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Masonry structures behavior and design
- 1. Masonry structures Behavior and design Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering 4th year Structural Engineering Department Concrete Structures & Design Graduation Project
- 2. Outlines • Introduction & Historical background • Advantage of masonry structures • Most important properties of masonry materials • Material Used on masonry structures • Contemporary masonry structures • Design of reinforced masonry beams • Design loads • Shear walls • Failure of walls • Out-of-plane loads • Flexural behavior of loads • Two way flexure • Partially reinforced walls 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 2
- 3. Introduction&Historical background • Building Problems throughout history • Idea of ancient masonry • Most of Ancient masonry where loadbearing • The most important and famous example throughout history is the pyramids 3
- 4. Introduction & Historical background • Vaults and domes development and the great ingenuity to create pleasant buildings • Development in gothic civilization 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 4
- 5. Advantage of masonry structures •More economic •Thermal and sound isolation •Fire resistance •Aesthetic value •Durable qualities 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 5
- 6. Most important properties of masonry materials • Compressive strength • Modulus of elasticity 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 6 Provides complete info’s on characteristics Useful in design, Researches
- 7. Most important properties of masonry materials • Tensile strength: obtained from modulus of rupture test • Initial rate of absorption (IRA): • KG/min / m2 • • Durability: can be estimated using historic reports • Efflorescence 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 7
- 8. Most common units • Clay/shale units : Concrete units : 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 8
- 9. Most common units • Calcium silicate units : stones : Glass walls 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 9
- 10. Other used materials • Mortar: • Grout : 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 10
- 11. Reinforcement • reinforced bars and joint reinforcement 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 11
- 12. Contemporary masonry • Reasons of masonry development • Contemporary masonry elements • Masonry building systems • Types of masonry construction 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 12 walls columns Beams Single storey Multi storey hybrid Unreinforced Reinforced Prestressed
- 13. Masonry Beams • Reinforced masonry beams and lintels are horizontal members used to span the openings in masonry walls. • Bond beams are mostly located at floor and roof levels where their main function is: 1-To distribute vertical loads 2-To tie the elements of the building together 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 13
- 15. Design of beams • T = As . Fy , C = ϒ1 Fm . β1 c b , ϒ1= β1 = 0.85 • For equilibrium with C = T , Therefor: 𝐜 = 𝐀𝐬 𝐅𝐲 𝛄𝟏 𝐅𝐦 .𝛃𝟏 𝐛 Thus, the theoretical ultimate moment capacity can be calculated as: 𝐌𝐧 = 𝐓 𝐝 − 𝛃𝟏 𝐜 𝟐 = 𝐀𝐬 𝐅𝐲 𝐝 − 𝐀𝐬 𝐅𝐲 𝟐𝛄𝟏 . 𝐅𝐦 . 𝐛 • Applying factor of safety in the form of capacity reduction factor for flexure, so: 𝐌𝐮 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟖 𝐌𝐧 • Reinforcement(steel) ratio ρ = As/bd must be limited to avoid the brittle failure and ensure some ductility. 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 15
- 16. Design loads Seismic Gravity Wind 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 16
- 17. Shear wall 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 17 • Why we must add shear walls ? • Its function?
- 18. Shear Walls 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 18 • In-plane and out-of-plane loads • Comparison
- 19. Shear walls • Walls with opening 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 19
- 20. Failure of walls • Under lateral load and gravity load 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 20
- 21. Out-of-plane loads • Types of out-of-plane loads 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 21 Permanent loads Temporary loads
- 22. Flexural behavior of loads (single wythe) • Vertical flexure • • Effect of superimposed axial load 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 22
- 23. Flexural behavior of loads (single wythe) • Horizontal flexure 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 23
- 24. Two way flexure (single Wythe) • Wall on three sides 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 24
- 25. Two way flexure (single Wythe) • Wall on four sides 2/26/2015 FOURTHYEARCIVIL-CONCRETE STRUCTURESGRADUATION PROJECT 25