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Potato post maturity management
- 1. POTATO POST- MATURITY MANAGEMENT Dieudonné Harahagazwe Kadahenda, Rwanda 29 April 2016 Integrated Potato Crop Management Course
- 4. What is dehaulming? To cut or remove haulms (aerial parts of the plant) when the crop turns yellow in order to stop the crop growth and development.
- 6. Why? Tuber growth is stopped in order to produce good seed size; Tubers are protected from late aerial pests and diseases attack; Tubers are protected from being easily wounded – entry points for diseases - at harvest. The skin becomes thicker
- 7. Methods 2 types: Chemical and Mechanical Chemical (herbicides): not accessible and health hazard Mechanical: Using a sickle, nife or a machine (mechanization) By hand (recommended at small-scale farmer level)
- 8. Use of sickle Rotanda, Mozambique
- 9. Kadahenda, Rwanda Haulms cut and given to livestock by farmers
- 10. Problem of using sickles! Easy top- down movement of pathogens Kadahenda, Rwanda Kadahenda, Rwanda
- 11. Best and best practice for dehaulming Lushoto, Tanzania
- 13. Not allowed! To leave haulms in the field.
- 15. What is harvest? • Harvest is the process of gathering mature crops from the fields. • The harvest marks the end of the growing season, or the growing cycle for a particular crop
- 17. Manual harvest
- 18. Mechanized Harvest Western Cape, South Africa
- 19. When to harvest? •At complete crop maturity (around 95% plant death) except in seed production •Make a small and quick skin test •Cultivars have different growth cycles: •Early : up to 90 days after planting (DAP) •Medium: 90 – 120 DAP •Late: over 120 DAP
- 20. Common practices: • All shoots to be removed from the field • Harvest when it is a bit dry and avoid to harvest when the soil is too wet or when it is raining • Never leave potatoes including rotten ones in the fields as they maintain diseases in the field • Sort tubers from the field on the basis of their size. For example good seed is about 30 – 60 mm diameter
- 21. What happens when potatoes are harvested before maturity? 1) Yield loss 2) Increased sensibility to pests and diseases 3) Tuber rottage due to excess of water in the tuber 4) Long dormancy 5) Skin gets off easily
- 22. Remember to separate different cultivars Lichinga, Mozambique Lichinga, Mozambique
- 23. Seed tubers should be separated from ware potatoes Lichinga, Mozambique Lichinga, Mozambique
- 25. Seed storage principles • Good seed storage is one of the key factors to produce good quality seed • Good seed: many (at least 3) and vigorous sprouts • Good storage = Diffused Light Store (DLS) • DLS: ohalf light – half dark oAiry (ventilation) oShelves (3-4 tubers deep) and never on the floor
- 26. Losses at storage • On average 30-40% weight loss in 4 months mainly due to : Respiration Evaporation Pest and diseases • Enabling Factors: • Tuber maturity: sprouted tubers loose much more weight than unsprouted ones • Storage environment (temperature and relative humidity)
- 28. Rotanda, Mozambique This store is totally dark, not appropriate!
- 29. Cold and modern storage Chimoio, Mozambique
- 30. Seed potato in cold store for long-term storage Chimoio, Mozambique
- 31. Small-scale DLS promoted by CIP DLS for farmers’ association Quality Seed Produced 31 Angonia, Mozambique Angonia, Mozambique
- 35. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge Humidtropics and the CGIAR Fund Donors for their provision of core and project-specific funding without which this research could not deliver results that eventually positively impact the lives of millions of smallholder farmers in tropical Americas, Asia and Africa. This presentation was made at a training workshop on Integrated Potato Crop Management organized by the International Potato Center (CIP) for Innovation Platform (IP) members of Kadahenda, Rwanda.