Potato is originated in the high Andes of south America and was first cultivated approximately Lake Titicaca near the present border of Peru and Bolivia.
In the term of quantity produced and consumed worldwide, potato is the most important vegetable crop.
It is one of the most important food crops in the world, in volume of world crop production it ranks fourth following by wheat, rice and maize.Potato is one of the most important cultivated members of the family Solanaceae. A dicotyledonous, herbaceous perennial plant is treating as annual.
It has pinnate compound pattern alternate leaves on its above ground stem and specialized underground storage stems or tubers.
Potato has an indeterminate growth pattern and produces a fibrous system of adventitious root system, which develops just above the nodes on underground portion the stem.- Potato is one of the worlds major staple food crops producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers, which is an excellent source of carbohydrates protein and vitamins.
- It is also an important crop towards food security, although it is a minor crop in the world trade.
- Is a good source of vitamins B1, B3 and B6 minerals such as K, P and Mg.- Potato is one of the worlds major staple food crops producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers, which is an excellent source of carbohydrates protein and vitamins.
- It is also an important crop towards food security, although it is a minor crop in the world trade.
- Is a good source of vitamins B1, B3 and B6 minerals such as K, P and Mg. Biotic and Abiotic factors that can affect the growth, yield and tuber quality of potato.
Biotic factor :- refers to living organism that can have a direct and indirect impact on potato production.
Abiotic factor :- refers to non living environmental factors that can affect potato production.Potatoes grow best in well drained, sandy soil. A poorly drained soil is more likely to produce diseased tubers.
Potatoes which have been grown under basin irrigation practices were more vigorous than plants from furrow irrigation. This may be due to the fact that plants over the furrow ridges relatively bears more roots than shoots in search of soil moisture as more proportion of the applied water is deep percolated (FAO, 1985) .
Potassium influences the transport of nutrients and the movement of carbohydrates from the leaf of the tuber.
Different levels of nutrient supply may lead to different seed tuber yields. This is because seed tuber yield is determined not only by total tuber yield but also by tuber size category and tuber numbers. Improved potato varieties that have been recently released in Ethiopia may differ in nutrient efficiency, and could have different optima of balanced macro-nutrient requirements for maximum yield of good quality seed tubers.(Burga et al., 2013).Late blight. This disease is caused by the oomycete patho
2. Potato is originated in the high Andes of south America and was
first cultivated approximately Lake Titicaca near the present
border of Peru and Bolivia.
In the term of quantity produced and consumed worldwide,
potato is the most important vegetable crop.
It is one of the most important food crops in the world, in
volume of world crop production it ranks fourth following by
wheat, rice and maize.
3. Potato is one of the most important cultivated members of the
family Solanaceae. A dicotyledonous, herbaceous perennial
plant is treating as annual.
It has pinnate compound pattern alternate leaves on its above
ground stem and specialized underground storage stems or
tubers.
Potato has an indeterminate growth pattern and produces a
fibrous system of adventitious root system, which develops just
above the nodes on underground portion the stem.
4. - Potato is one of the worlds major staple food crops producing
high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers,
which is an excellent source of carbohydrates protein and
vitamins.
- It is also an important crop towards food security, although it
is a minor crop in the world trade.
- Is a good source of vitamins B1, B3 and B6 minerals such as
K, P and Mg.
5. Potatoes also contain dietary antioxidants, which
may play a part in preventing diseases related to
aging and dietary fiber.
Ethiopia is endowed with suitable agro ecologies
favoring the cultivation of a wide range of crops
including potato(FAO 2010).
It is widely grown in the high land and mid altitude
areas of west Ethiopia.
6. Potato production is affected by different factor including
climate condition, soil property and management practice.
1.2 0bjective
. To review Agronomic and Environmental factor Influencing
potato production.
7. Biotic and Abiotic factors that can affect the growth, yield and
tuber quality of potato.
Biotic factor :- refers to living organism that can have a
direct and indirect impact on potato production.
Abiotic factor :- refers to non living environmental factors
that can affect potato production.
8. Agronomic factor such as crop rotation ,soil fertility management,
weed control, pest and disease management.
Crop rotation :- is the practice planting different crops sequentially on
the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrient in the
soil, and combat pest and weed pressure.
9. Potatoes grow best in well drained, sandy soil. A poorly drained
soil is more likely to produce diseased tubers.
Potatoes which have been grown under basin irrigation practices
were more vigorous than plants from furrow irrigation. This may
be due to the fact that plants over the furrow ridges relatively
bears more roots than shoots in search of soil moisture as more
proportion of the applied water is deep percolated (FAO, 1985) .
10. Potassium influences the transport of nutrients and the movement of
carbohydrates from the leaf of the tuber.
Different levels of nutrient supply may lead to different seed tuber yields.
This is because seed tuber yield is determined not only by total tuber yield
but also by tuber size category and tuber numbers. Improved potato
varieties that have been recently released in Ethiopia may differ in nutrient
efficiency, and could have different optima of balanced macro-nutrient
requirements for maximum yield of good quality seed tubers.(Burga et al.,
2013).
11. Major global diseases that threaten the potato crop are following
• Late blight. This disease is caused by the oomycete pathogen. It
infects the foliage and stems of the potato crop. It is the most
widespread and economically significant threat to potato
production. In many parts of the world fungicide application is the
only means to prevent disease.
• Nematodes. They attack plants, including potato, using a variety of
feeding strategies. The nematodes themselves can cause stunted or
deformed roots (Riga and Neilson, 2005) but their major effect on
potato is due to their ability to transmit a variety of damaging plant
viruses such as Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV).
12. Abiotic factor refers to non living environmental factors that can affect potato
production soil moisture, water stress, nutrient deficiencies or imbalance can lead
to stunted growth, reduce tuber size and lower yield. The impact of climate change
on potato production and found that increasing temperature, change in precipitation
pattern and extreme weather events have a significant impact on potato growth and
yield (Adhikari et al 2017).
The choice of potato cultivar also play a crucial role in determining growth, yield
and growth quality of potato.
13. Agro climatic conditions mainly refer to soil types, rain fall
temperature and water availability.
A. Temperature rise and heat stress
Higher temperatures promote foliar development, delay
tuberization and in effluence potato quality characteristics
such as higher numbers of smaller tubers per plant, and
lower specific gravity which is indicative of lower dry
matter contents (Haverkort, 1988).
14. Ahmed (1980) reported that a shift in temperature range of 210C - 260C
at sprouting to emergence/vegetative stage may often induce
knobbiness and secondary growth in tubers and consequently affects
the yield negatively (Ambrose A et al, 2003).
B. water stress
Potato shows a high sensitivity to drought stress (dependent
on cultivar rooting depth) along with preferences for
tuberizing under short-day conditions and best performances
in cool temperate climates (Haverkort, 1990). Drought events
occurring early in the growing season reduce the number of
tubers per plant (Haverkort et al.,1990 ).
15. Agronomic practice and environmental factors have a significant
impact on the growth yield and tuber quality of potato.
Agronomic practice such as crop rotation, soil fertility management
and pest and disease control play a crucial role in the growth and
development of plant. Crop rotation helps to break pest and disease
cycle, maintain soil health and prevent nutrient depletion. Adequate
soil fertility management ensure that the plant have access to
essential nutrient for optimal pest and disease control measure helps
to minimize yield loss and maintain tuber quality.
16. Environmental factors such as temperature, water
availability and intensity also have significant impact on
growth and tuber quality. Potatoes grow best in cool,
moist climates with moderate temperature. Extreme
temperature either too high or to low can negatively
affect plant growth or reduce yield.
Adequate water availability is essential for proper tuber
formation and development. Insufficient and excess
water can result in misshapen or cracked tubers.
17. There are different practices that influence potato production. Such
as choose suitable variety: select potato variety that are well suited
to the local climate and resist to common pest and Disease,
implement crop Rotation: rotate potato crops with other crops to
prevent the building pest and Disease, ensure proper irrigation:
potato require consistent moisture especially during tuber formation.
By considering these factors and implementing potato farmers can
improve their production.
