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Introducción
El dibujo técnico es un sistema de representación gráfico de diversos tipos de objetos,
con el fin de proporcionar información suficiente para facilitar su análisis, ayudar a
elaborar su diseño y posibilitar la futura construcción y mantenimiento del mismo.
En el presente trabajo de investigación trataremos los temas sobre teoría de escalas y
simbología arquitectónica y topográfica con el fin de desarrollar nuestras capacidades
de interpretar símbolos y figuras con escalas apropiadas. Dicha información fue
obtenida mediante la indagación, análisis en conjunto, búsqueda de fuentes fiables y
veraces y redacción.
Para efectos del entendimiento hemos explicado minuciosamente la aplicación de
escalas a través de ejemplos y la simbología tanto arquitectónica como topográfica a
través de sus respectivos dibujos.
En el dibujo los objetos no siempre se pueden representar en sus tamaños rales es
por esto que se transforman ha objetos representados en otras dimensiones o
símbolos para facilitar el trazado y una cómoda lectura del plano.
Escalas
la escala es una relación que existe entre las dimensiones del dibujo de un objeto y las
dimensiones reales de este.
La escalase define pordosnúmeros que determinan la relación entre el dibujo y la realidad,
donde el primer número da la proposición referente al dibujo en el papel, y el segundo
número da la proposición referente a la realidad del objeto.
1
𝐸
=
𝑉𝐴𝑅
𝑉𝑅
TIPOS DE ESCALA
 ESCALA NATURAL: las medidas lineales del dibujo coinciden con las
medidas reales del objeto, en otras palabras, el dibujo del objeto tiene el
mismo tamaño que el real; se representa en Escala 1:1.
 ESCALA DE REDUCCION: las medidas lineales del dibujo son
menores que las medidas reales del objeto, por ejemplo, Escala 1:2 (las
dimensiones del dibujo serán la mitad de las dimensiones serán la mitad
de las dimensiones reales del objeto)
 ESCALA DE AMPLIACION: las medidas del dibujo son mayores que
las medidas reales del objeto, por ejemplo, Escala 2:1. (las medidas del
dibujo serán el doble que las dimensiones reales del objeto).
En la norma ISO 5455 se han establecido una serie de escalas recomendades
para la utilización en los dibujos técnicos.
DONDE
VAR = VALOR A REPRESENTAR
VR = VALOR REAL
E = ESCALA
Las escalas a elegir dependen la complejidad del objeto al que queremos
representar, se recomienda que deben ser lo suficientemente grandes para
permitir una interpretación fácil y clara de la información representado se en
una vista de detalle. para aplicaciones especiales la gama de escalas
recomendadas puede ampliarse por su parte inferior y superior a condición de
que se derive de una escala recomendada mediante la multiplicación por una
potencia de 10.
Escala de ampliación 50:1
5:1
20:1
2:1
10:1
Escala de reducción
1:2
1:20
1:200
1:2000
1:5
1:50
1:500
1:5000
1:10
1:100
1:1000
1:10000
Escala natural 1:1

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Introducción escala

  • 1. Introducción El dibujo técnico es un sistema de representación gráfico de diversos tipos de objetos, con el fin de proporcionar información suficiente para facilitar su análisis, ayudar a elaborar su diseño y posibilitar la futura construcción y mantenimiento del mismo. En el presente trabajo de investigación trataremos los temas sobre teoría de escalas y simbología arquitectónica y topográfica con el fin de desarrollar nuestras capacidades de interpretar símbolos y figuras con escalas apropiadas. Dicha información fue obtenida mediante la indagación, análisis en conjunto, búsqueda de fuentes fiables y veraces y redacción. Para efectos del entendimiento hemos explicado minuciosamente la aplicación de escalas a través de ejemplos y la simbología tanto arquitectónica como topográfica a través de sus respectivos dibujos.
  • 2. En el dibujo los objetos no siempre se pueden representar en sus tamaños rales es por esto que se transforman ha objetos representados en otras dimensiones o símbolos para facilitar el trazado y una cómoda lectura del plano. Escalas la escala es una relación que existe entre las dimensiones del dibujo de un objeto y las dimensiones reales de este. La escalase define pordosnúmeros que determinan la relación entre el dibujo y la realidad, donde el primer número da la proposición referente al dibujo en el papel, y el segundo número da la proposición referente a la realidad del objeto. 1 𝐸 = 𝑉𝐴𝑅 𝑉𝑅 TIPOS DE ESCALA  ESCALA NATURAL: las medidas lineales del dibujo coinciden con las medidas reales del objeto, en otras palabras, el dibujo del objeto tiene el mismo tamaño que el real; se representa en Escala 1:1.  ESCALA DE REDUCCION: las medidas lineales del dibujo son menores que las medidas reales del objeto, por ejemplo, Escala 1:2 (las dimensiones del dibujo serán la mitad de las dimensiones serán la mitad de las dimensiones reales del objeto)  ESCALA DE AMPLIACION: las medidas del dibujo son mayores que las medidas reales del objeto, por ejemplo, Escala 2:1. (las medidas del dibujo serán el doble que las dimensiones reales del objeto). En la norma ISO 5455 se han establecido una serie de escalas recomendades para la utilización en los dibujos técnicos. DONDE VAR = VALOR A REPRESENTAR VR = VALOR REAL E = ESCALA
  • 3. Las escalas a elegir dependen la complejidad del objeto al que queremos representar, se recomienda que deben ser lo suficientemente grandes para permitir una interpretación fácil y clara de la información representado se en una vista de detalle. para aplicaciones especiales la gama de escalas recomendadas puede ampliarse por su parte inferior y superior a condición de que se derive de una escala recomendada mediante la multiplicación por una potencia de 10. Escala de ampliación 50:1 5:1 20:1 2:1 10:1 Escala de reducción 1:2 1:20 1:200 1:2000 1:5 1:50 1:500 1:5000 1:10 1:100 1:1000 1:10000 Escala natural 1:1