The document outlines the syllabus for the MET402 Mechatronics course. It includes 5 modules that cover topics such as introduction to mechatronics, sensors and actuators, mechatronics in computer numerical control machines, programmable logic controllers, and mechatronics in robotics. Recommended textbooks and the course instructor's contact information are also provided.
Presentation about the article written by Hans Peter Schöner at the Magazine Elsevier: Control Engineering Practice, done for the class "Design of Mechatronic Systems" at the Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. It includes the definition of Mechatronics, the diference between an automated system and a mechatronics one, the actual mechatronic systems in the vehicles and the limitations for the future development of the automotive industry which can be solved using Mechatronic with a proposed Development process.
Presentation about the article written by Hans Peter Schöner at the Magazine Elsevier: Control Engineering Practice, done for the class "Design of Mechatronic Systems" at the Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. It includes the definition of Mechatronics, the diference between an automated system and a mechatronics one, the actual mechatronic systems in the vehicles and the limitations for the future development of the automotive industry which can be solved using Mechatronic with a proposed Development process.
MCQ OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES PART I_OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS_ELECTRICAL ...Prasant Kumar
#MCQ_OF_ELECTRICAL_MACHINES,
#OBJECTIVE_QUESTIONS_AND_ANSWERS_ELECTRICAL_MACHINES
#RRB
#GATE
#SSC_JE
#PSU
#MPEB
25 Electrical Machines questions and answers focuses on all areas of Electrical Machines subject covering 20+ topics in Electrical Machines. These topics are chosen from a collection of most authoritative and best reference books on Electrical Machines. One should spend 1 hour daily for 2-3 months to learn and assimilate Electrical Machines comprehensively. This way of systematic learning will prepare anyone easily towards Electrical Machines interviews, online tests, examinations and certifications
ECU ... Engine Control Unit .. Inputs & Outputs _ ExplainedKamel Elsayed
ECU ... Engine Control Unit .. Inputs & Outputs _ ExplainedEngine sensors and its functions and pictures.
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. This dilutes the O2 in the incoming air stream and provides gases inert to combustion to act as absorbents of combustion heat to reduce peak in-cylinder temperatures. NOx is produced in a narrow band of high cylinder temperatures and pressures.
MR3491 SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION (UNIT III - FORCE, MAGNETIC AND HEADING SE...A R SIVANESH M.E., (Ph.D)
MR3491 SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT III - FORCE, MAGNETIC AND HEADING SENSORS
Strain Gage, Load Cell, Magnetic Sensors –types, principle, requirement and advantages: Magneto resistive – Hall Effect – Current sensor Heading Sensors – Compass, Gyroscope, Inclinometers
Introduction to Mechatronics – Systems – Concepts of Mechatronics approach – Need for
Mechatronics – Emerging areas of Mechatronics – Classification of Mechatronics. Sensors and
Transducers: Static and dynamic Characteristics of Sensor, Potentiometers – LVDT – Capacitance
sensors – Strain gauges – Eddy current sensor – Hall effect sensor – Temperature sensors – Light
sensors
Requirements of a sensor, Principles and Applications of the following types of sensors- Position sensors - Piezo Electric Sensor, LVDT, Resolvers, Optical Encoders, pneumatic Position Sensors, Range Sensors Triangulations Principles, Structured, Lighting Approach, Time of Flight, Range Finders, Laser Range Meters, Touch Sensors ,binary Sensors., Analog Sensors, Wrist Sensors, Compliance Sensors, Slip Sensors, Camera, Frame Grabber, Sensing and Digitizing Image Data- Signal Conversion, Image Storage, Lighting Techniques, Image Processing and Analysis-Data Reduction, Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Object Recognition, Other Algorithms, Applications- Inspection, Identification, Visual Serving and Navigation.
What is mechatronics
Key elements of Mechatronics
How the mechatronics system work
Understand mechatronics system
Understand measuring system
Understand control system
Benefit and drawback of mechatronics
Application of mechatronics
MCQ OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES PART I_OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS_ELECTRICAL ...Prasant Kumar
#MCQ_OF_ELECTRICAL_MACHINES,
#OBJECTIVE_QUESTIONS_AND_ANSWERS_ELECTRICAL_MACHINES
#RRB
#GATE
#SSC_JE
#PSU
#MPEB
25 Electrical Machines questions and answers focuses on all areas of Electrical Machines subject covering 20+ topics in Electrical Machines. These topics are chosen from a collection of most authoritative and best reference books on Electrical Machines. One should spend 1 hour daily for 2-3 months to learn and assimilate Electrical Machines comprehensively. This way of systematic learning will prepare anyone easily towards Electrical Machines interviews, online tests, examinations and certifications
ECU ... Engine Control Unit .. Inputs & Outputs _ ExplainedKamel Elsayed
ECU ... Engine Control Unit .. Inputs & Outputs _ ExplainedEngine sensors and its functions and pictures.
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. This dilutes the O2 in the incoming air stream and provides gases inert to combustion to act as absorbents of combustion heat to reduce peak in-cylinder temperatures. NOx is produced in a narrow band of high cylinder temperatures and pressures.
MR3491 SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION (UNIT III - FORCE, MAGNETIC AND HEADING SE...A R SIVANESH M.E., (Ph.D)
MR3491 SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT III - FORCE, MAGNETIC AND HEADING SENSORS
Strain Gage, Load Cell, Magnetic Sensors –types, principle, requirement and advantages: Magneto resistive – Hall Effect – Current sensor Heading Sensors – Compass, Gyroscope, Inclinometers
Introduction to Mechatronics – Systems – Concepts of Mechatronics approach – Need for
Mechatronics – Emerging areas of Mechatronics – Classification of Mechatronics. Sensors and
Transducers: Static and dynamic Characteristics of Sensor, Potentiometers – LVDT – Capacitance
sensors – Strain gauges – Eddy current sensor – Hall effect sensor – Temperature sensors – Light
sensors
Requirements of a sensor, Principles and Applications of the following types of sensors- Position sensors - Piezo Electric Sensor, LVDT, Resolvers, Optical Encoders, pneumatic Position Sensors, Range Sensors Triangulations Principles, Structured, Lighting Approach, Time of Flight, Range Finders, Laser Range Meters, Touch Sensors ,binary Sensors., Analog Sensors, Wrist Sensors, Compliance Sensors, Slip Sensors, Camera, Frame Grabber, Sensing and Digitizing Image Data- Signal Conversion, Image Storage, Lighting Techniques, Image Processing and Analysis-Data Reduction, Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Object Recognition, Other Algorithms, Applications- Inspection, Identification, Visual Serving and Navigation.
What is mechatronics
Key elements of Mechatronics
How the mechatronics system work
Understand mechatronics system
Understand measuring system
Understand control system
Benefit and drawback of mechatronics
Application of mechatronics
To impart knowledge about the elements, techniques and sensors involved in mechatronics systems which are very much essential to understand the emerging field of automation.
Ekeeda - Mechatronics Engineering - Introduction to MechatronicsEkeedaPvtLtd
Mechatronics Engineering is a program in engineering which combines the fundamentals of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer engineering. It concentrates mainly on modeling, sensors, controllers, and real-time computer interfacing.
This program is developed due to demand from industries for an engineer with multi-disciplinary skills. Mechatronics engineers have to design, construct, and run production lines and automated processes with their skills, much like a production engineer but in a different field. This a field for students who have an interest in using computers and designing things. They should also be curious about how things work and what can be done to enhance them. They should be satisfactory in observing design and doing something with it. Ekeeda offers Online Mechatronics Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus.
ADVANCED ALGORITHMS FOR ETCHING SIMULATION OF 3D MEMS-TUNABLE LASERSijctcm
This The integrated circuits (ICs) industry uses a number of technology computer aided design (TCAD)
software tools to simulate the manufacturing and the operation of many ICs at different levels. At very low
level, the simulation tools are used to simulate the device fabrication and design. These simulation tools
are based on solving mathematical equations that describe the physics of dopant diffusion, silicon
oxidation, etching, deposition, lithography, implantation, and metallization. The simulation of physical
etching solves etching equations to calculate the etching rate. And this rate is used to move the geometry
of the device. The simulation of non-physical (geometrical) etching is based on geometrical Boolean
operations. In this paper, we are proposing new and advanced geometrical etching algorithms for the
process simulation of three dimensional (3D) micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) and MEMStunable
vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs). These algorithms are based on
advanced domain decomposition methods, Delaunay meshing algorithms, and surface re-meshing and
smoothing techniques. These algorithms are simple, robust, and significantly reduce the overall run time
of the process simulation of 3D MEMS and MEMS-tunable laser devices. The description of the proposed
etching algorithms will be presented. Numerical simulation results showing the performances of these
algorithms will be given and analyzed for realistic 3D MEMS and MEMS-tunable laser devices.
Design and Testing Ways for Mechatronic Systems IJCI JOURNAL
The elements of a mechatronic system, which are mechanical, electrical and electronic, are interconnected and the connection between the different parts must act as a unit. The
exchange of information between two components of the system is possible if there is a communication in common parameters. The interface refers to all the ways to handle the processes in a system. The number and design of interfaces within an architecture and system boundary significantly influence the simplicity, adaptability, and testability of a system. Interfaces, which are hardware and software, define the functionality of the system by inserting functions from one component to another. The article describes the method of selecting the components
and the way of testing the system during production. Finally, the system must meet the requirements of the customer. The mechatronic system discussed is an industrial product, created in a digital factory.
DESIGN AND TESTING WAYS FOR MECHATRONIC SYSTEMSIJCI JOURNAL
The elements of a mechatronic system, which are mechanical, electrical and electronic, are interconnected
and the connection between the different parts must act as a unit. The exchange of information between two
components of the system is possible if there is a communication in common parameters. The interface
refers to all the ways to handle the processes in a system. The number and design of interfaces within an
architecture and system boundary significantly influence the simplicity, adaptability, and testability of a
system. Interfaces, which are hardware and software, define the functionality of the system by inserting
functions from one component to another. The article describes the method of selecting the components
and the way of testing the system during production. Finally, the system must meet the requirements of the
customer.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Introduction to Mechatronics
1. MET402
MECHATRONICS
AS PER KTU-2019 SYLLABUS
SUKESH O P
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
Jyothi Engineering College,
sukeshop@jecc.ac.in/9633103837
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 1
MODULE-1
1.1 Introduction
4. SYLLABUS
Introduction to Mechatronics, sensors, Actuators,
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS),
Mechatronics in Computer Numerical Control
(CNC) machines, Mechatronics in Robotics-
(CNC) machines, Mechatronics in Robotics-
Electrical drives, Force and tactile sensors, Image
processing techniques, Case studies of
Mechatronics systems.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 4
5. TEXT BOOK
1. Bolton W., Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering, Person Education Limited, New Delhi, 2007
2. Ramachandran K. P., G. K. Vijayaraghavan, M. S. Balasundaram,
2. Ramachandran K. P., G. K. Vijayaraghavan, M. S. Balasundaram,
Mechatronics: Integrated Mechanical Electronic Systems, Wiley India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2008.
3. Saeed B. Niku, Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, Systems, Applications,
Person Education, Inc., New Delhi, 2006.
Don’t use Airwalk Publications- Mechatronics Textbook if you need to score
passmark in this subject
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 5
6. MODULE-I
Introduction to Mechatronics: Structure of Mechatronics system.
Sensors - Characteristics - Temperature, flow, pressure sensors.
Displacement, position and proximity sensing by magnetic,
optical, ultrasonic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current
methods. Encoders: incremental and absolute, gray coded
optical, ultrasonic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current
methods. Encoders: incremental and absolute, gray coded
encoder. Resolvers and synchros. Piezoelectric sensors. Acoustic
Emission sensors. Principle and types of vibration sensors.
Actuators: Mechanical actuators, Electrical actuators, Hydraulic
and Pneumatic actuators
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 6
7. MODULE-II
Directional control valves, pressure control valves, process
control valves. Rotary actuators. Development of simple
hydraulic and pneumatic circuits using standard Symbols.
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS): Fabrication:
Deposition, Lithography, Micromachining methods for MEMS,
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS): Fabrication:
Deposition, Lithography, Micromachining methods for MEMS,
Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) and LIGA processes.
Principle, fabrication and working of MEMS based pressure
sensor, accelerometer and gyroscope.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 7
8. MODULE-III
Mechatronics in Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
machines: Design of modern CNC machines -
Mechatronics elements - Machine structure: guide
ways, drives. Bearings: anti friction bearings,
hydrostatic bearing and hydrodynamic bearing.
hydrostatic bearing and hydrodynamic bearing.
Re-circulating ball screws, pre-loading methods.
Re-circulating roller screws. Measuring system for
NC machines - direct and indirect measuring
system. System modeling - Mathematical models
and basic building blocks of general mechanical,
electrical, fluid and thermal systems.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 8
9. MODULE-IV
Typical elements of open and closed loop control
systems. Adaptive controllers for machine tools.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) –Basic structure,
input/ output processing. Programming: Timers, Internal
Relays, Counters and Shift registers. Development of
input/ output processing. Programming: Timers, Internal
Relays, Counters and Shift registers. Development of
simple ladder programs for specific purposes.
Case studies of Mechatronics systems: Automatic
camera, bar code reader, pick and place robot,
automatic car park barrier system, automobile engine
management system.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 9
10. MODULE V
Mechatronics in Robotics-Electrical drives: DC, AC,
brushless, servo and stepper motors. Harmonic drive.
Force and tactile sensors. Range finders: ultrasonic
and light-based range finders Robotic vision system -
and light-based range finders Robotic vision system -
Image acquisition: Vidicon, charge coupled device
(CCD) and charge injection device (CID) cameras.
Image processing techniques: histogram processing:
sliding, stretching, equalization and thresholding.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 10
11. MODULE-I
Introduction to Mechatronics: Structure of
Mechatronics system. Sensors - Characteristics -
Temperature, flow, pressure sensors. Displacement,
position and proximity sensing by magnetic, optical,
ultrasonic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current
ultrasonic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current
methods. Encoders: incremental and absolute, gray
coded encoder. Resolvers and synchros. Piezoelectric
sensors. Acoustic Emission sensors. Principle and types
of vibration sensors. Actuators: Mechanical actuators,
Electrical actuators, Hydraulic and Pneumatic
actuators
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 11
15. DIFFERENCE B/W AUTOMATION & MECHATRONICS
Automation and Robotics Engineering is the use of
control systems and information technologies to reduce
reduce the
the
need
need for
for human
human work
work in the production of goods and
services Mechatronics is considered to be equal parts
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and
software programming/engineering.
Mechatronics specialists often work on projects related to
industrial automation but tackle other projects too. And
while mechatronics is an umbrella term covering many
disciplines, industrial automation is more tightly focused.
It seeks to let machines perform tasks that began as solely
manual duties.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 15
16. INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
The term “Mechatronics" was first assigned by
Mr. Tetsuro Mori, a senior engineer of the
Japanese company Yaskawa, in 1969.
The word "mechatronics" was registered
as trademark by the company in Japan with the
registration number of "46-32714" in 1971.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 16
17. MECHATRONICS
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field of science that
includes a combination of mechanical engineering,
electronics, computer engineering, telecommunications
engineering, systems engineering and control engineering.
engineering, systems engineering and control engineering.
It specifically refers to multidisciplinary approach to
product and Manufacturing system design.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 17
18. MECHATRONICS - Definition
Mechatronics basically refers to mechanical electronic
systems and normally described as a synergistic
integration of mechanical engineering, electronics and
intelligent computer control in design and manufacture of
products and processes.
Synergistic – means various parts
products and processes.
In other words : synergistic integration of mechanical
engineering, electronic engineering, computer technology
and control engineering in development of
electromechanical products, through an integrated design
approach.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 18
22. MODEL OF A TYPICAL MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 22
23. MODULES OF A MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
1. Sensing
I. Sensors
II. Signal Conditioning
III. Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion
2. Control
2. Control
I. Open Loop and Closed Loop Control
3. Action
I. Drive Circuits
II. Actuators
III. Motors
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 23
24. MODULES IN MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
IM – Interface Module
ASM – Assembly Module
PM- Processor Module.
EM- Environment Module
EM- Environment Module
CM- Communication Module
MM- Measurement Module
AM- Actuation Module
SM- Software Module
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 24
25. MODULES IN MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
Environment
Environment module
module
This module is concerned with the parameter like forces,
temperature, speed and their effect on boundary of the system. This
also deals with the dynamics and existence of the system and the
also deals with the dynamics and existence of the system and the
function.
Assembly
Assembly Module
Module
Manufacturing mechanical and structural realization, part and system
integration are the activities in this module. Input information is received
from actuation module and output is given to measurement module.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 25
26. MODULES IN MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
Measurement Module
Measurement Module
Sensors and micro devices, transducers are the some
components of this module, which supply information output to
components of this module, which supply information output to
communication module. Gathers information about system status.
Actuation Module
Actuation Module
Hydraulic , pneumatic and electric actuators, piezo-electric
devices, microcontrollers are the systems identified few in this module.
This module recieves information from the communication module for
execution.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 26
27. MODULES IN MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
Communication
Communication Module
Module
this is concerned with transmission of information b/w modules within
the system. The input and output information's reveal the nature of signal and
the system. The input and output information's reveal the nature of signal and
distance over which it has to be transmitted and operating environment. This
module mainly interacts with the processor module.
Processor
Processor Module
Module
This is formed by micro processors, embedded and electronic circuits. This
extracts information from communication module about measurement
parameters, demand settings system parameters to be processed. This module
interacts with interface module and the software module for information
processing.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 27
28. MODULES IN MECHATRONIC SYSTEM
Software
Software Module
Module
this module contains instructions for opening, defined algorithms,
operation control programs of processor module. The nature and forms of
operation control programs of processor module. The nature and forms of
instruction are linked to associate and interact with processor module.
Interface
Interface Module
Module
Between various levels in the system, are interfaced for transfer of
information with interaction with processor module and the system representing
the world. This provides man-machine interface for user information. The
information is classified by nature od i/p x o/p.
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 28
29. COMPONENTS OF A MECHATRONICS SYSTEM /
STRUCTURE OF A MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
4/20/2023 SUKESH O P/ APME/MET402- MR-2023 29
31. COMPONENTS OF A MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
1. Actuators: Produce motion or cause some action. DC motor, Stepper motors,
servomotors, hydraulics, pneumatics
2. Sensors: detect the state of the system parameters, inputs and outputs. Switches,
Potentiometer, Strain gauge, Thermocouple, digital encoder
3. Input signal conditioning and interfacing: provide connection b/w the control
3. Input signal conditioning and interfacing: provide connection b/w the control
circuits and the I/P Discrete circuits, Amplifiers, Filters, A/D,D/D
4. Digital control architectures: Control the system. Logic circuits, microcontroller,
PLC
5. Output signal conditioning and interfacing : provide connection b/w the control
circuits and the O/P
D/A, D/D, Amplifiers, Power transisters.
6. Graphical Display : Provide visual feedback to users.LEDs, Digital displays,
LCD, CRT
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32. LEVELS OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
1.
1. Primary
Primary Level
Level : Integrates electrical signaling with mechanical
action at the basic control level. e.g.: fluid
fluid valves
valves and
and relay
relay
switches
switches.
.
2.
2. Secondary
Secondary Level
Level : Integrates microelectronics into electrically
controlled devices. e
e.
.g
g.
. cassette
cassette tape
tape player
player.
.
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controlled devices. e
e.
.g
g.
. cassette
cassette tape
tape player
player.
.
3.
3. Tertiary
Tertiary Level
Level : Incorporates advanced control strategy using
microelectronics, microprocessors and other application
specific integrated circuits. e
e.
.g
g.
. microprocessor
microprocessor based
based
electrical
electrical motor
motor used
used for
for actuation
actuation purpose
purpose in
in robots
robots.
. A large
factory system that is also a distributed system but which links
a number of major subsystems such as machining centers,
robots for part handling, automated inspection stations etc,
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33. LEVELS OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
4.
4. Quaternary
Quaternary Level
Level : This level attempts to improve smartness
a step ahead by introducing intelligence ( artificial neural
network and fuzzy logic ) and fault detection and isolation (
F.D.I.) capability into the system. A system that incorporates
intelligent control or artificial intelligence, for ex: humanoid
robot.
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intelligent control or artificial intelligence, for ex: humanoid
robot.
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34. INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
Cost effective and Very good quality.
High degree of flexibility.
Greater productivity.
Higher quantity and producing reliability.
Greater extent of machine utilization.
Maintenance cost is less.
Machining of complex designs can be done.
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35. High initial cost.
Skilled worker is required.
Fault detection s complex.
INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
DISADVANTAGES OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
Complicated design and system
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36. High quality product.
High reliability and Safety.
Low cost.
INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
FEATURES/CHARACTERISTICS OF MECHATRONICS
SYSTEMS
Low cost.
Portable.
Produced quickly.
Serviceability, maintainability and upgradability.
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37. Automotives.
Flexible manufacturing systems(FMS).
Measurement systems.
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INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
Cd/DVD and setup boxes.
Robots employed in inspection and welding operations.
Scanners/photocopier/fax .
Automatic washing machines.
Air conditioners, elevator controls.
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38. Better design of products.
Better process planning.
Reliable and quality oriented manufacturing.
INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
SCOPE OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
Reliable and quality oriented manufacturing.
Intelligent process and production control.
Manufacturing of complex parts.
More Accurate and more precision of jobs.
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39. SYSTEM
SYSTEM
System is a group of physical components combined to
perform a specific function. All mechatronics devices consist of
systems. A system can be considered as a box that has an
input and an output.
A control system can be considered as a device that is used to
control the output of the system to a desired value.
Ex: domestic air-conditioning
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41. MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Digital Tachometer
Output
Input
Rotation of a
shaft
Number on the
LED display
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shaft LED display
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42. INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Elements of measuring system
1. Transducer : is a sensing that converts a physical input into
output, usually voltage.
2. Signal processor: performs filtering and amplification
2. Signal processor: performs filtering and amplification
functions.
3. Recorder: records or displays the output of signal processor.
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Transducer
Signal
Processor
Recorder
43. FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF
OF INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENTS AND
AND MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
1.
1. Indicating
Indicating function
function:
: Examples :- (1) A pressure gauge is used
for indicating pressure. (2) The deflection of a pointer of a
speedometer indicates the speed of the automotive at that
moment.
2.
2. Recording
Recording function
function: Examples :- (1) A potentiometer type of
2.
2. Recording
Recording function
function: Examples :- (1) A potentiometer type of
recorder used for monitoring temperature records the
instantaneous values of temperatures on a strip chart recorder.
3.
3. Controlling
Controlling function
function:
: This is one of the most important functions
specially in the field of industrial control processes.
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44. APPLICATIONS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
1
1.
. Monitoring
Monitoring of
of processes
processes and
and operations
operations:
:
Example : (1) A voltmeter indicates the value of current or voltage being
monitored(measured) at a particular instant. (2)Water and electric energy
meters.
2
2.
. Control
Control of
of processes
processes and
and operation
operation:
:
Example : (1) Typical refrigeration system which employs a thermostatic
control.
(2) A temperature measuring device senses the room temperature thus
providing the information necessary for proper functioning of the control
system.
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45. APPLICATIONS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
3. Experimental engineering analysis:
3. Experimental engineering analysis:
(1) Determination of system parameters, variables and performance
indices.
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(2) Testing the validity of theoretical predictions.
(3) Solutions of mathematical relationships with the help of analogies.
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46. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
1. Static characteristics
a. Accuracy b. sensitivity
c. Reproducibility d. Static error.
2. Dynamic characteristics
a. speed of response b. Measuring lag.
c. Fidelity d. Dynamic error
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47. CONTROL SYSTEMS
CONTROL SYSTEMS
A control system is an arrangement of physical components
connected or related in such a manner as to command, direct or
regulate itself or another system.
The basic functions of control systems are:
The basic functions of control systems are:
- to minimize the error b/w the actual and the desired
output.
- to minimize the time response to load changes in the
system.
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48. REQUIREMENTS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
1. Stability : for any change in the input signal, the output of
the system reads or makes its response at reasonable
value.
2. Accuracy : the closeness of the measured value to the true
2. Accuracy : the closeness of the measured value to the true
value is known as accuracy.
3. Response : the quickness with which an instrument responds
to a change in the output signal is known us response.
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49. EXAMPLES OF CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
EXAMPLES OF CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
1. Steering control of automobile.
2. Printwheel control system.
3. Industrial sewing machines.
3. Industrial sewing machines.
4. Sun-tracking control of solar collectors.
5. Speed control systems.
6. Temperature control of an electric furnace.
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50. ELEMENTS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
ELEMENTS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
1. Control variable
The quantity or condition of the controlled system which
can be directly measured and controlled is called Controlled
variable.
variable.
2. Indirectly controlled variable
The quantity or condition related to controlled variable,
but cannot be directly measured is called Indirectly controlled
variable
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51. ELEMENTS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
ELEMENTS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
3
3.
. Command
Command :
: The input which can be independently varied is
called Command.
4
4.
. Reference
Reference input
input:
: A standard signal used for comparison in the
close-loop system.
close-loop system.
5
5.
. Actuating
Actuating signal
signal:
: The difference between the feedback signal
is called Actuating signal.
6
6.
. Disturbance
Disturbance:
: Any signal other than the reference which affects
the system performance is called disturbance.
7
7.
. System
System error
error:
: The difference between the actual value and
ideal value is called System error.
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52. TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open-loop control systems
or
Non-feedback control systems.
Closed-loop control systems
or
Feedback control systems.
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54. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OLS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OLS
ADV:
Simple construction.
Easy maintenance.
Less cost.
Has better reliability and stability.
LIMITATIONS
Presence of non-linearities causes malfunctioning.
The error cannot be corrected.
The control action depends upon input command.
Its not suitable for rough works.
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56. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLS
ADV
More accurate
Control action basically depends upon feedback.
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Control action basically depends upon feedback.
Change in system component is automaticaly taken care of.
DISADV:
The system is complicated and expensive.
The system may become unstable.
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57. Some examples:
Washing machine
The electric switch
Feedforward
control system
Microwave oven
Air conditioner
Liquid level control
Feedback
control system
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58. Open-loop
1. Less accurate
2. Generally build easily
3. Stability can be ensured.
4. The control adjustment depends
Closed-loop
1. More accurate.
2. Generally complicated and
costly
3. May become unstable at times.
4. The control adjustment depends
upon human judgment and
estimate.
5. Any change is system
component cannot be taken
care of automatically.
3. May become unstable at times.
4. The control adjustment depends
on output and feedback
element.
5. Change in system component is
automatically taken care of.
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59. FEED BACK PRINCIPLE
FEED BACK PRINCIPLE
The required level of control in open-loop systems depends only on
human judgment. So, the performance of a control system can be
improved by upgrading the skill of the operator and the nature of the
measurement. Only with experience is one able to predict the results
obtained.
obtained.
Ex: Ironbox
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60. BASIC ELEMENTS OF A FEEDBACK SYSTEM
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A FEEDBACK SYSTEM
1
1.
. Forward
Forward path
path:
: The forward path consist of
1.
1. Error
Error-
-detecting
detecting device
device:
: it is a device that receives the
output signal and compares it with a standard value. It
also gives the command o/p signal at each &every
also gives the command o/p signal at each &every
instant.
2.
2. Amplifier
Amplifier :
: it amplifies the o/p signal to a suitable/
required scale.
3.
3. Compensating
Compensating network
network:
: it improves the overall
performance of the system.
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61. BASIC ELEMENTS OF A FEEDBACK SYSTEM
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A FEEDBACK SYSTEM
2
2.
. Feedback
Feedback system
system:
: This is the path that sends the
information about the o/p signal at each and every instant
to the error-detecting device.
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62. CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS
CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS
1. Regulatory systems.
2. Follow-up system.
3. Servo-mechanism systems.
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3. Servo-mechanism systems.
4. Continuous data feedback systems.
5. Sampled or discrete data control systems.
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63. CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS
1
1.
. Regulatory
Regulatory systems
systems:
: this feedback control system is used
when the input signal is constant, for ex: Refrigerator, Iron box
2
2.
. Follow
Follow-
-up
up system
system:
: this feedback control system is used when
the input signal changes at each and every instant and where
the input signal changes at each and every instant and where
the output follows the input signal closely, Ex: Cam and follower
mechanism
3
3.
. Servo
Servo mechanism
mechanism system
system:
: This feedback control system is
used where the mechanical quantity output with time
derivatives is used.
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64. CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS
CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS
4
4.
. Continuous
Continuous data
data feedback
feedback systems
systems:
: This feedback control
system is used where the input signal has functions of the
continuous time variable.
Ex: Potentiometers.
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Ex: Potentiometers.
5
5.
. Sampled
Sampled or
or discrete
discrete data
data control
control systems
systems:
: This feedback
control system is mainly used in input signals that have pulses
or have numerical codes.
Ex: A/D converter and Digital to Analog(D/A) converter.
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