This document discusses inclusive education in India. It notes that while India has over 120 crore people, only 50,000 professionals are trained to work with the over 2.1 crore persons with disabilities. The Right to Education Act requires one special educator per school, meaning around 6 lakh additional teachers are needed. The document defines inclusive education and outlines its principles, features, strategies and the human resources and professionals required to support inclusive education systems. It also discusses innovations and programs in inclusive education developed by IGNOU to accommodate human resource needs through various certificate, undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

1. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION THROUGH
ODL - SYSTEM
Dr. Hemlata
Dy. Director, NCDS, IGNOU,
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110 068
Dr. Hemla

2. SCENARIO REGARDING
DISABILITY in india
 120 Crore population.
 2.1 per cent persons with disabilities.
 50,000 trained professionals.
 1.5 lacs professionals required as per IAMR report.
 RTE Act
 1 special educator in each school (around 6 lac teachers
required apart from other professionals to provide services to
persons with disabilities).
Dr. Hemla

3. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Definition of inclusive education by Donna Lene, Principal of
Senese Inclusive Education for Samoa.
“Inclusive education is a process where by the school
systems, strategic plans, and policies adapt and change to
include teaching strategies for a wider more diverse range of
children and their families. Inclusive education implicitly means
to identify a child’s learning style and adapt the classroom and
teaching strategies to ensure high quality learning outcomes for
all members of the class. Every one is important, unique and
valued for their contribution to the school.”
Dr. Hemla

4. Principles of inclusive education
 Schools are for every one
 All children in school learning together
 Appropriate support services
 No discrimination
 Valuing diversity
 Creating welcoming communities
 Achieving
Dr. Hemla

5. Features of inclusive schools
 Equality
 Sense of belongingness
 Respect for each other
 Need based support
 diversity
Dr. Hemla

6. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:
STRATEGIES INCLUDE
 Adaptations in strategic plans
 Policy adaptations
 Classroom management
 Teaching strategies
 Curricular adaptations
Dr. Hemla

7. Professionals
Technicians
Special Educators /
HRD in Inclusive Educators
terms of
Service Providers
Parents &
Community
Person with Disability
Dr. Hemla

8. Innovations in Inclusive education
 Initiating training programmes at various level to
accommodate the need of human resources
 Programmes ranging from certificate to doctoral degree
covering variety of target group
 Providing opportunity for cross disability approach
 Training in general education components
 Modifying training strategies
 Use of technology in education of children in inclusive set up
Dr. Hemla

9. Programmes with essential component of
inclusive education
 Foundation Course on the Education for the Children with Disabilities
(FCED)
 B. Ed. in Special Education in Mental Retardation, Hearing Impairment
and Visual Impairment (BEDSE-MR/HI/VI)
 M. Ed. in Special Education in Mental Retardation, Hearing
Impairment, Visual Impairment and Learning Disability (MEDSE-
MR/HI/VI/LD)
 Post Graduate Professional Diploma in Special Education Mental
Retardation, Hearing Impairment and Visual Impairment (PGPDSE-
MR/HI/VI)
 Post Graduate Professional Certificate in Special Education Mental
Retardation, Hearing Impairment and Visual Impairment (PGPCSE-
MR/HI/VI)
 Certificate course in early childhood special education enabling Inclusion
(CESE)
Dr. Hemla

10. COMPONENTS OF TRAINING
Incorporated FOR INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
 Theory
 Core Pedagogy Courses
 Disability Specific Courses
 Subject Teaching
 Psychology Practical
 Core Training in Teaching Skills
 Teaching Practice
Subject-Based Lessons
Disability Specific Lessons
Inclusive Education Lessons
Dr. Hemla

11. CONT…
 Project Work
 Training on Equipments related to disability
 Co-curricular / Extra-curricular
 Art Education / Work Education
 Basic Computers & Computer Aided Instructions
 Micro Teaching Skills
 Dissertation
 Case Studies
Dr. Hemla

12. MODIFYING OF TRAINING
CURRICULUM
Individual need based training components Training
on Equipments related to disability
Group training components.
General subject teaching components.
Training components for Inclusive classrooms.
Modifications for co-curricular and extra-curricular
activities.
Project based training for society awareness.
Dr. Hemla

13. MODIFICATION IN TEACHING
STRATEGIES
• Modifications in classroom settings.
– Sitting plan
– Easy accessibility
– Peer grouping
– Orientation of classroom settings
• Content modifications.
– Simplifying the content
– Breaking content into small steps
– Substitutions and deletion of content
Dr. Hemla

14. CONT…
• Modifications in instructional methods
– Clarity in instructional language
– Use of body language and gestures
– Use of concrete experiences
– Use of suitable and variety of teaching learning
materials
– Step by step instructions
Dr. Hemla

15. OVERCOMING OBSTACLES
Dr. Hemla

16. PARTIAL SOLUTIONS
Dr. Hemla

17. INCLUSIVE SOLUTION
INCLUSIV
E
SOLUTIO
N
Dr. Hemla

18. Dr. Hemla