This document discusses in vitro pollination and artificial seeds. It begins by introducing in vitro pollination as a technique to produce hybrid embryos between plant species that cannot naturally cross-breed. It then describes different in vitro pollination techniques like stigmatic, ovarian, and ovular pollination. The document also covers the applications of in vitro pollination in plant breeding by overcoming self-incompatibility and cross-incompatibility. Next, it defines artificial seeds as embryos enclosed in a medium within a artificial seed coat, combining advantages of cloning and seed propagation. Finally, it outlines the procedure for synthetic seed production and advantages over somatic embryos for propagation.

1. INVITRO
POLLINATION
AND ARTIFICAL
SEED
SUBMIITED BY :- KIRAN
B.S.c (H) BIOTECH
4TH SEM

2. INTRODUCTION
 Pollination and fertilization
under in vitro conditions offer
an opportunity for producing
hybrid embryos among plants
that cannot cross by
conventional methods of
plant breeding.
 This technique was
developed at university of
Delhi in papaveracea and
solanaceae .
 The vitro pollination can be
accomplished by procedure
by following appropriate
sterilization procedure,
suitable nutrient medium and
selection of suitable explant.

3. IMPORTANCE
OF
INVITRO
POLLINATION
 In nature, Interspecific hybridization occurs less frequently.
This is due to hindering factor.
 FACTOR:- barrier to the growth of the pollen tube on the
stigma or style.
 SOLUTION :-In such cases the style or part of it can be
excised and pollen grains either placed on the cut surface
of OVARY.
 This technique, called intraovarian pollination,
 EXAMPLE :- Papaver sommiferum , Eschscholtiza
California, Argemone Mexicana and Argemone ochroleuca

4. DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES
 Stigmatic pollination: In vitro application of pollen to the stigma.
 Ovarian pollination: In vitro application of pollen to excised ovary.
 Placental pollination: In vitro application of pollen to ovules attached
to the placenta.
 Ovular pollination: application of pollen to excised ovules under in
vitro condition.

5. APPLICATION OF IN VITRO
POLLINATION
 In plant breeding the
technique of in vitro
pollination has potential
applications in at least
three different areas,
 a) overcoming self-
incompatibility
 b) overcoming cross-
incompatibility
 c) haploid production
through parthenogenesis.

6. ARTIFICIAL SEEDS
 In simple words synthetic seed contains an embryo
produced by somatic embryogenesis enclosed within
an artificial medium that supplies nutrients and is
encased in an artificial seed covering.
 The technology designed to combine the advantages
of clonal propagation with those of seed propagation
and storage.
 The first synthetic seeds were produced by Kitto and
Janick in 1982 using carrot somatic embryos

7. PROCEDURE FOR SYNTHETIC SEED PRODUCTION:
 (1) Establishment of
callus culture
 (2) Induction of somatic
embryogenesis in callus
culture
 (3) Maturation of somatic
embryos
 (4) Encapsulation of
somatic embryos
 After encapsulation,
the artificial seeds are
tested by two steps:
 (1) Test for embryoid to
plant conversion
 (2) Green-house and
field planting.

8. ADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC SEEDS OVER
SOMATIC EMBRYOS FOR PROPAGATION
 1. Ease of handling while in storage
 2. Easy to transport
 3. Has potential for long term storage without losing
viability
 4. Maintains the clonal nature of the resulting plants
 5. Serves as a channel for new plant lines produced
through biotechnological advances to be delivered
directly to the green house or field
 6. Allows economical mass propagation of elite
plant varieties

9. ADVANCED SEED
 AgriCOTE is a unique seed
application technology that is used
to apply various beneficial
agricultural products to seed.
 Benefits of using AgriCOTE treated
seed is as follows:
• Improved handling through
increased flow-ability of the seed.
• Improved seed to soil contact.
• Added protection against insect
predation.
• Added protection against seedling
rot.
• Added nutrition to the developing
seedling.
• Improved seedling survival and
establishment.
• Economical to use.
• Inoculant can be added during the
process.

10. THANKYOU