This document provides an overview of key figures and developments in the Late Renaissance period from 1500-1600. It discusses major artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. It also examines influential political and religious leaders such as Pope Alexander VI, Pope Julius II, and Martin Luther. Luther's 95 Theses challenging Catholic doctrine helped spark the Protestant Reformation. The document also summarizes the Catholic Counter-Reformation and the religious conflicts it led to like the Thirty Years War.
Introduction to Western Humanities - 7b Mid and Northern RenaissanceRandy Connolly
Seventh lecture for GNED 1202 (Texts and Ideas). It is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Intro to Western Civilization style course.
The Renaissance lecture has been divided into three parts. This is the second.
Introduction to Western Humanities - 7a - Early RenaissanceRandy Connolly
Seventh lecture for GNED 1202 (Texts and Ideas). It is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Intro to Western Civilization style course.
The Renaissance lecture has been divided into three parts. This is the first.
The document discusses key artists of the Early and High Renaissance periods in Italy such as Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. It describes their innovations in techniques like linear perspective, use of light and shadow, and more realistic human figures. These artists helped establish principles of Renaissance art that focused on naturalism and three-dimensional representations of space.
The document summarizes how the Crusades helped spark the Italian Renaissance by stimulating trade between Europe and the Middle East. This increased contact and exchange of goods and ideas. Wealth accumulated from trade led to the rise of powerful city-states like Florence, Venice, and Genoa. The Renaissance saw revolutions in art and literature as artists like Michelangelo and writers like Shakespeare embraced humanism and drew inspiration from classical antiquity. The printing press helped spread new Renaissance ideas across Europe.
The document provides an overview of the Early Renaissance period in Italy from 1400-1490. It summarizes the rise of prominent city-states like Florence and key families that sponsored the arts, such as the Medicis. Major artists that emerged during this time are also profiled, including painters like Masaccio, Botticelli, and Ghirlandaio who pioneered techniques like linear perspective. Contemporary architects like Brunelleschi and Alberti are highlighted for their classical designs of buildings and structures. Leading sculptors of the era included Ghiberti, Donatello, and Verrocchio, who drew inspiration from Roman and Greek works.
The document provides context on the Early Renaissance period in three paragraphs. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy between 1400-1600 as an artistic revival centered on classical Greco-Roman styles and ideals. Key factors that influenced this rebirth were the decline of Constantinople which brought Greek scholars to Italy, and the rediscovery of classical texts. The arts during this period, especially painting, sculpture and architecture, began embracing principles of realism, anatomy, and linear perspective that had been lost since antiquity. Major artists like Masaccio and Botticelli produced influential works that advanced these naturalistic styles and techniques.
KCC Art 211 Ch 16 Renaissance, Mannerism, BaroqueKelly Parker
This document provides an overview of key figures and developments during the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods in Europe. It summarizes the artistic innovations of early Renaissance artists like Giotto, Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, and Donatello. It also discusses the patronage of the Medici family in Florence and their support of artists including Michelangelo, da Vinci, and Raphael. Key points about da Vinci's paintings, drawings, and notebooks are summarized at the end.
Bernini was an Italian artist considered the greatest sculptor of the 17th century. He created the Baroque style of sculpture and was also an outstanding architect. Some of his most famous works include the baldachin in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and the Cornaro Chapel. Bernini served as the architect of St. Peter's and received many commissions from popes. He helped establish the Baroque style that became an international standard and influenced architecture for generations after his death.
Introduction to Western Humanities - 7b Mid and Northern RenaissanceRandy Connolly
Seventh lecture for GNED 1202 (Texts and Ideas). It is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Intro to Western Civilization style course.
The Renaissance lecture has been divided into three parts. This is the second.
Introduction to Western Humanities - 7a - Early RenaissanceRandy Connolly
Seventh lecture for GNED 1202 (Texts and Ideas). It is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Intro to Western Civilization style course.
The Renaissance lecture has been divided into three parts. This is the first.
The document discusses key artists of the Early and High Renaissance periods in Italy such as Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. It describes their innovations in techniques like linear perspective, use of light and shadow, and more realistic human figures. These artists helped establish principles of Renaissance art that focused on naturalism and three-dimensional representations of space.
The document summarizes how the Crusades helped spark the Italian Renaissance by stimulating trade between Europe and the Middle East. This increased contact and exchange of goods and ideas. Wealth accumulated from trade led to the rise of powerful city-states like Florence, Venice, and Genoa. The Renaissance saw revolutions in art and literature as artists like Michelangelo and writers like Shakespeare embraced humanism and drew inspiration from classical antiquity. The printing press helped spread new Renaissance ideas across Europe.
The document provides an overview of the Early Renaissance period in Italy from 1400-1490. It summarizes the rise of prominent city-states like Florence and key families that sponsored the arts, such as the Medicis. Major artists that emerged during this time are also profiled, including painters like Masaccio, Botticelli, and Ghirlandaio who pioneered techniques like linear perspective. Contemporary architects like Brunelleschi and Alberti are highlighted for their classical designs of buildings and structures. Leading sculptors of the era included Ghiberti, Donatello, and Verrocchio, who drew inspiration from Roman and Greek works.
The document provides context on the Early Renaissance period in three paragraphs. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy between 1400-1600 as an artistic revival centered on classical Greco-Roman styles and ideals. Key factors that influenced this rebirth were the decline of Constantinople which brought Greek scholars to Italy, and the rediscovery of classical texts. The arts during this period, especially painting, sculpture and architecture, began embracing principles of realism, anatomy, and linear perspective that had been lost since antiquity. Major artists like Masaccio and Botticelli produced influential works that advanced these naturalistic styles and techniques.
KCC Art 211 Ch 16 Renaissance, Mannerism, BaroqueKelly Parker
This document provides an overview of key figures and developments during the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods in Europe. It summarizes the artistic innovations of early Renaissance artists like Giotto, Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, and Donatello. It also discusses the patronage of the Medici family in Florence and their support of artists including Michelangelo, da Vinci, and Raphael. Key points about da Vinci's paintings, drawings, and notebooks are summarized at the end.
Bernini was an Italian artist considered the greatest sculptor of the 17th century. He created the Baroque style of sculpture and was also an outstanding architect. Some of his most famous works include the baldachin in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and the Cornaro Chapel. Bernini served as the architect of St. Peter's and received many commissions from popes. He helped establish the Baroque style that became an international standard and influenced architecture for generations after his death.
This document provides an overview of art and patronage during the Italian Renaissance. Wealthy Italian families, such as the Medicis, and the Catholic Church were major patrons who sponsored works from many famous artists. Key developments included increased realism and use of perspective in works by Masaccio and Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael also produced famous sculptures and frescoes during this period. Major artworks demonstrated the values of humanism and classicism that were prominent during the Renaissance.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was an influential Italian Renaissance artist known for his sculptures, paintings and architecture. He is renowned for sculpting David and painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and was a prolific artist who worked to perfect depicting the human form through sculptures, frescoes and other artistic mediums throughout his long life from 1475 to 1564.
The document summarizes the key events and developments of the Italian Renaissance in Florence. It describes how Florence was a center of civic pride and humanist learning during this period, governed as a republic rather than a monarchy. Major events discussed include the competition between Ghiberti and Brunelleschi to design baptistry doors, reflecting both religious and civic themes, and Brunelleschi's engineering of the dome of Florence Cathedral, which became a symbol of the city's achievements. The document argues these cultural and artistic developments embodied the secular, humanist ideals of the Renaissance and demonstrated Florence's view of itself as heir to ancient Greek and Roman culture.
1) Pope Leo X was known for his lavish lifestyle and extravagance that bankrupted the papacy early in his pontificate, leading to the unprecedented sale of indulgences.
2) When Martin Luther visited Rome in 1510, he was shocked by the worldly decadence of the clergy, which contributed to sparking the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses.
3) Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the Last Judgment fresco in the Sistine Chapel in the aftermath of these events, though it generated controversy for its nude figures and had to be partially censored.
This document provides an overview of important works of medieval and Renaissance art, including sculptures, portraits, and religious paintings. It mentions effigies of kings from the 13th century, busts of historical figures from the 5th century BC and 15th century, Gothic sculptures at Chartres Cathedral, Michelangelo's David statue, and famous paintings by artists such as Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and others depicting biblical, mythical and historical subjects. The document also references the first known use of linear perspective in the Trinity fresco by Masaccio and da Vinci's innovations with perspective in works like the Last Supper and Adoration of the Magi.
The Renaissance movement originated in Italy between the 14th and 17th centuries and emphasized rebirth of classical antiquity. Key artists included Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Raphael, and Michelangelo. The Italian Renaissance was notable for reviving classical Greek/Roman styles, embracing humanism, developing techniques like linear perspective, and making artwork more realistic.
Donatello was a leading Renaissance sculptor in Florence who drew inspiration from classical antiquity. His statue of Saint Mark for the city's Orsanmichele church marked a radical departure from medieval representations of saints. Depicting Saint Mark in a natural, weight-bearing pose and engaged with the world, it embodied the humanist ideals of civic virtue and the dignity of man. Donatello's later bronze David, commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici, celebrated the human body and human potential through its contrapposto pose and nudity inspired by classical Greek art. It became a symbol of Florence's civic pride and liberties.
Art Appreciation Topic IV: Renaissance ArtThomas C.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 15th century and lasted until the early 17th century. Artists during this period strived for more naturalistic and realistic representations, moving away from symbolic medieval styles. The humanist philosophy of this period emphasized naturalism and the dignity of humanity. Major Italian Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli. Northern Renaissance art also emphasized naturalism through precise detail and mastery of oil painting. Mannerism developed after Raphael as a more complex and elongated style that spread throughout Europe.
Renaissance art and architecture differed from the medieval period in several key ways:
1. Renaissance art placed a stronger emphasis on realism, classical influence from Greco-Roman styles, and depicting human emotion and form over religious dogma.
2. Perspective techniques developed, allowing artists to create the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface through techniques like linear perspective and proportion.
3. Individualism was expressed through techniques like portraiture that captured the subject's unique personality and likeness, rather than generic representations.
The document provides information about arts of the Renaissance period from 1400-1600. It discusses three famous Renaissance artists - Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael - and some of their most famous works. Michelangelo's works discussed include the Pieta, David, Bacchus, Dying Slave, Dawn, and Dusk sculptures. Leonardo da Vinci's works mentioned are The Last Supper mural, Mona Lisa painting, Vitruvian Man drawing, and Virgin of the Rocks painting. Raphael's works highlighted are The Sistine Madonna painting and The School of Athens fresco. The document also briefly covers the early Renaissance sculptor Donatello and some of
The document provides an overview of major periods and developments in Italian Renaissance art from the 14th to 16th centuries. It begins with precursors like Giotto in the 14th century who moved away from stiff Byzantine styles towards more realistic figures and emotions. Major 15th century Early Renaissance artists mentioned include Brunelleschi, Donatello, Masaccio and Botticelli who revived classical ideals. The High Renaissance of the late 15th-early 16th centuries saw masters like Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian mastering techniques like perspective and human form. Mannerism in the mid-late 16th century featured elongated figures and asymmetrical compositions by artists such as Pontormo,
Renaissance Art and Mannerism by Stephen GomezStephen Gomez
For more pdf's about HUMANITIES just message me on facebook STEPHEN GOMEZ or stephen.gomez23
thank you and enjoy!
if you have suggestions/recommendations just comment below :)
The document provides an overview of the key concepts and developments of the Italian Renaissance between the 15th-16th centuries. It summarizes that the Renaissance began in Italy due to the revival of commerce and towns, a weaker feudal system, exposure to ancient Greek and Roman culture, and influential families like the Medicis in Florence. The Renaissance saw advancements in art, architecture, education, science and politics that celebrated humanity and individualism over religious doctrine. Figures like Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and Machiavelli were influential in this period that helped spread humanism ideas throughout Europe.
Pope Julius II hired Donato Bramante to redesign St. Peter's Basilica, replacing the traditional basilica plan with a central plan shaped like a Greek cross topped by a dome. Michelangelo was later brought in to design the unfinished dome. Raphael was another artist brought to Rome by Julius II and commissioned to complete a series of frescoes in the Vatican, including his famous work The School of Athens depicting philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle.
The Burgundian Netherlands refers to the Low Countries (modern Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) and northern France when ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy in the late 14th-15th centuries. Under Burgundian rule, the region became one of Europe's richest centers of cloth production, trade, and art patronage. Artists like Jan van Eyck and Hans Memling were attracted to the Burgundian court and cities like Bruges. Their realistic style differed from the classical ideals of Italian Renaissance art, focusing more on religious experience and accurate depictions of local life.
The document discusses devotional altarpieces that emerged in 15th century Northern Europe. Prosperous merchants and bankers in cities like Bruges and Antwerp commissioned diptychs and triptychs for private prayer featuring the Virgin Mary and donor portraits of the patron. Hans Memling's diptych of Martin Von Nieuwenhove depicts the patron praying to a humanized Mary, with their realities merged through ingenious devices. This reflected the new Humanist approach of intermingling the earthly and divine.
Mannerism developed in the 16th century in Italy as a reaction against the principles of the High Renaissance. It focused on elongated and exaggerated human forms depicted in unnatural poses and settings. Mannerist artworks often contained distorted figures, artificial colors, and unrealistic proportions that created a feeling of tension and instability. This style reflected the turmoil in Europe during its rise and provided a transition between the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
The rise of portraiture during the Renaissance was significant because it reflected the increasingly secular and humanist worldview that focused on individuals and their lives rather than religion. Patrons also began commissioning portraits and secular works of art for personal fame and prestige rather than just religious works. This led to a rise in independent portrait commissions and subjects from mythology, and art eventually began being made simply for its own aesthetic value.
The summary is:
1) 15th century Italy was made up of independent city-states like Florence, Milan, and Padua that were sometimes at war. Wealthy merchant families like the Medici rose to power and became major art patrons, helping launch the Italian Renaissance.
2) Early Renaissance art in Italy showed a greater focus on realistic human forms and classical influences compared to Northern Renaissance art, using techniques like linear perspective pioneered by Brunelleschi.
3) Major artists included Donatello, who created the first life-size nude statue since antiquity, and Masaccio, a pioneer of linear perspective and realistic human emotion in frescoes. Their innovations spread throughout Italy and influenced other
The pulpit by Nicola Pisano from 1260 is considered a major work of medieval sculpture. Unlike traditional Tuscan pulpits, it stands freely in space rather than against a wall, allowing it to be viewed from all sides. The hexagonal pulpit features high relief panels depicting scenes from Jesus's life and is supported by elaborate columns resting on carved lions. Pisano's style concentrated on creating monumental figures with a new classic dignity.
El documento resume los eventos de la semana del 18 de mayo de 1810 en Buenos Aires, Argentina, que condujeron a la formación de la Primera Junta de Gobierno Patrio. Los criollos solicitaron al virrey Cisneros la realización de un Cabildo Abierto para determinar los pasos a seguir tras disolverse la Junta Central de España. A pesar de las dudas iniciales, Cisneros accedió y el 22 de mayo el Cabildo Abierto votó por destituir a Cisneros y nombrar una Junta de Gobierno. Sin
The NoDa neighborhood in Charlotte, North Carolina originated as a mill village in the early 1900s. The mills closed between the 1950s-1970s, leading to economic decline. In the late 1980s, art studios began moving into old mill buildings, launching the area's transformation into an arts district. Today, the neighborhood faces pressures of gentrification as new development replaces historical structures. The document examines how NoDa has preserved its history amidst urban changes and what lessons can apply to other neighborhoods.
This document provides an overview of art and patronage during the Italian Renaissance. Wealthy Italian families, such as the Medicis, and the Catholic Church were major patrons who sponsored works from many famous artists. Key developments included increased realism and use of perspective in works by Masaccio and Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael also produced famous sculptures and frescoes during this period. Major artworks demonstrated the values of humanism and classicism that were prominent during the Renaissance.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was an influential Italian Renaissance artist known for his sculptures, paintings and architecture. He is renowned for sculpting David and painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and was a prolific artist who worked to perfect depicting the human form through sculptures, frescoes and other artistic mediums throughout his long life from 1475 to 1564.
The document summarizes the key events and developments of the Italian Renaissance in Florence. It describes how Florence was a center of civic pride and humanist learning during this period, governed as a republic rather than a monarchy. Major events discussed include the competition between Ghiberti and Brunelleschi to design baptistry doors, reflecting both religious and civic themes, and Brunelleschi's engineering of the dome of Florence Cathedral, which became a symbol of the city's achievements. The document argues these cultural and artistic developments embodied the secular, humanist ideals of the Renaissance and demonstrated Florence's view of itself as heir to ancient Greek and Roman culture.
1) Pope Leo X was known for his lavish lifestyle and extravagance that bankrupted the papacy early in his pontificate, leading to the unprecedented sale of indulgences.
2) When Martin Luther visited Rome in 1510, he was shocked by the worldly decadence of the clergy, which contributed to sparking the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses.
3) Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the Last Judgment fresco in the Sistine Chapel in the aftermath of these events, though it generated controversy for its nude figures and had to be partially censored.
This document provides an overview of important works of medieval and Renaissance art, including sculptures, portraits, and religious paintings. It mentions effigies of kings from the 13th century, busts of historical figures from the 5th century BC and 15th century, Gothic sculptures at Chartres Cathedral, Michelangelo's David statue, and famous paintings by artists such as Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and others depicting biblical, mythical and historical subjects. The document also references the first known use of linear perspective in the Trinity fresco by Masaccio and da Vinci's innovations with perspective in works like the Last Supper and Adoration of the Magi.
The Renaissance movement originated in Italy between the 14th and 17th centuries and emphasized rebirth of classical antiquity. Key artists included Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Raphael, and Michelangelo. The Italian Renaissance was notable for reviving classical Greek/Roman styles, embracing humanism, developing techniques like linear perspective, and making artwork more realistic.
Donatello was a leading Renaissance sculptor in Florence who drew inspiration from classical antiquity. His statue of Saint Mark for the city's Orsanmichele church marked a radical departure from medieval representations of saints. Depicting Saint Mark in a natural, weight-bearing pose and engaged with the world, it embodied the humanist ideals of civic virtue and the dignity of man. Donatello's later bronze David, commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici, celebrated the human body and human potential through its contrapposto pose and nudity inspired by classical Greek art. It became a symbol of Florence's civic pride and liberties.
Art Appreciation Topic IV: Renaissance ArtThomas C.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 15th century and lasted until the early 17th century. Artists during this period strived for more naturalistic and realistic representations, moving away from symbolic medieval styles. The humanist philosophy of this period emphasized naturalism and the dignity of humanity. Major Italian Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli. Northern Renaissance art also emphasized naturalism through precise detail and mastery of oil painting. Mannerism developed after Raphael as a more complex and elongated style that spread throughout Europe.
Renaissance art and architecture differed from the medieval period in several key ways:
1. Renaissance art placed a stronger emphasis on realism, classical influence from Greco-Roman styles, and depicting human emotion and form over religious dogma.
2. Perspective techniques developed, allowing artists to create the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface through techniques like linear perspective and proportion.
3. Individualism was expressed through techniques like portraiture that captured the subject's unique personality and likeness, rather than generic representations.
The document provides information about arts of the Renaissance period from 1400-1600. It discusses three famous Renaissance artists - Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael - and some of their most famous works. Michelangelo's works discussed include the Pieta, David, Bacchus, Dying Slave, Dawn, and Dusk sculptures. Leonardo da Vinci's works mentioned are The Last Supper mural, Mona Lisa painting, Vitruvian Man drawing, and Virgin of the Rocks painting. Raphael's works highlighted are The Sistine Madonna painting and The School of Athens fresco. The document also briefly covers the early Renaissance sculptor Donatello and some of
The document provides an overview of major periods and developments in Italian Renaissance art from the 14th to 16th centuries. It begins with precursors like Giotto in the 14th century who moved away from stiff Byzantine styles towards more realistic figures and emotions. Major 15th century Early Renaissance artists mentioned include Brunelleschi, Donatello, Masaccio and Botticelli who revived classical ideals. The High Renaissance of the late 15th-early 16th centuries saw masters like Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian mastering techniques like perspective and human form. Mannerism in the mid-late 16th century featured elongated figures and asymmetrical compositions by artists such as Pontormo,
Renaissance Art and Mannerism by Stephen GomezStephen Gomez
For more pdf's about HUMANITIES just message me on facebook STEPHEN GOMEZ or stephen.gomez23
thank you and enjoy!
if you have suggestions/recommendations just comment below :)
The document provides an overview of the key concepts and developments of the Italian Renaissance between the 15th-16th centuries. It summarizes that the Renaissance began in Italy due to the revival of commerce and towns, a weaker feudal system, exposure to ancient Greek and Roman culture, and influential families like the Medicis in Florence. The Renaissance saw advancements in art, architecture, education, science and politics that celebrated humanity and individualism over religious doctrine. Figures like Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and Machiavelli were influential in this period that helped spread humanism ideas throughout Europe.
Pope Julius II hired Donato Bramante to redesign St. Peter's Basilica, replacing the traditional basilica plan with a central plan shaped like a Greek cross topped by a dome. Michelangelo was later brought in to design the unfinished dome. Raphael was another artist brought to Rome by Julius II and commissioned to complete a series of frescoes in the Vatican, including his famous work The School of Athens depicting philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle.
The Burgundian Netherlands refers to the Low Countries (modern Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) and northern France when ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy in the late 14th-15th centuries. Under Burgundian rule, the region became one of Europe's richest centers of cloth production, trade, and art patronage. Artists like Jan van Eyck and Hans Memling were attracted to the Burgundian court and cities like Bruges. Their realistic style differed from the classical ideals of Italian Renaissance art, focusing more on religious experience and accurate depictions of local life.
The document discusses devotional altarpieces that emerged in 15th century Northern Europe. Prosperous merchants and bankers in cities like Bruges and Antwerp commissioned diptychs and triptychs for private prayer featuring the Virgin Mary and donor portraits of the patron. Hans Memling's diptych of Martin Von Nieuwenhove depicts the patron praying to a humanized Mary, with their realities merged through ingenious devices. This reflected the new Humanist approach of intermingling the earthly and divine.
Mannerism developed in the 16th century in Italy as a reaction against the principles of the High Renaissance. It focused on elongated and exaggerated human forms depicted in unnatural poses and settings. Mannerist artworks often contained distorted figures, artificial colors, and unrealistic proportions that created a feeling of tension and instability. This style reflected the turmoil in Europe during its rise and provided a transition between the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
The rise of portraiture during the Renaissance was significant because it reflected the increasingly secular and humanist worldview that focused on individuals and their lives rather than religion. Patrons also began commissioning portraits and secular works of art for personal fame and prestige rather than just religious works. This led to a rise in independent portrait commissions and subjects from mythology, and art eventually began being made simply for its own aesthetic value.
The summary is:
1) 15th century Italy was made up of independent city-states like Florence, Milan, and Padua that were sometimes at war. Wealthy merchant families like the Medici rose to power and became major art patrons, helping launch the Italian Renaissance.
2) Early Renaissance art in Italy showed a greater focus on realistic human forms and classical influences compared to Northern Renaissance art, using techniques like linear perspective pioneered by Brunelleschi.
3) Major artists included Donatello, who created the first life-size nude statue since antiquity, and Masaccio, a pioneer of linear perspective and realistic human emotion in frescoes. Their innovations spread throughout Italy and influenced other
The pulpit by Nicola Pisano from 1260 is considered a major work of medieval sculpture. Unlike traditional Tuscan pulpits, it stands freely in space rather than against a wall, allowing it to be viewed from all sides. The hexagonal pulpit features high relief panels depicting scenes from Jesus's life and is supported by elaborate columns resting on carved lions. Pisano's style concentrated on creating monumental figures with a new classic dignity.
El documento resume los eventos de la semana del 18 de mayo de 1810 en Buenos Aires, Argentina, que condujeron a la formación de la Primera Junta de Gobierno Patrio. Los criollos solicitaron al virrey Cisneros la realización de un Cabildo Abierto para determinar los pasos a seguir tras disolverse la Junta Central de España. A pesar de las dudas iniciales, Cisneros accedió y el 22 de mayo el Cabildo Abierto votó por destituir a Cisneros y nombrar una Junta de Gobierno. Sin
The NoDa neighborhood in Charlotte, North Carolina originated as a mill village in the early 1900s. The mills closed between the 1950s-1970s, leading to economic decline. In the late 1980s, art studios began moving into old mill buildings, launching the area's transformation into an arts district. Today, the neighborhood faces pressures of gentrification as new development replaces historical structures. The document examines how NoDa has preserved its history amidst urban changes and what lessons can apply to other neighborhoods.
This document summarizes a study conducted on the NoDa Historic Arts District neighborhood in Charlotte, North Carolina. The neighborhood was originally established as a mill village in the early 20th century but experienced economic decline after the mills closed in the 1950s-1970s. Since the late 1980s, the area has seen revitalization as an arts district and influx of new residents, leading to gentrification. The study utilized oral histories, archival documentation and photography to preserve the neighborhood's history amid urban growth challenges. Key results included digitizing archival materials, collecting oral histories, and developing a plan to disseminate the neighborhood's history. The research demonstrates how public historians can help communities foster a sense of place and identity during times
Farooque Bakhsh is a seasoned operations professional with over 16 years of experience in production, operations, sales, and marketing roles in the electronic media and television industries. He is currently the Production/Logistics Manager at Panorama Television Pvt. Ltd. in Hyderabad, where he handles production activities across 13 channels in 22 states. Prior to this, he held several senior roles such as Sales, Logistics, and Purchase Head at Taste N Taste Foods, and Senior Studio Manager at CNBC Awaaz. He is proficient in project management, client relations, budgeting, and team leadership.
Antología de artículos del padre Federico Salvador Ramón publicados en la Revista Esclava y Reina nº 44 de la Congregación de Esclavas de la Inmaculada Niña.
Cecilia Garcia Gonzalez earned a Certificate of Achievement for successfully completing the course "Food, Nutrition & Your Health" by September 1st, 2015. She scored 85% overall by completing assessments in four modules: Basic Nutrition (90%), Dietary Intake (80%), Eating Disorders (90%), and Healthful Nutrition (80%).
El documento es un certificado de curso completado por Julio Cesar de Souza. El curso se llamaba "Corrección, estilo y variaciones de la lengua española" y fue ofrecido en línea por la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona a través de Coursera. El certificado está firmado por el profesor Santiago Alcoba y verifica que Julio Cesar de Souza completó con éxito el curso.
Este documento presenta un examen de repaso de Química I. Contiene preguntas sobre objetivos de estudio de la Química, experimentos importantes en el desarrollo de la teoría atómica como los de Thomson y Rutherford, aplicaciones de la Química en Medicina, estados de agregación de la materia, propiedades intensivas y extensivas, cambios físicos y químicos, enlaces iónicos y covalentes, y configuraciones electrónicas de elementos. El examen evalúa los conceptos fundamentales de la Qu
Cecilia García completó un curso de 7 semanas sobre nutrición, genes y salud en la Universidad de Navarra que exploró cómo la investigación en nutrición avanza rápidamente y cómo las interacciones entre la dieta, los genes y la salud son importantes para combatir la obesidad y enfermedades relacionadas.
This document evaluates potential media institutions to distribute a new acoustic pop music magazine targeted at 18-21 year olds. It analyzes Bauer Media, Time Inc. and Anthem Publishing. The author concludes that Bauer Media would be the best choice as it has a gap in its market that the magazine could fill. Though large companies, Time Inc. and Anthem Publishing distribute too many diverse products and the magazine may not make an impact.
El documento describe la teoría celular propuesta por los científicos alemanes Mathias Schleiden y Theodor Schwann en 1830, la cual establece que la célula es la unidad fundamental de la vida y que todos los seres vivos están formados por células. Explica las contribuciones de Schleiden y Schwann y describe las características y componentes básicos de la célula como la membrana, núcleo, citoplasma y organelos.
Constructing and revising a web development textbookRandy Connolly
A Pecha Kucha for WWW2016 in Montreal. Web development is widely considered to be a difficult topic to teach successfully within post-secondary computing programs. One reason for this difficulty is the large number of shifting technologies that need to be taught along with the conceptual complexity that needs to be mastered by both student and professor. Another challenge is helping students see the scope of web development, and their role in an era where the web is a part of everyday human affairs. This presentation describes our 2014 textbook and our plans for a second edition revision (which will be published in early 2017).
Novas políticas operacionais - Condições (2017)BNDES
O documento resume as novas políticas operacionais do BNDES, incluindo: (1) ampliação do acesso ao crédito e garantias para MPMEs, com financiamento de até 80% do investimento em TJLP; (2) prazo máximo para aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos ampliado para 120 meses; (3) novas linhas de financiamento para setores como saneamento, energia renovável e transporte.
P&G is a large multinational consumer goods company founded in 1837 with a portfolio of over 300 brands. It has a presence in over 180 countries and touches over 2 billion consumers daily. A SWOT analysis identifies P&G's strengths as its long history and experience, large brand portfolio, and extensive R&D spending. Weaknesses include losing market share and lagging in online marketing. Opportunities exist in expanding in emerging markets and developing products for male consumers. Threats include intense competition, cheaper private labels, and economic challenges.
Art and Culture - Module 10 - Reformation and Counter-ReformationRandy Connolly
Tenth module for GNED 1201 (Aesthetic Experience and Ideas). This one mainly covers the Reformation and Counter-Reformation of the 16th and early 17th Century. It also covers aesthetic responses to the Reformation, especially Caravaggio and Bernini.
This course is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Art History and Culture course. Some of the content overlaps with my other Gen Ed course.
Art and Culture - Module 09 - Renaissance (Late)Randy Connolly
Ninth module for GNED 1201 (Aesthetic Experience and Ideas). This one mainly covers the late or high Renaissance. It begins with the political context of the early 16th Century in Italy. The presentation then focuses in depth on the three great Renaissance masters: Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. The presentation ends by trying to make an argument that Raphael is as an artist, the ideal artistic archetype for contemporary students.
This course is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Art History and Culture course. Some of the content overlaps with my other Gen Ed course.
The document provides an overview of the transformation of Western Europe between 1450-1750. It discusses key developments including the Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance, Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther, and the growing power of monarchs like Louis XIV of France. The Renaissance challenged medieval values and emphasized humanism. The Printing Press helped spread new ideas. The Reformation led to religious wars and the establishment of new Protestant faiths. Absolute monarchies consolidated power while Parliament gained strength in England.
The Renaissance marked a period of cultural and intellectual rebirth in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. Key developments included the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts, which led to a new focus on secular and humanist ideas. In Italy, where the Renaissance began, urban centers like Florence saw a flourishing of the arts and learning as merchants and aristocrats patronized figures like Petrarch, Alberti, and Machiavelli. The Renaissance ideals of humanism, classicism, and individualism then spread north to areas like France, Germany, and England.
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a period of cultural and intellectual revival following the Middle Ages. It spread across Europe over subsequent centuries as new ideas in politics, society, religion, and the arts emerged. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious challenge to the Catholic Church in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther. Luther's teachings and the spread of new Protestant faiths like Calvinism divided Europe along religious lines and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1450-1600 CE. It summarizes:
1) The Renaissance sparked a rebirth of interest in classical Greek and Roman culture and ideas of humanism and secularism. Writers and artists sought to recover ancient knowledge.
2) The growth of powerful city-states in Italy, dominated by merchants, with Florence and Venice becoming centers of banking, trade and art.
3) Key figures that shaped the period including Machiavelli who analyzed power politics in The Prince and Erasmus who used satire to critique the Catholic Church and push for education reform.
4) The Protestant Reformation began as Martin Luther publicly
The document summarizes key aspects of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It describes how humanism developed during the Renaissance and influenced science, art, architecture, painting, and sculpture. Major figures and their works are discussed for each category. The document also explains the causes of the Protestant Reformation under Luther and Calvin and the Catholic Counter-Reformation in response. The consequences of the resulting religious divisions in Europe are outlined.
The document provides an overview of the European Renaissance period from approximately 1350-1600 AD. It began as a rebirth of interest in classical Greek and Roman art, literature, and philosophy after centuries of poverty and decline during the Middle Ages. This new humanist worldview valued individualism and embraced rational thought. In Italy, the Renaissance was centered in cities like Florence, Rome, and Venice, where new wealth, contact with Byzantine scholars, and ruins of ancient Rome inspired artistic and intellectual developments. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced masterworks that reflected the period's emphasis on realism, anatomy, and classical ideals. Machiavelli also wrote The Prince during this time, which influenced modern
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It summarizes that the Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages as a period of cultural, intellectual and artistic revival influenced by classical Greek and Roman culture. It then spread to Northern Europe. The Reformation began as a religious challenge to the Catholic Church led by Martin Luther in Germany in the 1510s and 1520s and his 95 Theses criticized Church practices. This led to the establishment of Protestantism and divisions in Christianity across Europe in the following centuries.
The Renaissance and Reformation
(1350-1600)
Spirit of the Renaissance
Arts and Literature of the
Renaissance
Changing Patterns of Life
Beginnings of the Protestant
Reformation
Further Challenges to the
Catholic Church
This document provides a timeline of key events and figures in the development of democracy from ancient Greece to the French Revolution. It traces the origins and evolution of democratic principles like participation in government, rule of law, and separation of powers. Key developments include the establishment of democracy in ancient Athens, the Magna Carta limiting royal power in England, the English Civil War establishing parliament's supremacy, the Enlightenment spreading ideals of individual rights and consent of the governed, and the French Revolution overthrowing the monarchy and creating a republic. The timeline covers over 2000 years of history and numerous influential philosophers, scientists, rulers and documents that advanced democratic values and systems of government.
From the 15th century onward, Europe experienced major religious, political, and intellectual transformations. The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century led to religious wars between Catholics and Protestants. The 16th-17th century also saw a period of witch trials and persecutions. The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century challenged the authority of the church. Absolute monarchs like Louis XIV consolidated power. The 18th century Enlightenment promoted reason and secular thinking. These movements brought profound changes that reshaped European empires and society.
The Ottoman Empire expanded rapidly between the 1300s and 1500s, conquering the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 1453 and establishing control over the Eastern Mediterranean. Under sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire reached its peak territorial extent, controlling lands in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The Safavid Empire also rose during this period in Persia, blending Persian, Ottoman, and Arab cultural traditions as it established Shi'a Islam as the dominant religion.
The Ottoman Empire expanded rapidly between the 1300s and 1500s, conquering the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 1453 and establishing control over the Eastern Mediterranean. Under sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire reached its peak territorial extent, controlling lands in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The Safavid Empire also rose during this period in Persia, blending Persian, Ottoman, and Arab cultural traditions as it established Shi'a Islam as the dominant religion. Both empires declined slowly over subsequent centuries.
The Ottoman Empire expanded rapidly between the 1300s and 1500s, conquering the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 1453 and establishing control over the Eastern Mediterranean. Under sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire reached its peak territorial extent, controlling lands in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The Safavid Empire also rose during this period in Persia, blending Persian, Ottoman, and Arab cultural traditions as it established Shi'a Islam as the dominant religion. Both empires declined after their peak in the 1500-1600s due to weak rulers and stagnation.
Renaissance and reformation quick reviewWalter Price
1) The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century and saw a rebirth of classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome in areas like art, politics, science, and education.
2) Two of the most famous Italian Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, inventor, and scientist, and Michelangelo, known for realistic sculptures and paintings including the Sistine Chapel.
3) The Protestant Reformation began as a protest against corruption in the Catholic Church and led to new Christian denominations like Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Martin Luther and Henry VIII helped establish these new branches of Christianity.
The document provides an overview of important people and events during the Italian Renaissance from 1300-1527. It summarizes the rise of Florence as the center of the Renaissance under the Medici family and their patronage of the arts. It also discusses the power struggles between foreign powers like France and Spain vying for control of the Italian peninsula, the rise and fall of various popes, and the start of the Protestant Reformation challenging the Catholic Church.
The 17th century saw major political and military conflicts in Europe. The Thirty Years' War from 1618-1648 began as a religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire and eventually drew in most European powers. It significantly weakened the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. The subsequent Franco-Spanish War from 1648-1659 resulted in French victories over Spain and the Treaty of the Pyrenees, further reducing Spanish power. Absolute monarchy became the dominant political system in Europe during this time, exemplified by Louis XIV of France, while England established a parliamentary system that limited royal power.
The document provides an overview of the key aspects of the Italian Renaissance between the 14th and 16th centuries. It discusses the economic, social, political, artistic, architectural, educational and philosophical developments during this period. Some of the major figures and works mentioned include Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Machiavelli's The Prince, and the spread of humanism throughout Europe via the printing press.
The document summarizes the key developments and events of the Renaissance period in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries. It describes the transition from the medieval to the modern era, the rise of humanism and secular thought during this period in Italy and other parts of Europe. It also discusses the growth of powerful monarchies in countries like France and the exploration and colonization of the Americas by powers like Spain and Portugal that established new global empires and trade networks and had major social, economic and political impacts.
Similar to Introduction to Western Humanities - 7c - Late Renaissance + Reformation (20)
Celebrating the Release of Computing Careers and DisciplinesRandy Connolly
Talk given at CANNEXUS 2020 on the release of our Computing Careers and Disciplines booklet, which has gone on to be downloaded over 200000 times since its release.
Public Computing Intellectuals in the Age of AI CrisisRandy Connolly
This talk advocates for a conceptual archetype (the Public Computer Intellectual) as a way of practically imagining the expanded possibilities of academic practice in the computing disciplines, one that provides both self-critique and an outward-facing orientation towards the public good.
Lightning Talk given at the start of the celebration evening for the ten-year anniversary of our Bachelor of Computer Information Systems at Mount Royal University.
Facing Backwards While Stumbling Forwards: The Future of Teaching Web Develop...Randy Connolly
Talk given at SIGCSE'19. Web development continues to grow as an essential skill and knowledge area for employed computer science graduates. Yet within the ACM CS2013 curriculum recommendation and within computing education research in general, web development has been shrinking or even disappearing all together. This paper uses an informal systematic literature review methodology to answer three research questions: what approaches are being advocated in existing web development education research, what are current trends in industry practice, and how should web development be taught in light of these current trends. Results showed a significant mismatch between the type of web development typically taught in higher education settings in comparison to web development in industry practice. Consequences for the pedagogy of web development courses, computer science curriculum in general, and for computing education research are also discussed.
Mid-semester presentation for my Computers & Society course at Mount Royal University. Has some technical detail about how the internet works, web protocols, data centres, and typical security threats.
The document provides a summary of modern web development topics covered in 3 sentences or less:
Modern Web Development topics covered include the infrastructure of the internet, client-server communication models, the need for server-side programs, web architecture patterns, JavaScript's central role, front-end frameworks, cloud computing models, microservices architecture, and containers. Web development has become more complex with client-side logic, front-end frameworks, and the rise of cloud, microservices, and containers, which allow for more modular and scalable application development. Future trends discussed include progressive web apps, microservices architecture, and containers as a lightweight deployment mechanism for microservices.
Helping Prospective Students Understand the Computing DisciplinesRandy Connolly
Presentation at Cannexus 2018 in Ottawa in which we discussed the results of our three-year research project on student understandings of the computing disciplines and described the 32-page full-color booklet for advisers and prospective students.
This document discusses the process of constructing a textbook on web development. It covers planning the textbook's topics and structure, writing the content over 7 months while splitting chapters with a co-author, undergoing review processes, redrawing over 120 diagrams in a new style, and producing a second edition with additional content such as JavaScript and CSS3. Key challenges included navigating copyright issues, outsourcing production, and ensuring diversity in illustrations. The document provides insight into the lengthy efforts required to research, write, and produce a college textbook.
Talk given at University of Applied Sciences at Krems , Austria for Master Forum 2017. Provides a rich overview of contemporary web development suitable for managers and business people.
Disrupting the Discourse of the "Digital Disruption of _____"Randy Connolly
Talk given at University of Applied Sciences for Management and Communication in Vienna in January 2017. It critically interrogates the narrative of digital disruption. It will describe some of the contemporary psychological and social research about the digital lifeworld and make some broader observations about how to best think about technological change.
Every year at our new student orientation, I used to give this talk to our first year students. Instead of telling them what they should do to achieve success, we thought it would be more effective and humourous to tell them instead how best to fail your courses. This was the last version of this talk from 2017.
Red Fish Blue Fish: Reexamining Student Understanding of the Computing Discip...Randy Connolly
This 2016 presentation (for a paper) updates the findings of a multi-year study that is surveying major and non-major students’ understanding of the different computing disciplines. This study is a continuation of work first presented by Uzoka et al in 2013, which in turn was an expansion of work originally conducted by Courte and Bishop-Clark from 2009. In the current study, data was collected from 668 students from four universities from three different countries. Results show that students in general were able to correctly match computing tasks with specific disciplines, but were not as certain as the faculty about the degree of fit. Differences in accuracy between student groups were, however, discovered. Software engineering and computer science students had statistically significant lower accuracy scores than students from other computing disciplines. Consequences and recommendations for advising and career counselling are discussed.
Computing is Not a Rock Band: Student Understanding of the Computing DisciplinesRandy Connolly
This presentation reports the initial findings of a multi-year study that is surveying major and non-major students’ understanding of the different computing disciplines. This study is based on work originally conducted by Courte and Bishop-Clark from 2009, but which uses a broadened study instrument that provided additional forms of analysis. Data was collected from 199 students from a single institution who were computer science, information systems/information technology and non-major students taking a variety of introductory computing courses. Results show that undergraduate computing students are more likely to rate tasks as being better fits to computer disciplines than are their non-major (NM) peers. Uncertainty among respondents did play a large role in the results and is discussed alongside implications for teaching and further research.
Citizenship: How do leaders in universities think about and experience citize...Randy Connolly
This presentation explores the concept of citizenship based on the experience of student leaders from a mid-sized university in western Canada. Five student leaders participated in semi-structured individual interviews to explore their experience with, and understanding of, citizenship. Interviews concentrated on personal view points and definitions of citizenship, explored whether or not there are “good” and “great” citizens, and the role universities play in fostering strong citizenship amongst its student body. The measurement of citizenship and opportunities to foster citizenship were also explored. Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes, including political participation, social citizenship/solidarity, engagement, transformative action and autonomy. Citizenship, while highly valued by this population, also appears to be impossible to measure. If post-secondary institutions are aiming to create better citizens, more work needs to be done to create a common understanding of the intended outcome. Based on these findings, a new potential model of citizenship is proposed, in line with the work of Dalton and others who emphasize a shift towards personal involvement over traditional political engagement. Further, these results suggest that students could benefit from understanding themselves as political agents, capable of inculcating change within the university context and beyond.
Presentation for a guest lecture for a colleague's Media History and Contemporary Issues course. She wanted me to cover technological determinism and social constructivism, as well as through in some content about my research on multitasking and online reading.
A longitudinal examination of SIGITE conference submission dataRandy Connolly
Presents our examination of submission data for the SIGITE conference between the years 2007-2012. SIGITE is an ACM computing conference on IT education. The presentation describes which external factors and which internal characteristics of the submissions are related to eventual reviewer ratings. Ramifications of the findings for future authors and conference organizers are also discussed. If you want to read the full paper, visit http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2656450.2656465
This document is a chapter from a textbook on web development security. It covers several key security principles for web development, including the CIA triad of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It discusses risk assessment and management, including identifying actors, impacts, threats and vulnerabilities. Authentication methods like passwords, multifactor authentication and third party authentication are explained. The importance of authorization to define user privileges is also covered. Overall security practices like secure design, testing, policies and business continuity planning are recommended.
Is Human Flourishing in the ICT World of the Future Likely?Randy Connolly
The role that information and computing technology (ICT) plays in improving human flourishing is not always clear. This presentation examines current research on one aspect of ICT, namely electronic reading, to demonstrate that in this case the ICT in question may actually diminish flourishing. It begins with an overview of the idea of flourishing in positive psychology, and then presents research on electronic reading comprehension, multitasking and distraction, and online scanning behaviors. The paper then makes an argument about the close connection between reading and flourishing, and then concludes by hypothesizing that mindful‐based reading practices may mitigate some of the worst features of electronic reading.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
27. Italian politics during the 15th century were
convoluted, pitting city against city, city
against the Papal states, and after 1494,
the French, and after 1498, the Spanish as
well.
28.
29. The spread of gunpowder weapons
increased the cost and scale of war. No
longer was armored cavalry the most
important weapon. Instead, mass armies
of infantry became progressively more
important.
30. Military Revolution
Refers to new military tactics that began in the late
Renaissance, which maximized the utility of
firearms, which in turn led to a need for more trained
troops and thus for permanent forces.
These changes in turn had major political
consequences in the level of administrative support
and the supply of money, men and provisions,
producing new financial demands and the creation
of new governmental institutions (the nation state).
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. The Medici Family in Florence
Was a political dynasty, banking family and later royal
house. They produced four popes, two queens of France,
and were the unofficial rulers of the Republic of Florence.
37. Piero de' Medici
(The Unfortunate)
Pope Leo X
Pope Clement VII
Lorenzo de' Medici (The Magnificent)
38. Rodrigo Borgias (Pope Alexander VI from
1492-1503) appeared to epitomize the
corruption of the Renaissance Catholic
Church.
There wasn’t a sin that Alexander VI wasn’t
willing to sample, whether it be deception,
simony, avarice, fornication (he had seven
children from his numerous mistresses),
treason, violence, murder, even perhaps
incest, …
His (and his son Cesare Borgia) efforts at
creating real political power for his family
(and the papacy) was a source of inspiration
for Machiavelli.
Alexander VI was a great patron of the arts,
hiring Michelangelo, Raphael, and others.
42. Machiavelli was an extraordinarily
innovative and influential writer.
He is a beautiful stylist and you
are not educated unless you have
read Machiavelli …
43.
44. “Since my intention is to say something
that will prove to be of practical use to
the inquirer, I have thought it proper to
represent things as they are in real truth,
rather than as they are imagined.”
45. “The gulf between how one should live
and how one does live is so wide that a
man who neglects what is actually done
for what should be done learns the way to
self destruction.”
47. Cicero (106-43 BCE)
Roman Senator and writer
“Honesty is the best policy for
effective rule.”
“Virtu [in politics] consists of
always acting honorably and
morally.”
48. “For a man who
professes goodness at all times
will come to ruin
among so many who are not good.”
50. “I judge it to be true that fortune is the
arbiter of one half of our actions but that
she leaves the control of the other half to
us.
…
She shows her force where there is
organized strength to resist her; and she
directs her impact there where she
knows that dikes and embankments are
not constructed to hold her.”
51. “Fortune is a women, and it is necessary,
in order to keep her down, to beat her
and struggle with her.”
52. Pope Alexander VI Pope Julius II Pope Leo X
1492-1503 1503-1513 1513-1521
53. Italian Wars
Papal Alliance Opponent
1508-1510 Papal States Venice
France
Holy Roman Empire
Spain
1510-1511 Papal States France
Venice
Julius II , “The Warrior Pope “ 1511-1513 Papal States France
Venice
Holy Roman Empire
Spain
England
1513-1516 Papal States Venice
Holy Roman Empire France
Spain Scotland
England
54. The old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome was
built in the time of Constantine (around 330
CE)
55. The dome is the tallest in the world, and its
diameter is just a bit smaller than that in
Florence. Dome design by Michelangelo and
completed after his death in 1590.
It uses a similar design as Brunelleschi's (two
shells using herringbone bricks reinforced with
steel rods). Since the 1800s, the dome has
begun to crack and large chains have been
wrapped around it to prevent further spreading.
60. Pope Julius II also commissioned Michelangelo’s painting of the Sistine Chapel as well as the massive Tomb of Julius II which was planned to
include over 40 life-sized statues.
61. Julius’s successor was Pope Leo
X (born Giovanni di Lorenzo de'
Medic).
Like Julius, much of his reign was
focused on warfare. His papacy is
associated with the growth in the
sale of indulgences (to help fund
the on-going Italian Wars, as well
as to fund the rebuilding of St.
Peter’s) as well as the beginning of
the Protestant schism.
63. The Church believed that one could reduce
one’s time in Purgatory by performing good
deeds while alive in this world.
But what is a good deed?
How about working/helping the poor?
What about giving money to the Church and
telling it to use it to help the poor?
What about just giving money to the Church
(they know how to best use it, after all, they
are God’s representatives on earth)?
64. “You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church … Whatever you forbid on earth will
be forbidden in heaven and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.”
Matthew 16: 18-19.
Inscribed in the great dome of St. Peter’s in Rome
65. “You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church … Whatever you forbid on earth will
be forbidden in heaven and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.”
Matthew 16: 18-19.
St. Peter receiving the keys. Later Catholic tradition claimed Peter journeyed to Rome and
became the first bishop of Rome (i.e., the first Pope).
66. Dominican Friar Tetzel was the best known of
the indulgence sellers.
The Friar's most famous jingle was:
"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings,
a soul from Purgatory upward springs."
67. Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)
While the Church and its popes were deeply enmeshed in political
machinations, a movement for reform of the Church began to build
during this same time (1490s-1520s). These reformers wanted a less
worldly, more spiritual church, as well as a church focused on the
needs of their parishioners (i.e., vernacular translations of Bible and
more charity/less building of magnificent buildings/art).
68. Criticizing the Church was a dangerous profession. Indeed
the Church usually attacked any criticisms as heresy.
However the Church relied on secular power for the
prosecution of heresy.
But what would happen if secular power decided not to
prosecute the Church’s enemies, and indeed decided to
support those enemies/critics?
71. Luther was born in Germany, went into Law as a young man,
and then after an intense spiritual crisis, moved into an
Augustinian monastery.
He was obsessed with his soul’s salvation and through his
careful reading of Augustine and the Book of Romans in the
Bible, became convinced that salvation is only achievable
through God’s grace. That is, human works/actions play no
role in salvation.
Thus, for Luther, the practice of indulgences was highly
wrong.
First, it indicated a church focused obsessively on worldly
concerns (money and power).
Second, it indicated that salvation could be purchased (i.e.,
God responded to money or was “forced” to let people into
heaven due to their deeds).
Lucas Cranach (the Elder), Martin Luther, 1526, aged 46
72. In 1517, Luther (aged 34) posted 95 Theses on the
door of the Church at Wittenberg.
Key points:
5.Scripture should be made available to all (i.e., in
vernacular)
6.No need for hierarchical cadre of scriptural
professionals (there could be a priesthood of all
believers)
7.Any religious dogma without scriptural evidence
should be rejected (e.g., priests, popes, purgatory,
saints, virgin mary, writings of the early church fathers,
monasteries)
8.Salvation comes from god’s grace, not through
human works
9.Secular power is what guarantees peace on earth
(not the church)
73. Unlike earlier “heretics” who criticized the Church, Luther was
able to survive because of support from a variety of powerful
German princes. The Pope did excommunicate Luther in 1520,
and was eventually summoned to the German Holy Roman
Emperor to answer charges of heresy.
Luther’s famous declaration (“Here I stand. I can do no other.”)
lead to him being declared a heretic, but wasn’t prosecuted
because he was protected by the Elector of Saxony.
74. Safe from heresy trials, Luther :
3.Translated the Bible into German (first vernacular translation)
which was then distributed via printing press
4.Published his sermons in German which were then distributed
via printing press.
5.Transformed church practices in Saxony, which then spread to
other areas of Germany (and then to other areas in Europe). This
was eventually codified into the doctrines of the Lutheran faith,
the first Protestant Church.
6.Married the former nun Katharina von Bora.
75.
76. Luther quotes:
“Young men are plagued by prurience, which
extinguishes as soon as they enter into
matrimony.”
“A happy fart never comes from a miserable ass.”
“Whoever smells it, out of him it crept.”
“Whoever brawls with filth, whether he wins or
loses, leaves covered in shit.”
“The world is like a drunken peasant; if one helps
him into the saddle on one side, he will fall off on
the other side.”
“If God has no sense of humor, I don't want to go to
Heaven.”
77. After Luther there were a
variety of other reform
movements throughout
Europe.
The most prominent of
these were ones inspired
by John Calvin
(1509-1564).
Calvin eventually created
a type of total theocracy
in the Swiss city of
Geneva.
82. "I saw in his hand a long spear of gold, and at the iron's point there
seemed to be a little fire. He appeared to me to be thrusting it at
times into my heart, and to pierce my very entrails; when he drew it
out, he seemed to draw them out also, and to leave me all on fire
with a great love of God. The pain was so great, that it made me
moan; and yet so surpassing was the sweetness of this excessive
pain, that I could not wish to be rid of it. The soul is satisfied now with
nothing less than God. The pain is not bodily, but spiritual; though
the body has its share in it. It is a caressing of love so sweet which
now takes place between the soul and God, that I pray God of His
goodness to make him experience it”
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini
83.
84. Most of today’s evangelic-style Christian faiths are either
inspired by or directly descended from Calvin’s religious
writings.
85. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church responded to the
Protestant Challenge in a variety of ways.
This is generally referred to as the Catholic Counter-
Reformation.
88. The Counter Reformation refers to the attempt by the
Catholic Church to:
3.Reform itself (e.g., Council of Trent [1545] articulated
the main beliefs of Catholicism [still in force], Jesuits)
4.Eliminate Protestant heresy by encouraging monarchs
of Catholic lands to defeat or invade lands ruled by
Protestant monarchs.
5.More effort in eliminating heresy within Catholic lands
(e.g., office of inquisition)
92. Wars of Religion
[1560s-1648]
Albrecht Dürer,
The Knight, Death and the
Devil, 1513.
93. 1. Revolt of the Netherlands
[also known as the 80 Years
War, 1568-1648]
Protestant nationalists (mainly
urban merchants) in the
Netherlands rebelled against
Catholic Spain.
Eventually result: Netherlands
Independence
94. 1. French Wars of Religion
[1560s-1598].
Huguenots (Protestants,
mainly urban merchants)
mainly expelled or killed
[e.g., St. Bartholomew's Day
Massacre, 1572]
95. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, 1572. Perhaps
as many as 10000 Protestants killed in Paris and
other cities in France.
96. 1. England under Henry VIII
made himself head of the
Church of England
(eventually Anglican
church).
97. 1. Conflict with France and Spain
under Elizabeth I [1558-1603],
e.g. defeat of Spanish Armada.
99. Defenestration of Prague [1618]
Thirty Years War [1618-1648] began with the Defenestration (throw
someone out a window) of Prague. In this case, it was Papal envoys
who were defenestrated.
100.
101. Up until the Second World War, The Thirty Years War,
fought mainly in German lands, was the most destructive
war in European history.
Michelangelo, Last Judgment (after cleaning), Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome. 1534-1541
Raphael, Madonna of the Meadow, 1505.
Raphael, Madonna of the Meadow, 1505.
Raphael, Galatea in situ, Grand Salon, Villa Farnesina,
Rodrigo Borgias (Pope Alexander VI from 1492-1503) appeared to epitomize the corruption of the Renaissance Catholic Church. There wasn’t a sin that Alexander VI wasn’t willing to sample, whether it be deception, simony, avarice, fornication (he had seven children from his numerous mistresses), treason, violence, murder, even perhaps incest, … His (and his son Cesare Borgia) efforts at creating real political power for his family (and the papacy) was a source of inspiration for Machiavelli. Alexander VI was a great patron of the arts, hiring Michelangelo, Raphael, and others.
Machiavelli
Or as he appears in Assassin’s Creed
Hard to tell from this painting but Julius II was also called the Warrior Pope in that much of his time as Pope was spent engaged in a series of wars and battles against (or allied with) France, Venice, Holy Roman Empire, Florence, Spain, etc.
The old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome was built in the time of Constantine (around 330 CE)
The dome is the tallest in the world, and its diameter is just a bit smaller than that in Florence. Dome design by Michelangelo and completed after his death in 1590. It uses a similar design as Brunelleschi's (two shells using herringbone bricks reinforced with steel rods). Since the 1800s, the dome has begun to crack and large chains have been wrapped around it to prevent further spreading.
By 1500, church had decided it needed to rebuild its franchise church in Rome. The plan was to create the grandest church in Europe.
Its monstrous scale can best be seen by looking at its immense piers.
Pope Julius II also commissioned Michelangelo’s painting of the Sistine Chapel as well as the massive Tomb of Julius II which was planned to include over 40 life-sized statues.
Julius’s successor was Pope Leo X ( born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medic). Like Julius, much of his reign was focused on warfare. His papacy is associated with the growth in the sale of indulgences (to help fund the on-going Italian Wars, as well as to fund the rebuilding of St. Peter’s) as well as the beginning of the Protestant schism.
Woodcuts illustrating the sale of indulgences.
One of the paitnings from "Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry". This shows purified souls in Purgatory showing souls trapped in water, fire, on rocky and grassy land where the are rescued by Angels. Beasts (probably Demons) surround a soul.
Inscribed in the great dome of St. Peter’s in Rome is “You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church.”
Christ Handing the Keys to St Peter by PERUGINO, c. 1481
While the Church and its popes were deeply enmeshed in political machinations, a movement for reform of the Church began to build during this same time (1490s-1520s). These reformers wanted a less worldly, more spiritual church, as well as a church focused on the needs of their parishioners (i.e., vernacular translations of Bible and more charity, less building). One of the most prominent of these church reformers was Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536). An immensely learned scholar, Erasmus created a new Latin translation (from the Greek) of the New Testament as well as In Praise of Folly [1511] which is a satirical attack on Church corruption, popular superstitions, and traditions. An advocate of reform from within the Church, he engaged in a series of written debates with Martin Luther. Quentin Massys, Portrait of Erasmus , 1517 Hans Holbein (the Younger), Erasmus , 1523
Paintings of Martin Luther (1483-1546) Luther as Augustinian Monk , by Lucas Cranach the Elder, c. Luther by Lucas Cranach the Elder, c. 1529
Lucas Cranach (the Elder), Martin Luther , 1526, aged 46
Katharina von Bora by Lucas Cranach c. 1526
John Calvin, created a theocracy in Geneva in the 1540s
Calvinists destroying images in church
Bernini, Baldacchino (canopy) ca. 1624-1633. Bernini, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1642
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini
Inquisition.
Albrecht Dürer, The Knight, Death and the Devil, 1513.
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, 1572. Perhaps as many as 10000 Protestants killed in Paris and other cities in France. Édouard Debat-Ponsan, Un matin devant la porte du Louvre, huile sur toile (1880)
Thirty Years War [1618-1648] began with the Defenestration (throw someone out a window) of Prague. In this case, it was Papal envoys who were defenestrated.