control the stator active and reactive power as well as optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture. A vector control strategy is developed for the rotor side converter using fuzzy logic and PI controllers. Simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK are presented and analyzed to determine which control method provides better control of the DFIG under different conditions. The paper aims to contribute to improved control strategies for wind energy generation systems.
A transition from manual to Intelligent Automated power system operation -A I...IJECEIAES
This paper reviews the transition of the power system operation from the traditional manual mode of power system operations to the level where automation using Internet of Things (IOT) and intelligence using Artificial Intelligence (AI) is implemented. To make the review paper brief only indicative papers are chosen to cover multiple power system operation based implementation. Care is taken there is lesser repeatation of similar technology or application be reviewed. The indicative review is to take only a representative literature to bypass scrutinizing multiple literatures with similar objectives and methods. A brief review of the slow transition from the traditional to the intelligent automated way of carrying out power system operations like the energy audit, load forecasting, fault detection, power quality control, smart grid technology, islanding detection, energy management etc is discussed .The Mechanical Engineering Perspective on the basis of applications would be noticed in the paper although the energy management and power delivery concepts are electrical.
Load Frequency Control of Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controllerijtsrd
This paper proposes a method to determine the magnitude and location of load disturbances in multi area power systems via monitoring tie line power flows, implementing demand response regionally. In this work, proposes an intelligent coordination between secondary control and demand response through a supervisory fuzzy PI based coordinator. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. K. Sumanth Kumar | S. Thirumalaiah ""Load Frequency Control of Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29823.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29823/load-frequency-control-of-three-area-power-system-using-fuzzy-logic-controller/k-sumanth-kumar
IRJET- Design and Simulation of Solar PV DC Microgrid for Rural ElectrificationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes and designs a DC microgrid system for rural electrification in India. Key points:
1) The microgrid uses distributed solar PV generation, with maximum power point tracking converters connecting the solar panels. Fanout nodes distribute power to local clusters of homes, and power management units at each home regulate usage and integrate battery storage.
2) Experimental results from a 400W prototype demonstrate the steady-state operation and stability of the system when power from the solar source is varied. The microgrid is able to maintain a stable distributed voltage while enabling power sharing between components.
3) Calculations estimate the levelized cost of electricity for the microgrid design would be lower
A hybrid approach for ipfc location and parameters optimization for congestio...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The deregulated power system operation with competitive electricity market environment has been created many challenging tasks to the system operator. The competition with strategic bidding has been resulted for randomness in generation schedule, load withdrawal and power flows across the network. The economic efficiency of electricity market is mainly dependent on network support. In the event of congestion, it is required to alter the base case market settlement and hence the economic inefficiency in terms of congestion cost can occur. In order to anticipate congestion and its consequences in operation, this paper has been considered Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC).This article proposed a tactical approach for optimal location and then its parameters in Decoupled Power Injection Modeling (DPIM) are optimized using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The case studies are performed on IEEE 30-bus test system and the results obtained are validating the proposed approach for practical implementations.
Keywords: Deregulated power system, competitive electricity market, congestion management, IPFC, Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)
IRJET - Energy Audit and Electrical Power Consumption of ADIT CollegeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted at ADIT College in India. The audit analyzed the college's lighting systems and electrical power consumption. It was found that replacing fluorescent tubes and ballasts with LED lighting could save up to 10.5 kW in electricity usage, saving over 22,000 kWh per year and paying for the upgrade within 16 months. Similarly, replacing halogen lamps with metal halide lamps could save 24 kW and over 84,000 kWh annually, paying back the cost in 8 months. The audit concluded that implementing more efficient LED lighting across the college could significantly reduce electrical costs through decreased power consumption and shorter payback periods.
Energy Management System in Microgrid with ANFIS Control Scheme using Heurist...IRJET Journal
1. Premise: The document discusses an energy management system for a microgrid that uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control scheme.
2. Consequence: It is proposed that ANFIS control can efficiently manage power balancing in a microgrid system with renewable energy sources and an energy storage system. The ANFIS control scheme is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate its effectiveness in mitigating power fluctuations during varying loads.
3. Resolution: The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed ANFIS control scheme can function as both an energy management system and battery management system for a microgrid system with renewable energy sources.
Economic Impacts of Behind the Meter Distributed Energy Resources on Transmis...Power System Operation
The increasing penetration of customer-owned Distribution Energy Resources (DERs) will have an impact on the economics that govern market operation. Visibility and control of local Independent System Operators (ISOs) over these resources are currently restricted or available in some form of aggregation. Additionally, non-curtailable resources pose a serious problem while balancing the market with eminent risks of over-generation and added congestion to the system. This study attempts to decouple the model at the Transmission-Distribution interface and demonstrate the following: 1) economic implications of such resources under two control strategies, 2) aspects of market dynamics affected by several DER penetration levels, 3) Potential benefits of increased ISO visibility beyond the Transmission-Distribution(T-D) interface.
Impact of climate change policy on the National Electricity MarketEngineers Australia
The document discusses the changing electricity system in Australia and the challenges this poses for power system operations. Major drivers of change include policies around renewable energy targets and carbon pricing. This will result in new types of power plants, possible early retirements of coal plants, and changes to demand patterns. The operator, AEMO, is enhancing its operations planning process to look ahead two years and consider scenarios around potential changes in generation and demand. This aims to help AEMO identify trends and ensure operational practices can effectively manage the changing power system.
IRJET- Comparison between Ideal and Estimated PV Parameters using Evolutionar...IRJET Journal
This document discusses comparing the ideal and estimated parameters of photovoltaic (PV) panels using evolutionary algorithms. It begins by introducing microgrids and their importance in integrating renewable energy sources like solar PV. It then describes the ideal and practical electrical models of PV panels, noting that practical models account for additional factors. The document aims to estimate the parameters of single-diode and two-diode PV panel models using various optimization algorithms, compare the estimated models to experimental results, and compare the estimated models to the specifications provided by the panel manufacturer.
Enhanced Multi – Agent Based Industrial Process AutomationIRJET Journal
This document presents a multi-agent control system for optimizing the operation of fossil-fuel power plants. The system uses multiple intelligent agents that make autonomous decisions based on plant conditions. One agent uses a neuro-fuzzy system to evaluate and optimize feedback control gains. A simulation showed this agent could successfully update gains to improve control when the plant output exceeded thresholds. The system allows for customizable, optimized multi-objective control to improve efficiency and operation of power plants.
IRJET - Energy Management System on Operation of Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses energy management systems for smart grids. It describes how energy management is important for maintaining balance between power supply and demand. Energy management can reduce costs and energy losses while increasing reliability. The document outlines different categories of customer load response based on response time and provides examples of equipment suited for each category. It also discusses feedback loops in smart grids and how they can create balancing or reinforcing effects.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MICROGRID: A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of energy management systems in microgrids. It discusses how energy management systems can help integrate renewable energy resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power generation. The review classifies different approaches to energy management, including control strategies for emissions reduction, energy storage optimization techniques, and methods for reducing energy costs. It also examines demand response management strategies to encourage local power consumption from renewable sources. The document concludes by stating this review provides direction for future research in microgrid energy management.
CONTROL OF THREE AREA INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEM USING SLIDING MODE CONTROLLERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a paper that proposes a sliding mode controller (SMC) for load frequency control (LFC) in a three-area interconnected power system. The paper models the dynamic behavior of each area and designs an SMC to keep frequency deviations and tie-line power deviations near zero despite load variations. Simulation results show the SMC stabilizes frequencies and tie-line powers in each area following a load change. The paper concludes the SMC ensures system stability and robustness to disturbances through effective LFC.
Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids: A Review of Recent Solutions to ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent solutions to integrating renewable energy into smart grids. It identifies the most prevalent issues with renewable energy integration, such as the intermittency of sources like solar and wind power, and issues with grid voltage and frequency stability. It then summarizes several selected solutions that have been proposed to address these challenges, including using energy storage systems, advanced inverters, machine learning for power forecasting, and systems to improve grid stability like synchronverters. The review concludes that while progress has been made in renewable energy integration, continued work is still needed to fully address the multidimensional problems involved.
IRJET- Fuzzy predictive control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines using Fuzzy T...IRJET Journal
This document presents a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power extraction from variable speed wind turbines. It proposes estimating the effective wind speed using three algorithms that solve power balance equations, since wind speed cannot be directly measured. The estimated wind speed is used to determine the optimal rotor speed reference for generator control. A fuzzy logic controller is designed using two inputs (error and change in error) and one output (control output change). Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed wind speed estimation and fuzzy control approaches in tracking the optimal rotor speed compared to PI control.
IRJET- Demand Response Optimization using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swar...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization to optimize demand response. It discusses how increasing population growth has increased energy demand, challenging utilities to balance supply and demand. Demand response aims to reduce peak loads by encouraging consumers to reduce electricity use during peak periods. Smart meters provide consumers information on their usage to help reduce loads. The document reviews literature on using particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms to optimize dividing consumer loads into elastic and inelastic parts to better control total load and reduce costs. It finds genetic algorithms provide better results than particle swarm optimization for this application.
Similar to IRJET- A Review on Load Frequency Control Strategy (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.