The document provides a comprehensive introduction to computer communication, covering key concepts such as transmission modes, switching techniques, network models, and data communication characteristics. It discusses serial and parallel transmissions, various communication systems, and the protocols that govern data transfer. Additionally, it includes references to textbooks and resources for further study in the field of computer networking.

1. Introduction to
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
Dr. S. Swapna Kumar
1.1
Introduction to computer communication, Transmission
modes, Switching, Networks, Network models
KNOWLEDGE SERIES

2. EC 407 COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
Syllabus
 Module I
 Introduction to computer communication:
 Transmission modes- serial and parallel
transmission, asynchronous, synchronous,
simplex, half duplex, full duplex
communication.
 Switching: circuit switching and packet
switching
 Networks: Network criteria, physical structures,
network models, categories of networks,
Interconnection of Networks: Internetwork
 Network models: Layered tasks, OSI model,
Layers in OSI model, TCP/IP protocol suite.
Text book
1. Data Communications and Networking,
4/e, Behrouz A Forouzan, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2006.
2. Cryptography & Network Security ,
Behrouz A. Forouzan, IV Edition,Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2008
Reference books
1. Larry Peterson and Bruce S Davie:
Computer Network- A System Approach, 4/e,
Elsevier India, 2011.
2. J F Kurose, Computer Network A Topdown
Approach Featuring the Internet,3/e,Pearson
Education, 2010
3. S.Keshav: An Engineering Approach to
Computer Networking, Pearson Education,
2005.
4. Achyut S.Godbole Data Communication
and Networking,2e, McGraw –Hill Education
New Delhi,2011
KNOWLEDGE SERIES
Dr. S. Swapna Kumar
1.2

3. Module 1
Introduction
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Sr. Module 1 (YouTube Links) Duration
1 Introduction to Computer Communication= https://youtu.be/A-_OH9kuGiI 50.55
2 Switching= https://youtu.be/K-mXF-Tqu_0 41.52
1.3

4. Computer Communications
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1.4

5. Cond…
 Data Communications is interested in the transfer of data, the
method of transfer and the preservation of the data during the
transfer process.
 The rules and regulations are called protocols and standards in Data
Communications.
 Telecommunication
 Voice Channels Talking to someone on the phone uses Voice
Channels.
 Data Channels are dedicated lines for communicating digitized
voice and data.
 Voice Channel communication rates are: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600,
14.4k, 19.2k, 28.8k, 33.6k and 56 kbps (bits per second).
 Data Channels Typical transfer rates for data communication are:
56 k, 128k, 1.544 M, 2.08 M, 45M and 155 Mbps.
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1.5

6.  Source: It is the transmitter of data. Examples are:
 Terminal,
 Computer,
 Mainframe
 Medium: The communications stream through which the data is
being transmitted. Examples are:
 Cabling,
 Microwave,
 Fibre optics,
 Radio Frequencies (RF),
 Infrared Wireless
 Receiver: The receiver of the data transmitted. Examples are:
 Printer,
 Terminal,
 Mainframe,
 Computer,
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Communication Components
1.6

7.  Data Communications system components
 Message
 Sender
 Receiver
 Medium
 Protocol

Cond…
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1.7

8. Characteristics of DC
 Data communication characteristics
 Delivery
 Accuracy
 Timeliness
 Jitter
 Data communication Ideal characteristics
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1.8

9. Data flow (simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex)
 Data flow
 simplex, Examples are Radio and Television broadcasts.
 half-duplex, Ex. Conversation on walkie-talkies
 full-duplex Ex. Modem
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Transmission mode
1.9

10. Transmission mode methods
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1.10

11. The transmission of binary data across a link can be
accomplished in either parallel or serial mode.
In parallel mode, multiple bits are sent with each clock
tick.
In serial mode, 1 bit is sent with each clock tick. While
there is only one way to send parallel data, there are three
subclasses of serial transmission:
1. Asynchronous,
2. Synchronous, and
3. Isochronous.
KNOWLEDGE SERIES
1.11
Cond…

12. Parallel Interface
• Data lines may be unidirectional or bi-directional.
• Width of data bus is usually byte-wide (8 data bits).
• A full byte of data is transferred on each R/W clock
cycle.
• Chip Select (CS) allows multiple devices to share bus.
Parallel transmission
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1.12

13. Serial Interface
 Need one communication channel and n clocks.
 It reduces the cost of transmission over parallel by a
factor of n.
 One bit is transferred for each clock cycle.
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1.13

14. Asynchronous: This system send one character for time with a delay time
between the data. It is also called Start/Stop protocol.
In asynchronous transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning and
1 or more stop bits (1s) at the end of each byte. There may be a gap
between each byte.
Asynchronous here means “asynchronous at the byte level,” but the bits are
still synchronized; their durations are the same.
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1.14
Asynchronous transmission

15. Synchronous transmission
Synchronous: Normally are send one or two SYN bytes to synchronize the
systems, and then the data is send without interruptions.
In synchronous transmission, we send bits one after another without start
or stop bits or gaps. It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits.
Synchronous communications allows faster data transfer rates than
asynchronous methods, because additional bits to mark the beginning and
end of each data byte are not required.
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1.15

16. Isochronous transmission
 Iso-synchronous: In this type of transmission the
Source and the Target system are synchronized. Each Tx
& Rx transmission includes a asynchronous start bit and
a stop bit. he transmitter and receiver are not separate.
KNOWLEDGE SERIES
1.16

17. Cond…
 Isochronous: In this type of transmission the Source
and the Target system are synchronized. Each Tx & Rx
transmission includes a asynchronous start bit and a
stop bit.
 Isochronous communication the clocks that guides the
transmitter and receiver are not separate.
 The maximum time intervals is not pre-fixed between
which a frame of bytes transmits between which a frame
of bytes transmits i.e., it can be variable.
KNOWLEDGE SERIES
1.17

18. Next
1.18

19. EC 407 COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
Syllabus
 Module I (6 hours)
 Introduction to computer communication:
 Transmission modes- serial and parallel
transmission, asynchronous, synchronous,
simplex, half duplex, full duplex
communication.
 Switching: circuit switching and packet
switching
 Networks: Network criteria, physical structures,
network models, categories of networks,
Interconnection of Networks: Internetwork
 Network models: Layered tasks, OSI model,
Layers in OSI model, TCP/IP protocol suite.
Text book
1. Data Communications and Networking,
4/e, Behrouz A Forouzan, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2006.
2. Cryptography & Network Security ,
Behrouz A. Forouzan, IV Edition,Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2008
Reference books
1. Larry Peterson and Bruce S Davie:
Computer Network- A System Approach, 4/e,
Elsevier India, 2011.
2. J F Kurose, Computer Network A Topdown
Approach Featuring the Internet,3/e,Pearson
Education, 2010
3. S.Keshav: An Engineering Approach to
Computer Networking, Pearson Education,
2005.
4. Achyut S.Godbole Data Communication
and Networking,2e, McGraw –Hill Education
New Delhi,2011
KNOWLEDGE SERIES
Dr. S. Swapna Kumar
1.19

20. Module 1
Switching
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1.20

21. Switching network
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1.21

22. Taxonomy of switched networks
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1.22

23. A circuit-switched network is made of a set of switches
connected by physical links, in which each link is
divided into n channels.
Circuit-switched network
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1.23

24. Circuit-switched network
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1.24

25. In circuit switching, the resources need to be reserved
during the setup phase; the resources remain dedicated
for the entire duration of data transfer until the teardown
phase.
Cond…
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1.25

26. Delay in a circuit-switched network
Switching at the physical layer in the traditional telephone
network uses the circuit-switching approach.
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1.26

27. Packet
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28. Cond… Packet
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29. In a packet-switched network, there is no resource
reservation; resources are allocated on demand.
Packet-switched network
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1.29

30. Packet-switched network
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31. Message-switched network
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1.31

32. • The destination address in the header of a packet in a
datagram network remains the same during the entire
journey of the packet.
• Switching in the Internet is done by using the datagram
approach to packet switching at the network layer.
Datagram network
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1.32

33. A virtual-circuit network is a cross between a circuit-
switched network and a datagram network. It has
some characteristics of both.
Virtual-circuit network
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1.33

34. Switch and tables in a VCN
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1.34

35. Crossbar switch
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1.35

36. Multistage switch
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1.36

37. Time-space-time switch
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1.37

38. Packet switch components
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1.38

39. Input port
Output port
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1.39

40. End
1.40