The document provides an introduction to Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It discusses the market and technology roadmap, including standards. It covers topics such as RFID, QR codes, augmented reality, NFC, wireless sensor networks, smart home technologies, cellular and wireless technologies, privacy and security considerations. Diagrams and forecasts illustrate the growing number of connected devices and size of the IoT market.
1. Internet of Things :
from Theory to Practice,
beyond the Hype
Introduction to M2M/IoT
Market
Technology Roadmap
& Standards
Thierry Lestable (MSâ97, Ph.Dâ03)
Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom
Part 1/3
2. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Disclaimer
⢠Besides Sagemcom SASâ, many 3rd party
copyrighted material is reused within this
brief tutorial under the âfair useâ approach,
for sake of educational purpose only,
and very limited edition.
⢠As a consequence, the current slide set
presentation usage is restricted, and is
falling under usual copyright usage.
⢠Thanks for your understanding!
3. ToC â Part 1
⢠Market
⢠Internet of Things (IoT)
â RFID/QR codes/Augmented Reality/NFC
â Governance rules
⢠Architecture
⢠Capillary Networks & Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
â KNX/ISA-100/W-HART/Bluetooth/Zigbee/Z-wave/ANT+/WiFi
11ac/ad/Direct
â IPSO/6LoWPAN/ROLL
⢠Smart Home
â DLNA/UPnP
â Management (BBF)
Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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4. ToC- Part 2⢠WAN - LTE
⢠Unlicensed IoT Long Range Low Power Networks : SigFox/LoRA
⢠WiFi/Cellular Convergence
⢠WiMAX â M2M
⢠Smart Grids
â Use cases/Features/Overview
â SGCG/M490
â SMCG/M441
â G3 PLC/PRIME
â Governance
⢠Smart Vehicles (ITS)
â DSRC/WAVE/802.11p
â EC Mandate/ETSI/ITS-G5
â Use cases/Features
⢠Cloud
â Gaming
â TV Connected
⢠Smart TVs
⢠Thin Clients/Stream boxes
⢠PVR
⢠Standardization & industry Alliances
⢠Net neutrality
⢠Conclusions & Perspectives
â French Market
â Worldwide Forecast
Š Thierry Lestable,2012
4
Part 3 (Final slot)
10. IoT Investments are sources of
New revenue Streams & IPR
protection
10
Minimum Investment in IoT now will first secure business against
Patent Trolls, then strengthen, widen scope from
existing product lines, by generating new revenue streams.
21. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
23
Internet of Things
Enablers
Energy
Intelligence
Communication
Integration
Interoperability
Standards
Manufacturing
Barriers
Lack of Governance
Privacy & Security
Applications
Things on the move
Retail
Bar code replacement by
RFID Tag
Logistic
Pharmaceutical
Food
Ubiquitous intelligent devices
Ambient and Assisted Living
(AAL)
âeHealth
âIntelligent Home
âTransportation
Society,
âPeople, Security & Privacy
37. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
40
IoT, European Commission
⢠Need for Governance Actions
â Privacy & protection of personnal Data
â Trust, Acceptance & Security
â Standardization
Internet of Things
Internet of Things for People
44. Global Internet speed â Worldwide (Akamai)
Cloud Requires to cope with E2E Internet performance bottleneck,
Especially the âLast Mileâ Access.
45. Capillary Network &
Wireless Sensors Network
(WSN)
Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions
towards IP smart objectsâŚ
47. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
51
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
evolution
ScalabilityPrice
Cabling
Cables
Proprietary
radio + network
20001980s 2006
Vendor
lock-in
Increased
Productivity
ZigBee
Complex
middleware
6lowpan
Internet
Open development
and portability
Z-Wave, prop.
ISM etc.
ZigBee and
WHART
Any vendor
6lowpan
ISA100
2008 ->
48. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Konnex (KNX)
⢠Worldwide Home & building Automation
European Installation Bus (EIB) is
an European Std (ISO), created in 1987.
It is thus Open Std.
⢠International Std: ISO/IEC 14543-3
⢠European Std:
⢠CENELEC EN50090
⢠CEN EN 13321-1/ 13321-2
⢠Chinese Std: GB/Z 20965
⢠US Std: ANSI/ASHRAE 135
49. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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KNX: The EIB Bus
⢠EIB Bus system principle
Medium Transmission:
-Twisted Pair (TP)
-Powerline (PL)
-RF
50. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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ISA 100: Industrial Automation
ISA: International Society for AutomationISA100.11a Wireless is based on
IEEE 802.15.4 (WPAN) & IETF 6LoWPAN
802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz used as in standard
Except: carrier sensing is optional
802.15.4-2006 MAC sub-layer used as in the standard
ISA100.11a adds MAC features on-top of this
Channel hopping
Slotted hopping and slow hopping
Time coordination
No MAC retransmissions
No 802.15.4 beacon mode features used
54. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Bluetooth
scatternet
bridge
Star Topology
Piconet (up to 7 active Devices)
(Master in one piconet can be
a slave in another)
2.4 GHz ISM band
1998 - BT technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is formed.
Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire replacement
1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.
2003 - announcement of Version 2.1.
2004 - v 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.
2005 - v 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005.
2007 - v 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
2009 - v 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
Wi-Fi as alternate PHY/MAC
2010 â v4.0: BT Smart : WiBree (Ultra Low Power) integrated into Bluetooth,
as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
2013 â v4.1: * Coexistence with LTE
* Better connections: reconnection time flexible
ď¨ 2 devices reconnect automatically
* Improved data transfer: Bulk data transfer
ď¨ Gathered data is transfered once reconnected
Up to 7 controllers
Max Range
Class (m) dBm mW
1 100 20 100
2 10 4 2,5
3 1 0 1
Max Power
BT version Throughput (Mbps)
v1.2 1
v2.0+EDR 3
v3.0 + HS 24
79 x 1MHz channels
sensors
56. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Zigbee
Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps.
Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing.
Support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks.
CSMA-CA channel access.
Automatic network establishment by the coordinator.
Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.
Power management to ensure low power consumption.
16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I
and one channel in the 868MHz band.
IEEE 802.15.4 features
57. Zigbee 3.0
Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Too many Zigbee profiles, each âoptimizedâ for a different application!
E.g. for Home Automation, smart energy, health care, etcâŚVery
confusing!
With emerging IoT Market, there was thus a strong need to simpify
this from a customer standpoint!
ď¨ Zigbee 3.0 targets to UNIFY and ensuring INTEROP amongst
those applications (Lighting, Energy efficiency, etc..)!
N.B: RF4CE (CPE products Home) will NOT be included in Zigbee 3.0
58. Thread (Nest) (1/2)
Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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7 Founding Members (launched july 2014)
- IPv6 based
- NOT a whole new standard
- Runs on existing 802.15.4 products
- 250+ devices on a PAN
No single point of failure!
ď¨ MESH & NW can add router
to improve connectivity if required
59. Thread (2/2)
Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Certification through a 3rd party Test lab will be
launched end of H1â2015!
70. WiFi â 802.11ac (Wave 2)
Archer AC3200 Wireless Tri-Band
Gigabit Router
BCM Xstream platform
2 radios @5GHz, 1 radio @2.4GHz
6 SS 11ac, 3 SS 11n
Up to 3.2Gbps
Archer AC2600
QCA9980 platform
4x4 MU-MIMO (MU|EX)
802.11ac wave 2
71. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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NETWORKING
SUBSYSTEM
Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11a/b/g/n)Bluetooth 4.0
(Bluetooth Smart)
Apple MFi Bluetooth support
GPS
MEMS GPS/INS Kalman filtering fusion
algorithm
Micro USB
Device charging/power
Data transfer
77. ⢠ WiFi Aware ⢠makes it easier to learn what kind of
services are nearby BEFORE a connection is made,
and thus saves Power Âť
⢠Optimized to work well even in crowded environment
⢠Key enabler
â Personalized social, local, and mobile experience
â Find video gaming opponents
â Share Media content
â Access localized information
WiFi â WFA ÂŤ WiFi Aware Âť
79. Passpoint/Hotspot2.0
Internal document| Direction |
84
⢠Likewise BYOD influenced WiFi, IoT & âalways connectedâ scenario might
deeply impact WiFi deployments & Key differentiators.
GAS
(Generic Advertising
Service)
ANQP
⢠Venue Name
⢠Network Authentication
Type
⢠Roaming Consortium List
⢠IPv4/IPv6, NAT
⢠3GPP Cellular info
⢠Domain name list
⢠âŚ
80. IEEE 802.11ah / WiFi Alliance Erah :
Sub 1GHz Long Range WiFi ď¨ IoT
Internal document| Direction |
85
⢠11ah is of particular interest, as Key enabler for
Groth opportunities within Internet of Things (IoT)
Market, both Smart Home, and for Utilities
BW: 1MHz, and 2MHz
1. 11ac Down-clocking by 10
2. Low mode @150Kbps
81. IEEE 802.11ax (HEW) â Main
Objectives
⢠Focus on WLAN indoor and outdoor operation in the 2.4 GHz and the 5
GHz frequency bands in dense deployment scenario
⢠Modifications to both the IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC that enable at least
one mode of operation capable of:
⢠Supporting at least four times improvement in the average throughput
per station (vs 802.11n/ac)
⢠Maintaining or improving the power efficiency per station
⢠Backward compatibility and coexistence with legacy IEEE 802.11
devices operating in the same band
Internal document | Direction |
86
SAGEMCOM is participating in 802.11ax
83. IEEE 802.11ax - Evaluation
⢠Set of typical deploymentscenarios representative of the main expected usage models that are
likely to sufferbottlenecks in the coming years
88
Internal document | Direction |
84. IEEE 802.11ax - Milestones
(May 2014)
⢠During the May kick-off meeting, preliminary milestones have beendefined with a timeframe
similar to the 802.11ac one
â Expecting firstcommercialproducts by 2016-2017 (TBC with BCM/QCA)
89
As comparisonâŚ
Internal document | Direction |
85. IEEE 802.11ax - July 2014
Goals
⢠The next TGax meeting in July will start the true beginning of the TG:
⢠Continue to advance Simulation Scenarios (802. 11-14/0621) and Evaluation
Methodologies (802. 11-14/0571) documents
⢠Approve an initial Functional Requirements documents
⢠Approve an initial Channel Model document
⢠Discuss and approve TG structure and process
⢠Some Wi-Fi Alliance members are thinking about a fork in certification
programs to embrace the need of new PHY/MAC revisions, .e.g.
⢠'Classic Wi-Fi Certified' capturing up to 802.11ac
⢠'Wi-Fi Certified' for upcoming ax and beyond
90
Internal document | Direction |
86. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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IP for Smart Object (IPSO) Alliance
⢠Support Activities
â IETF 6LoWPAN
â IETF ROLL
â ISA100
â IEEE
⢠Activities
â Interoperability Tests
(IOT)
â Architecture Design
â Technology Proof of
Concepts (PoC)
â White Papers
â Tutorials/Dissemination
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IETF 6LoWPAN
IPv6 over Low-power WPAN
⢠IETF RFC 4919, 4944
⢠6LoWPAN is an ADAPTATION
Header Format!
⢠16/64 bit IEEE 802.15.4
addressing
⢠Efficient header compression
â IPv6 base and extension headers,
UDP header
⢠Network autoconfiguration using
neighbor discovery
⢠Unicast, multicast and broadcast
support
â Multicast is compressed and
mapped to broadcast
⢠Fragmentation
â 1280 byte IPv6 MTU -> 127 byte
802.15.4 frames
⢠Support for IP routing (e.g. IETF
RPL)
⢠Support for use of link-layer mesh
(e.g. 802.15.5)
IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack
88. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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IETF ROLL
Routing Over Low-power and Lossy networks
⢠Standardizing a routing algorithm for embedded apps
⢠Application specific requirements
â Home automation
â Commercial building automation
â Industrial automation
â Urban environments
⢠Analyzed all existing protocols
⢠Solution must work over IPv6 and 6LoWPAN
⢠Routing Protocol in-progress called RPL âRippleâ
â Proactive distance-vector approach
â See draft-ietf-roll-rpl for detailed information
89. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Contiki â uIPv6 stack
⢠Open source
⢠Small footprint
â Code size ~ 11.5Kb
â RAM usage ~ 1.8Kb
â Fit on most constraint
Sensors platforms
⢠Certified
â IPv6 Phase 1
â ď¨ interoperable with
stacks from all other
certified vendors
⢠uIPv6 Design
⢠IPv6 Specs (RFC2460)
⢠IPv6 Addressing (RFC4291)
⢠Neighbor Discovery (RFC 4861)
⢠Stateless Address Config
(RFC4862)
⢠ICMPv6 (RFC4443)
90. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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Berkeley initiative
⢠http://openwsn.berkel
ey.edu/
⢠http://wsn.eecs.berkel
ey.edu/connectivity/
Open source implementations + Connectivity data repositary & IETF ROLL/RPL test
http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/
92. IoT: Secure, trustworthy & seamless Integration of
Heterogeneous devices towards End-User services
97
Utilities
Direct Benefits for End-User are Keystone for Massive Adoption of IoT
93. IoT â SmartHome: French tech
Open APIs & platform announced
IFTTT Channel
Launched in
Sept.â14
Face detection
CES innovation awards :
- Wearables: Watch âActivitĂŠââ˘
- Smart Home: HD camera
Launched in 2014
BTLE
Battery: 8 months
iOS7+
Android (Q1â15)
BTLE
WiFi 2x2 MIMO @2.4GHz
iOS7+, Android in 2015
5MP sensor
1080p @30fps
WebRTC
135° angle
Audio echo cancellation & noise reduction
The French Tech
ramps-up its
Footprint in the
IoT arena, first
with SmartHome
devices.
94. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
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tensiomètre
âWellnessâ
âQuantified Selfâ
Pas effectuĂŠs
DĂŠnivelĂŠ parcouru activement
Distance parcourue : sur la base du profil utilisateur pour une
prĂŠcision ĂŠlevĂŠe
Calories brĂťlĂŠes :
Pulse affiche les calories actives
Le widget de lâapplication affiche les calories mĂŠtaboliques + le
total des calories
Course Ă pied : rĂŠcapitulatif journalier de la durĂŠe et de la
distance
Rythme cardiaque instantanĂŠ
DurĂŠe de sommeil
QualitĂŠ du sommeil
Sommeil lĂŠger contre sommeil profond
Interruptions du sommeil
95. IoT â SmartHome: Iris (Loweâs (Retail))
Giant Retailer strongly embraces Smart Home DIY (Do
It Yourself), with GE, Honeywell, WhirlpoolâŚ
96. 101
WAN
HAN: Home Area Network / PAN: Personal Area Network / BAN: Body Area Network / G.O: Group Owner
OperatorsVerticals OTT
Sensors & actuators
Connectivity (BAN, PAN, HAN)
Access
Data Management, Analytics
Service Delivery Platforms
CustomerInterface
Service Providers
Security / Utilities / Health / Entertainment
Security,Privacy,Trust
DeviceManagement,Monitoring,Diagnosis
97. 102
WiFi, BTLEâŚ
WAN
xDSL, FTTx, DOCSIS, 4G
Heterogeneous connectivity
Things
Sensors, actuators, meters, machines, devices, CPEsâŚ
HAN
RGW/STB are Home Area Network (HAN) Gatekeepers
- Security, CA, Privacy
- Translation
- Protocols
- Data Models
- Coordination HAN devices
- Home overlay coverage
- QoS
- Energy efficiency
Application Stores
PAN
âŚ
A/V-PAN
Hub/GO
HAN: Home Area Network / PAN: Personal Area Network / BAN: Body Area Network / G.O: Group Owner
98. 103
WiFi, BTLEâŚ
WAN
xDSL, FTTx, DOCSIS, 4G
Heterogeneous connectivity
Things
Sensors, actuators, meters, machines, devices, CPEsâŚ
HAN Application Stores
PAN
âŚ
A/V-PAN
Hub/GO
HAN: Home Area Network / PAN: Personal Area Network / BAN: Body Area Network / G.O: Group Owner
products are Keystone for Safe, Secure & Trusted HAN
- Multimedia
- Energy
Walled Garden positions wonât last
Need to embrace the
Smart Home revolution:
- IoT supervision & enabler
- Cloud added value
99. 104
WiFi, BTLEâŚ
WAN
xDSL, FTTx, DOCSIS, 4G
Heterogeneous connectivity
Things
Sensors, actuators, meters, machines, devices, CPEsâŚ
HAN Application Stores
âŚ
Middleware,datamodel,common bus
Connectivity
Networking
Home CPEsâ strength driven by integration:
- Heterogeneous
- Connectivity
- Networking
- Middleware
- datamodels
IoT Only
100. WiFi, BTLEâŚ
WAN
xDSL, FTTx, DOCSIS, 4G
Heterogeneous connectivity
Things
Sensors, actuators, meters, machines, devices, CPEsâŚ
HAN Application Stores
âŚ
IoT Only
White goodsDoors (Home, Garage)
Lighting Thermostat
Multimedia
Safety, security
This is timely opportunity :
- Strengthen its value chain position
- Climb the ladder
By offering Value Added Services
enablers to its customers:
- âHome awareâ & user centric
- Media Gateways
- Connected STBs
- Meters & Sensors
101. MULTIPLE ACTORS SHARING EFFORTS
106
Sagemcom | February 2014 |
ÂŤ One Protocol to Rule Them All? Âť
Source: Real-Time Innovations, Inc. (RTI)
102. 107
THE 4 PILLARS FOR
CONNECTED HOME
4
Which interface
for cloud services
?
2
A common
framework to
manage
applications
1
A common
protocol to
connect devices
Frame
work
Frame
work
Framew
ork
Framew
ork
3
A shared
infrastructure to
make silos
communicate
Sagemcom | February 2014 |
103. Towards A COMMON APPLICATION
PROTOCOL
Home Bus
Aggregat
ed data
Aggregate
d data
One common
protocol
One common data
model
Device
data
Device
data
Applications Applications
Sagemcom | February 2014 |
ÂŤ AGORA BUS Âť
ALLOWS DATA EXCHANGE BETWEEN
ECOSYSTEMS
116. Technicolor - QeO Ecosystem
122
Very limited impact on its own!
?
partner
AllSeen
Bigger impact within strong ecosystem/partners
117. Qualcomm - Allseen Alliance:
123
Community Members Sponsored Members
Membership Fees
Premier Members
Certification & compliance
program
Summerâ14
120. AllSeen: Some use cases
Š Thierry Lestable,2012
126
Event notifications across Home Devices Share capabilities & controls
Full suite of Multi-screen experience(WiFi) Onboarding
122. Intel/Samsung â Open
Interconnect Consortium (OIC)
128
1. New consortium will seekto define
⢠connectivityrequirements
⢠to ensure the interoperability
of billions of devices projectedto come online by 2020 â from
- PCs, smartphones and tablets
- to home and industrial appliances and new wearable form factors.
2. The Open InterconnectConsortium intends to deliver
⢠a specification,
⢠an open sourceimplementation,
⢠a certification program forwirelessly connecting devices.
3. The first open sourcecode will target the specific requirements for
⢠smarthome
⢠officesolutions,
⢠with more use case scenarios to follow.
Sept.â14
âOpenâ, BUT VERY LIMITED Information to Outer world!!
123. OIC: Scope & Technology Foundation
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126. Š Thierry Lestable,2011
132
Digital Living Network Alliance
(DLNA)
⢠DLNA (www.dlna.org) is focused
on delivering an interoperability
framework of design guidelines
based on open industry standards
to complete the cross-industry
digital convergence
⢠DLNAv1 regroups many existing
standards (UPnP, HTTP, Audio
and Video formats) into a single
document that insures that home
devices
will interoperate
⢠UPnP and UPnP/AV are
important parts of building any
DLNA solutions
UPnP
DLNA
UPnP
DLNA
DLNA v1.0
UPnP
DLNA v1.0
UPnP
127. Š Thierry Lestable,2011
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UPnP Overview (1/2)
⢠UDP used for Discovery since multicast
⢠SSDP: simple Search/Discovery Protocol [IETF]
⢠SOAP = Simple Object Access Protocol [W3C]
⢠GENA: General Event Notification Architecture
[IETF]
⢠HTML is the basis of user interface
⢠ALL UPnP messages are framed using XML
Universal Plug and Play
ControlPoint Device
⢠action on Device
⢠react to notifications of
state changes from devices
⢠provide services
⢠Notify change of states (events)
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol / XML: Extensible Markup Language
128. Š Thierry Lestable,2011
134
UPnP Overview (2/2)
Universal Plug and Play
0: Addressing
DHCP or ARP
1: Discovery
SSDP
2: Description
XML
1: Discovery
SSDP
3: Control
SOAP
4: Eventing
GENA
4: Eventing
GENA
5: Presentation
HTML
133. IoT â SmartHome: Arlo (Netgear)
Smart Security Camera
720p video @130° Field of view, H.264
Night vision, Motion alerts,
Cloud storage,battery powered,
Arlo Smart Home system
802.11n
134. A lot of devices at home
A lot of applications
runnning at the same time
Products coming from
heterogeneous sources
No Home Integrator
140
IoT for People: Societal &
Ease of Use!
???
DIA
G
What could be a real
diagnostic tool ?
Able to understand the
home complexity
And translate it in simple
words to the USER
When the House (or your
robot) gets âcrazyâ, who
can help the USER ?
What happens when
several applications
want to access
simultaneously to the
same ressources
135. Need for Field experiments / Feedback
commercial deployments
141
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
WSN Testbeds
Source: ÂŤ A survey on Facilities for Experimental Internet of Things Research Âť, A.Gluhak et al., IEEE Comm.Mag.#49, 2011
- Difficult to make âApple to Appleâ comparisons & draw relevant conclusions
- Need Larger Scale & More open Deployments
- Need More Sharing & Tracking of results within the âCommunityâ
- ď¨ Open Communities & Open Innovation!
Sagemcom | February 2014 |
136. Š Thierry Lestable,2012
142
Berkeley initiative
⢠http://openwsn.berkeley.edu/ ⢠http://wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu/c
onnectivity/
Open source implementations/Connectivity data repositary/IETF ROLL/RPL test
http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/
137. Georgia Tech
143
Center for the Development & Applications of Internet of
Things Technologies
(CDAIT)
ÂŤ Imagination Accelerated Âť