Introducing Tangible Holograms for Data Physicalisation and Big Data Exploration

2 December 2005
Introducing Tangible Holograms for
Data Physicalisation and Big Data Exploration
Prof. Beat Signer
http://www.beatsigner.com
Web & Information Systems Engineering Lab
Department of Computer Science
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
WEB & INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

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Fluid Cross-Media Information Spaces

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 3September 23, 2017
Prof. Dr. Beat Signer
Interactive Paper, Cross-Media
Information Architectures
Audrey Sanctorum
User-defined Cross-Device and
Cross-Media Interaction
Reinout Roels
MindXpres: Extensible Content-
driven Presentation Tool
CISA
Human-Machine &
Human-Information
Interaction
Information
Systems &
Management
Information
Visualisation
& Navigation
WEB & INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
CROSS-MEDIA INFORMATION SPACES
AND ARCHITECTURES (CISA)
Payam Ebrahimi
Data Physicalisation

Dr. Ahmed A.O. Tayeh
Open Cross-Media Authoring,
Fluid Document Formats
WEB & INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
CISA
Human-Machine &
Human-Information
Interaction
Information
Systems &
Management
Information
Visualisation
& Navigation
Kushal Soni
Smart Environments, Implicit
Human-Computer Interaction
Jan Maushagen
Learning Analytics, Adaptive
Persuasive ICT Tools
Sandra Trullemans
Personal Cross-Media
Information Management

WEB & INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
CISA
Human-Machine &
Human-Information
Interaction
Information
Systems &
Management
Information
Visualisation
& Navigation
Lars Van Holsbeeke
Smart Environments, Implicit
Human-Computer Interaction

Cross-Media Information Spaces and Architectures
Information
Systems &
Management
Information
Visualisation
& Navigation
Information
Visualisation
nd NavigationHuman-Machine &
Human-Information
Interaction
CISA
RSL [4]
MindXpres [7]
OC2 [5]
associate file system [2]
data-driven storytelling [10]
XIMA [12]
cross-device interaction [8]
iServer/iPaper [3]
ViDaX [15]
data physicalisation [30]
map-based interaction [17]
non-linear storytelling [25]
PaperProof [27]iGesture [21]
Query by Sketch [28]
PaperSketch [29]
Context Modelling Toolkit [9]
Midas [19]
SpeeG2 [22]
PaperPoint [24]
Print-n-Link [16]
digital libraries [11]
Mudra [20] mixed reality [26]
ArtVis [14]
open cross-media linking [1]
PimVis [13]
DocTr [6]
EdFest [23]
source code visualisation [18]

ArtVis: TUI-based Information Exploration
 Advanced visualisation
techniques in combination
with a TUI
 explore Web Gallery of Art
 faceted browsing
 phidgets-based TUI
 RFID-tagged physical
objects
 Three main components
to explore, analyse and
browse the information
Bram Moerman

ArtVis Setup
Bram Moerman

ArtVis Visualisation
Bram Moerman

Tangible Bits (Ishii & Ullmer, 1997)
 Beyond GUIs ("painted bits")
 Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs)
augment the physical space by
coupling digital information to
everyday objects and environments
 physical instantiation of GUI
elements in TUI
 Key concepts
 interactive surfaces
 unidirectional coupling of atoms and bits
 ambient media (inspired by Life Wire)
 Tangible bits mainly act as input controls for digital
information and services (output on computer screens)
Hiroshi Ishii Brygg Ullmer

Radical Atoms (Ishii et al., 2012)
 Vision taking a leap beyond Tangible Bits
 assuming a hypothetical generation of materials that can
dynamically change their form and appearance
 vision-driven design research
 Radical Atoms is
 a computationally transformable and reconfigurable material that
is bidirectionally coupled with an underlying digital model (bits)
- changes to digital model are reflected in physical representation and vice versa
 a future material that can transform its shape, conform to
constraints and inform the users of its affordances
 a vision for the future of human-material interaction and Material
User Interfaces (MUIs) in which all digital information has a
physical manifestation so that we can directly interact with it

Radical Atoms …
 Transform
 interface can transform its
shape to modify the model
and reflect changes in the
computational model
 Conform
 interface has to conform to
some physical laws and user
constraints (e.g. for safety)
 Inform
 user has to be informed
about changing interface
affordances

Interactions with Radical Atoms
 Direct touch and gestural interaction
 gestures coupled with direct touch create an interaction
appropriate for Radical Atoms since users are able to rapidly
reform dynamic materials at all scales
 Context-aware transformation
 context-aware transformations of the tool/interface
- e.g. screwdriver adapting to the type of screw it is operating on
 Shape-memory clay: Perfect Red
 Perfect Red is a fictional material that can be sculpted like and
responds according to rules inspired by CAD operations
- e.g. if we split a piece in two even halves, then the operations performed on
one part are mirrored on the other part

TRANSFORM
TRANSFORM, MIT
 Dynamic shape display
that can physically render
3D content
 tangible interaction with
digital content
- geospatial data
- 3D modelling
- …
 TRANSFORM display can also
interact with the physical world around it
 remote users can be displayed physically
 Step towards MIT’s vision of Radical Atoms

Video: TRANSFORM

Data Physicalisation (Jansen et al., 2015)
 Physical objects used for output
 often static encoding of digital
information
 physical visualisations can outperform
their virtual counterparts
 How can we achieve dynamic data
physicalisation with dynamic affordances
 e.g. 3D visualisation with additional dimensions represented
by physical variables such as temperature, texture, weight or
plasticity
 TRANSFORM is one possible approach; tangible holograms are
another experimental mobile solution
- can be used for multidimensional collaborative exploration and analysis of
big data sets

Mixed Reality
"The perceived congruence concerns both visual as well
as tactile perception. A perfect hologram will appear
embodied but trying to touch it will destroy the illusion."
Microsoft HoloLens
Jansen, 2014 [34]

Tangible Hologram (TangHo) Setup
Timothy J. Curtin

Tangible Graph Hologram

Collaborative TangHo Interaction

Robotic Arm Prototype
 Lego Mindstorms-based
6DOF arm prototype
 motors can be locked or set to
float mode
- useful for bidirectional I/O
 replaceable sphere for different
types of non-visual feedback
 Challenges
 inverse kinematics (final system
will be body mounted)
- use robotics toolbox (MATLAB)
 limited HoloLens hand tracking
 3D printing of final arm
Timothy J. Curtin

TangHo Prototype
Timothy J. Curtin

TangHo Interactions
Timothy J. Curtin

Data Physicalisation Framework
 Inspired by research agenda of Jansen et al. [34]
 Understanding the design space
 how do users map data to physicalisations
 Understanding the perceptual effectiveness
 e.g. what are the just-noticeable differences that a physical
variable can convey?
 Framework for dynamic data physicalisation
 data processing with device-independent output
- TextDIO: text for static or dynamic reports
- PhysDIO: data points, data variables and physical variables
 text and visualisation drivers for representation on specific
devices
- e.g. tangible hologram prototype

Conclusions
 Tangible holograms for data physicalisation and
simulation of radical atoms
 physical augmentation of highly configurable virtual objects rather
than programming of physical material (programmable matter)
 mobile solution that is no longer bound to a specific place such as
a the TRANSFORM table
 modular solution that can be configured for specific domains
(e.g. different spheres for various physical variables)
 Data physicalisation framework for investigating new
opportunities in dynamic data physicalisation
 new data physicalisation design guidelines (as in InfoVis)
 new evaluation techniques
 …

References
 B. Signer, Fundamental Concepts for
Interactive Paper and Cross-Media Information
Spaces, ISBN 978-3-8370-2713-6, May 2008
 ArtVis Project
 http://www.beatsigner.com/flyers/ArtVis.pdf
 Tangible Holograms
 http://beatsigner.com/tangibleHolograms.html
 TRANSFORM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCARHatJQJA

References ...
[1] B. Signer and M.C. Norrie, A Model and
Architecture for Open Cross-Media Annotation and
Link Services, Information Systems 36(3), Elsevier,
May 2011
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_IS2011.pdf
[2] B. Signer, What is Wrong with Digital Documents?
A Conceptual Model for Structural Cross-Media
Content Composition and Reuse, Proceedings of the
29th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
(ER 2010), Vancouver, Canada, November 2010
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_ER2010.pdf

References ...
[3] B. Signer, Fundamental Concepts for Interactive
Paper and Cross-Media Information Spaces,
Dissertation ETH No. 16218, Zurich, Switzerland,
2005
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer2006.pdf
[4] B. Signer and M.C. Norrie, As We May Link: A General
Metamodel for Hypermedia Systems, Proceedings of
the 26th International Conference on Conceptual
Modeling (ER 2007), Auckland, New Zealand,
November 2007
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_ER2010.pdf

References ...
[5] S. Trullemans and B. Signer, Towards a Con-
ceptual Framework and Metamodel for Context-Aware
Personal Cross-Media Information Management
Systems, Proceedings of ER 2014, 33rd International
Conference on Conceptual Modelling, Atlanta, USA,
October, 2014
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/trullemans_ER2014.pdf
[6] S. Trullemans, A. Vercruysse and B. Signer, DocTr:
A Unifying Framework for Tracking Physical Docu-
ments and Organisational Structures, Proceedings of
EICS 2016, Brussels, Belgium, June 2016
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/trullemans_EICS2016.pdf

References ...
[7] R. Roels and B. Signer, MindXpres: An Exten-
sible Content-driven Cross-Media Presentation
Platform, Proceedings of WISE 2014, 15th Interna-
tional Conference on Web Information System
Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece, October, 2014
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/roels_WISE2014.pdf
[8] A. Sanctorum and B. Signer, Towards User-defined
Cross-Device Interaction, Proceedings of DUI 2016,
5th Workshop on Distributed User Interfaces, Lugano,
Switzerland, June 2016
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/sanctorum_DUI2016.pdf

References ...
[9] S. Trullemans and B. Signer, A Multi-layered
Context Modelling Approach for End Users, Expert
Users and Programmers, Proceedings of the Interna-
tional Workshop on Smart Ecosystems cReation by
Visual dEsign (SERVE 2016), Bari, Italy, June 2016
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/trullemans_SERVE2016.pdf
[10] R. Roels, Y. Baeten and B. Signer, An Interactive
Data Visualisation Approach for Next Generation
Presentation Tools: Towards Rich Presentation-based
Data Exploration and Storytelling, Proceedings of
CSEDU 2016, Rome, Italy, April, 2016
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/roels_CSEDU2016.pdf

References ...
[11] M.C. Norrie, B. Signer and N. Weibel, Interactive
Paper as a Reading Medium in Digital Libraries, Pro-
ceedings of ECDL 2008, 12th European Conference
on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital
Libraries, Aarhus, Denmark, September 2008
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/norrie_ECDL2008.pdf
[12] B. Signer, M.C. Norrie, P. Geissbuehler and
D. Heiniger, Telephone Interface for Avalanche War-
nings based on Information Server for Adaptable Con-
tent Delivery, Proceedings of Pervasive 2002, Zurich,
Switzerland, August 2002
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_Pervasive2002.pdf

References ...
[13] S. Trullemans, A. Sanctorum and B. Signer,
PimVis: Exploring and Re-finding Documents in Cross-
Media Information Spaces, Proceedings of the Inter-
national Working Conference on Advanced Visual
Interfaces (AVI 2016), Bari, Italy, June 2016
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/trullemans_AVI2016.pdf
[14] B. Dumas, B. Moerman, S. Trullemans and B. Signer,
ArtVis: Combining Advanced Visualisation and Tan-
gible Interaction for the Exploration, Analysis and
Browsing of Digital Artwork Collections, Proceedings of
AVI 2014, Como, Italy, May 2014
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/dumas_AVI2014.pdf

References ...
[15] B. Dumas, T. Broché, L. Hoste and B. Signer,
ViDaX: An Interactive Semantic Data Visualisation and
Exploration Tool, Proceedings of AVI 2012, Internatio-
nal Working Conference on Advanced Visual Inter-
faces, Capri Island, Italy, May 2012
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/dumas_AVI2012.pdf
[16] Moira C. Norrie, Beat Signer and Nadir Weibel,
Print-n-Link: Weaving the Paper Web, Proceedings of
DocEng 2006, ACM Symposium on Document
Engineering, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
October 2006
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/norrie_DocEng2006.pdf

References ...
[17] M. Grossniklaus, M.C. Norrie, B. Signer and
N. Weibel ,Putting Location-Based Services on the
Map, Proceedings of W2GIS 2006, Hong Kong, China,
December 2006
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/grossniklaus_W2GIS2006.pdf
[18] R. Roels, P. Mestereaga and B. Signer, An Interactive
Source Code Visualisation Plug-in for the MindXpres
Presentation Platform, Communications in Computer
and Information Science (CCIS), 583, 2016
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/roels_CCIS2016.pdf

References ...
[19] C. Scholiers, L. Hoste, B. Signer and W. De
Meuter, Midas: A Declarative Multi-Touch Interaction
Framework, Proceedings of TEI 2011, 5th Interna-
tional Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Em-
bodied Interaction, Funchal, Portugal, January 2006
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/scholliers_TEI2011.pdf
[20] L. Hoste, B. Dumas and B. Signer, Mudra: A Unified
Multimodal Interaction Framework, Proceedings of
ICMI 2011, 13th International Conference on Multi-
modal Interaction (ICMI 2011), Alicante, Spain,
November 2011
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/scholliers_TEI2011.pdf

References ...
[21] B. Signer, U. Kurmann and M.C. Norrie,
iGesture: A General Gesture Recognition Framework,
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on
Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007),
Curitiba, Brazil, September 2007
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_ICDAR2007.pdf
[22] L. Hoste and B. Signer, SpeeG2: A Speech- and
Gesture-based Interface for Efficient Controller-free
Text Entry, Proceedings of ICMI 2013, 15th Inter-
national Conference on Multimodal Interaction,
Sydney, Australia, December 2013
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/hoste_ICMI2013.pdf

References ...
[23] B. Signer, M. Grossniklaus and M.C. Norrie,
Interactive Paper as a Mobile Client for a Multi-
Channel Web Information System, World Wide Web
Journal (WWW), Vol. 10, No. 4, Springer,
December 2007
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_WWWJ2007.pdf
[24] B. Signer and M.C. Norrie, PaperPoint: A Paper-
based Presentation and Interactive Paper Prototyping
Tool, Proceedings of TEI 2007, First International
Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction,
Baton Rouge, USA, February 2007
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_TEI2007.pdf

References ...
[25] A. Vogelsang and B. Signer, The Lost Cosmo-
naut: An Interactive Narrative Environment on Basis of
Digitally Enhanced Paper, Proceedings of the Inter-
national Conference on Virtual Storytelling 2005,
Strasbourg, France, December 2005
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/vogelsang_ICVS2005.pdf
[26] L. Hoste and B. Signer, Expressive Control of Indirect
Augmented Reality During Live Music Performances,
Proceedings of NIME 2013, 13th International Confe-
rence on New Interfaces for Musical Expression,
Daejeon, Korea Republic, May 2013
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/hoste_NIME2013.pdf

References ...
[27] N. Weibel, A. Ispas, B. Signer and M.C. Norrie,
PaperProof: A Paper-Digital Proof-Editing System,
Proceedings of CHI 2008, 26th International Confe-
rence on Human Factors in Computing Systems
(Interactivity Track), Florence, Italy, April 2008
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/weibel_CHI2008.pdf
[28] A. Ispas, H. Schuldt, M.C. Norrie and B. Signer,
Towards Query by Sketch, Michael Springmann,
Second DELOS Conference on Digital Libraries, Pisa,
Italy, December 2007
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/springmann_DELOS2007.pdf

References ...
[29] N. Weibel, B. Signer, M.C. Norrie, H. Hofstetter,
H.-C. Jetter and H. Reiterer, PaperSketch: A Paper-
Digital Collaborative Remote Sketching Tool, Proceed-
ings of IUI 2011, International Conference on Intelli-
gent User Interfaces, Palo Alto, USA, February 2011
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/weibel_IUI2011.pdf
[30] B. Signer and T.J. Curtin, Tangible Holograms:
Towards Mobile Physical Augmentation of Virtual
Objects, Technical Report WISE Lab, WISE-2017-01,
March 2017
 http://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_arXiv2017.pdf

References ...
[31] H. Ishii and B. Ullmer, Tangible Bits: Towards
Seamless Interfaces between People, Bits and Atoms,
Proceedings of CHI 1997, ACM Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems, Atlanta, USA,
March 1997
 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258549.258715
[32] H. Ishii, D. Lakatos, L. Bonanni and J.-B. Labrune,
Radical Atoms: Beyond Tangible Bits, Toward
Transformable Materials, interactions, 19(1),
January 2012
 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2065327.2065337

References ...
[33] Y. Jansen et al., Opportunities and Challenges
for Data Physicalizations, Proceedings of CHI 2015,
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems, Seoul, Korea, April 2015
 https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702180
[34] Y. Jansen, Physical and Tangible Information
Visualization, 2014, Ph.D. Dissertation, Université
Paris-Sud
 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981521

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