INFORM is a dynamic shape display that can render 3D content physically so users can tangibly interact with digital information. It uses 900 mechanical actuators to change the shape and position of pins on its surface, allowing it to create buttons, tracks, and other interactive elements. A Kinect sensor and projector provide input and output capabilities while an ATmega 2560 microcontroller controls the actuators through linkages. This allows INFORM to physically represent digital models and information for users to directly interact with and transform.

1. Presentation by :
P.HARI TEJA

2. INTRODUCTION
 INFORM is a Dynamic Shape Display that can
render 3D content physically, so users can interact
with digital information in a tangible way.
 INFORM can also interact with the physical world
around it, for example moving objects on the table’s
surface.
 These physical objects have features that not only
provide functionality , but also suggest possible uses,
or confine the ways we may interact with them.

3. User interface’s
 A graphical user interface (GUI) is a human-computer interface (i.e., a
way for humans to interact with computers) that uses windows,
icons and menus and which can be manipulated by a mouse (and often
to a limited extent by a keyboard as well).
 TUIs may be described as a set of relationships between physical
objects and digital information.
 “Radical atoms” is our vision of human interaction with the future
dynamic physical material that are transformable, conformable and in
formable.
 Radical Atoms is a vision for the future of human-material interaction,
in which all digital information has a physical manifestation so that we
can interact directly with it. We no longer think of designing the
interface, but rather of the interface itself as material. We may call it
“Material User Interface (MUI).”

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
ACTUATORS
COMPUTER
KINECT
SENSOR
PROJECTO
R
SHAPE
DISPLAY
AT MEGA
2561(PINS)
LINKAGES
SHAPE
OUTPUT

6. Kinect sensor and projector
 Kinect sensor is a horizontal bar
connected to a small base with a
motorized pivot and is designed to be
positioned lengthwise above or below the
video display.
 The device features an “RGB camera,
depth sensor and multi-array microphone
running proprietary software", which
provide full-body 3D motion capture
,facial recognition and voice
recognition capabilities.
 Digital Projectors is typically used
loosely to include any projector capable
of connecting to a computer, or other
device displaying data.
 However, for a projector to be considered
truly digital, theoretically it would use a
digital device, such as a DLP chip as
opposed to LCD or LCoS panels, and
would be equipped with an LED light
source. DIGITAL PROJECTORS

7. SHAPE DISPLAY
 Shape displays can appropriate
passive objects by
independently actuating and
manipulating them to create
dynamic affordances and
constraints.
 This way, the shape display can
apply mechanical force to an
object and cause it to move in a
variety of ways.

8.  This greatly expands opportunities for interaction, and inter-material
interaction, as well as solving a problem inherent in
passive tangible systems: keeping tokens’ physical state
synchronized with the digital state
 . Our techniques for actuating passive objects do not require an
active or special material (such as magnets), but instead
manipulate geometrical shapes, with the limitation that certain
geometries (such as a ball) are easier to move than others.

9. Tokens and constraints
 Tokens are the physically manipulable elements of tangible
interfaces, and reference frames to be the physical
interaction spaces in which these objects are used.
 Tokens are also a graspable physical objects, the represents
digital information or function
 Constraints are embodied as physical structures that
mechanically channel how tokens can be manipulated.

10. LINKAGES
 Push-Pull rods are used to link each
pin with an actuator, to enable a dense
pin arrangement independent of
actuator size, giving the system a
height of 1100 mm.
 The linkage, a nylon rod inside a
plastic housing (Sullivan Gold-N-Rods),
transmits bi-directional force
from a motorized slide potentiometer
(ALPS RSA0N11M9A07), through a
bend.
 Six slide potentiometers are mounted
onto a custom-designed PCB, powered
by an Atmel AT Mega 2560, and
TB6612FNGCT-ND motor drivers.

11. ACTUATORS
 An actuator is a type of motor for
moving or controlling a mechanism
or system.
 In this project, it contains 900
mechanical actuators where the
INFORM system actuates and
detects shape change.
 External actuators changes the
object states using such as
mechanical, electromagnetic,
magnetic or ultrasonic

12. ATMEGA 2560
 The high-performance, low-power Atmel
8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller
combines 256KB ISP flash memory, 8KB
SRAM, 4KB EEPROM, 86 general purpose
I/O lines, 32 general purpose working
registers, real time counter
 The device achieves a throughput of 16
MIPS at 16 MHz and operates between
4.5-5.5 volts.
 The system uses 30×30 motorized white
polystyrene pins, in a 381×381 mm area.

13. PIN DISCRIPTION

14.  For each pin, we can update both position and PID terms to
provide haptic feedback and variable stiffness, for example, to
create haptic detents or buttons that are harder to press.
 This control also allows us to limit power consumption per pin to
avoid burning out the motors.
 Each pin can exert a force of 1.08 Newtons (equivalent to 100 g
weight), which was measured using a precision digital scale.

15. Dynamic Physical Affordance and
constrains
 Dynamic affordances which can transform shape, size,
location and orientation, in addition to being able to
appear and disappear.
 They provide appropriate affordances on demand by
changing their physical properties based on program
states and the context of the user or other objects in
the interaction area to facilitate interaction.
 Buttons can, for example, grow in size to ease target
acquisition, or move out of the way of an object.
 We also introduce Dynamic Constraints, which help
mediate interaction between the interface and
tangible tokens or tools.

16. (a).Button
(b).1D touch track
(c).2D touch track (d).Handle
Dynamic Physical Affordances transform the UI to facilitate
interactions.

17. Actuated and Dynamically Controlled Objects
 A natural extension to user manipulation of TUIs is the ability to
computationally control them through actuation.
 The Actuated Workbench uses electromagnetism for 2D movement of tracked
tangibles on an interactive surface, while Madgets extends the concept to
enable height actuation
 Binary Switches: Buttons
1. Buttons are formed by raising pins from the surrounding surface .
2. Users activate a button by touching it or by pushing it into the surface, which
is registered as a binary input.

18. Software tools
1.DOG programming language:
 Dog is a new programming language that makes it
easy and intuitive to create social applications.
 One of Dog’s key features is built-in support for
interacting with people.
 It can perform a long-running computation while also
displaying messages, requesting information, or even
sending operations to particular individuals or groups.
2.Embedded c

19. ADVANTAGES
 The 3D Model Manipulation application demonstrates how
the INFORM system’s dynamic capabilities can be used to
render physical representations of 3D models that the user
can flip through, and then use tokens and tools to
transform, edit or paint

20. APPLICATIONS
 This can solve the mathematical graphical representations by showing the
3dimensional interactions.
 The system allows people to remotely manipulate objects from a distance,
physically interact with data or temporary objects, and could open the door to a
wide variety of gaming, medical, or other interactive scenarios where people
might be in remote locations.