Introduction to Engineering Drawing

1. LECTURE 1
LECTURE 1
Introduction to Engineering
Introduction to Engineering
Drawing
g
‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫فى‬ ‫مقدمة‬

2. What to study in this lecture?
‫المحاضرة؟‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫فى‬ ‫سندرس‬ ‫ماذا‬
‫المحاضرة؟‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫فى‬ ‫سندرس‬ ‫ماذا‬
E i i d i ‫ند‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ال‬
Drawing standards ‫الرسم‬ ‫معايير‬
Engineering drawing ‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Drawing standards ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫يير‬
Drawing board ‫الخشبية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫لوحة‬
Drawing sheet ‫الورقية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫لوحة‬
Drawing board ‫بي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
Drawing instruments ‫الرسم‬ ‫أدوات‬
Scale ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقياس‬
Letters and Numbers ‫واألرقام‬ ‫الحروف‬
Drawing instruments ‫الرسم‬ ‫أدوات‬
Letters and Numbers ‫واألرقام‬ ‫الحروف‬
Line types ‫الرسم‬ ‫خطوط‬ ‫انواع‬

3. Graphic Language
1 T t it d i ti f
‫والھندسى‬ ‫والتخطيطى‬ ‫البيانى‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫أھمية‬
1. Try to write a description of
this object. ‫كتابيا‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫وصف‬ ‫حاول‬
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch or visualize
from your description.
‫اكت‬ ‫آخ‬ ‫شخ‬
!!!!! ‫ماكتبت‬ ‫يرسم‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫دع‬
!!!!!
You can easily understand that …
The word language is inadequate for describing the size
size,
shape
shape and features
features completely as well as concisely.
shape
shape and features
features completely as well as concisely.
‫الجسم‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بدقة‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫كافية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والناطقة‬ ‫المكتوبة‬ ‫اللغات‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ستكتشف‬

4. Graphic Language in Engineering Drawing
‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫لغة‬
“Engineering drawing” or “blueprint” uses l
lines
ines to
represent the features
features of an object
represent the features
features of an object.
‫المجسم‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫والسمات‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Features of an object are surface
surface (include plane
plane) and
edge
edge. ‫والحواف‬ ‫األسطح‬ ‫ھى‬ ‫مجسم‬ ‫ألى‬ ‫المميزة‬ ‫السمات‬
edge
edge. ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ى‬ ‫يز‬
Surface ‫سطح‬
Edge ‫حافة‬
Edge ‫حافة‬

5. Engineering Drawing METHODS
‫الھندسي‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫طرق‬
A drawing can be created in 3 different ways
‫ختلفة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫تخدا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫كن‬
‫مختلفة‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫يمكن‬
:
1 Freehand sketch ‫اليدوى‬ ‫الرسم‬
1. Freehand sketch ‫اليدوى‬ ‫الرسم‬
2. Using drawing instruments ‫الرسم‬
‫الرسم‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫باستخدام‬
g g ‫م‬
‫م‬ ‫م‬
3. Using computers ‫الرسم‬
‫الحاسبات‬ ‫باستخدام‬
(SolidEdge, SolidWork, AutoCad, MasterCad, ….)

6. Drawing by using hands
‫د‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ال‬
Freehand sketch ‫اليدوى‬ ‫الرسم‬
The lines are drawn using only pencil and erasers on a blank or grid
paper.
‫وممحاة‬ ‫رصاص‬ ‫اقالم‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫ترسم‬
)
‫استيكة‬
(
‫مربعات‬ ‫ورقة‬ ‫او‬ ‫بيضاء‬ ‫ورقة‬ ‫على‬
Pictorial sketch
‫التصويرى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Orthographic sketch
‫المتعامد‬ ‫او‬ ‫التعامدى‬ ‫الرسم‬

7. Drawing by using tools
‫الرسم‬
‫األدوات‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬
Drawing instruments are used to draw
straight lines circles and curves concisely
concisely
straight lines, circles, and curves concisely
concisely
and accurately
accurately.

‫والدوائر‬ ‫المستقيمة‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫لرسم‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫أدوات‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫واحكام‬ ‫بدقة‬ ‫والمنحنيات‬
Drawings are usually made to scale
made to scale.

‫الرسم‬
‫الھندسى‬
‫عادة‬
‫مايتم‬
‫عمله‬
‫بمقياس‬
‫رسم‬

8. Drawing by using computers
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫تخدا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬
‫الحاسبات‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫الرسم‬
Comp ter aided drafting (CAD) soft are is sed
Computer aided drafting (CAD) software is used.
‫الحاسب‬ ‫بمساعدة‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫برامج‬ ‫استخدام‬
2D drawing Solid modeling
2D drawing
‫اثنين‬ ‫بعدين‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Solid modeling
3D drawing
‫ابعاد‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الرسم‬

9. Basic Elements of a Drawing
‫األساسية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫عناصر‬
‫األساسية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫عناصر‬
A clear and precise engineering drawing requires both
graphics
graphics and word
word languages
graphics
graphics and word
word languages.
‫الكالم‬ ‫ولغة‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫لغة‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يتطلب‬ ‫والدقيق‬ ‫الواضح‬ ‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Graphics language
D ib h ( i l )
Describe a shape (mainly).
‫الشكل‬ ‫تصف‬ ‫التخطيطة‬ ‫اللغة‬
Word language
Describe an exact size
Describe an exact size,
location and specification
of the object.
‫والوضع‬ ‫الحجم‬ ‫بدقة‬ ‫تصف‬ ‫الكالمية‬ ‫اللغة‬
‫والوضع‬ ‫الحجم‬ ‫بدقة‬ ‫تصف‬ ‫الكالمية‬ ‫اللغة‬
‫للجسم‬ ‫والمواصفة‬

10. Elements of an engineering drawing
‫الرسم‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫مكونات‬
‫الرسم‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫مكونات‬
Engineering Drawing
‫الھندس‬ ‫الرسم‬
‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Graphics language
‫الخطوط‬ ‫لغة‬
Word language
‫الكالم‬ ‫لغة‬
Dimensions & Notes
Geometric
Construction
‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الشكل‬
Projection
Method
‫ة‬
Dimensions & Notes
‫والمالحظات‬ ‫األبعاد‬
‫الھندسى‬ ‫الشكل‬
Using line types
‫الخطوط‬ ‫أنواع‬
Visualization
‫والتخيل‬ ‫التصور‬
‫اإلسقاط‬ ‫طريقة‬
Visualization
Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that do not exists
‫الخطوط‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫والتخيل‬ ‫التصور‬
Visualization
Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that do not exists.

11. Drawing standards
Drawing standards
‫معايير‬
‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬
Drawing standards are set of rules
set of rules that govern how
technical drawings are represented.
‫الرسم‬ ‫وتمثيل‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫لكيفية‬ ‫الحاكمة‬ ‫القواعد‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫ھى‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫معايير‬
‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫يل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ھى‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫يير‬
‫والفنى‬ ‫التقنى‬
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
convey
the same meaning
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
the same meaning
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
‫الرسم‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫يقرأ‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫من‬ ‫تمكن‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫معايير‬

12. Standard Code
Standard Code
Country Code Full name
ANSI American National Standard Institute
USA
Country Code Full name
USA
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
Japan
BS British Standard
UK BS British Standard
UK
AS Australian Standard
Australia
ISO I t ti l St d d O i ti
Deutsches Institut für Normung
DIN
Germany
ISO International Standards Organization

13. Standard Drawing Sheets
‫القياسية‬ ‫الورقية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫لوحات‬
‫القياسية‬ ‫الورقية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫لوحات‬
Trimmed paper of A4
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
A4 210 x 297
A2
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
A0 841 x 1189
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
A0

14. Drawing Sheet : Orientation & Margin
‫الورقية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫ورقة‬
:
‫والبراويز‬ ‫التوجية‬
c
1. Type X (A0~A4)
Sheet size c (mm) d (mm)
‫ي‬ ‫ور‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ور‬
:
‫ويز‬ ‫بر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وجي‬
Drawing space
d c
Border
A4 10 25
A3 10 25
Drawing space
lines
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
Title block
‫ال‬ ‫ل‬
c
2 T Y (A4 l )
A0 20 25
‫الرسم‬ ‫جدول‬
d
2. Type Y (A4 only)
Drawing
space
d
Title block
‫الرسم‬ ‫جدول‬

15. Drawing Scales: ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقياس‬ ‫تعريف‬
Length size
Scale
Scale is a ratio between the linear dimension of a
drawn representation of an object and the actual object
Length, size
drawn representation of an object and the actual object.
‫الجسم‬ ‫وأبعاد‬ ‫الورق‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫خطوط‬ ‫ابعاد‬ ‫بين‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقياس‬
‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ال‬
‫الحقيقية‬
:
1 2
Drawing Actual
Drawing
‫المرسوم‬
Actual
‫الحقيقى‬

16. Drawing Scales DESIGNS
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
g
‫مقاييس‬ ‫تصميم‬
‫الرسم‬
Designation of a scale consists of the word SCALE
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows
‫كلمة‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫يعنى‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقياس‬ ‫تصميم‬
SCALE
‫كالتالى‬ ‫المقياس‬ ‫بنسبة‬ ‫متبوعة‬
:
SCALE X
X : 1 (
(X =
X = 1
1) for a full
) for a full-
-size scale
size scale ‫كامل‬ ‫مقياس‬
SCALE X
X : 1 (
(X >
X > 1
1) for an enlargement scale
) for an enlargement scale ‫تكبير‬ ‫مقياس‬
SCALE X
X : 1 (
(X >
X > 1
1) for an enlargement scale
) for an enlargement scale ‫بير‬ ‫س‬ ‫ي‬
SCALE 1 : X
X (
(X >
X > 1
1) for a reduction scale
) for a reduction scale ‫تصغير‬ ‫مقياس‬
Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block
Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block.
‫الرسم‬ ‫جدول‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقياس‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫ويتم‬

17. Drawing Scales Note:
Drawing Scales Note:
‫مالحظة‬
‫الرسم‬ ‫مقياس‬ ‫على‬ ‫ھامة‬
Dimension numbers
Dimension numbers shown in the drawing represent
the “true size” of an object and they are independent of
j y p
the drawing scale used.
‫لل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اد‬ ‫األ‬ ‫ثل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫نة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اد‬ ‫األ‬
‫للجسم‬ ‫الحقيقية‬ ‫األبعاد‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫على‬ ‫المبينة‬ ‫األبعاد‬
‫عالقة‬ ‫لھم‬ ‫وليس‬
‫الرسم‬ ‫بمقياس‬
‫المستخدم‬ ‫عالقة‬ ‫لھم‬ ‫وليس‬
‫الرسم‬ ‫بمقياس‬
‫المستخدم‬

18. Drawing Scales Standards
S d d d i l
‫المعيارية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقاييس‬
Standard reducing scales are
‫المعيارية‬ ‫التصغيرية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقاييس‬
1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100
Standard enlarging scales are
‫المعيارية‬ ‫التكبيرية‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫مقاييس‬
‫ري‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بيري‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ييس‬
2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, 100:1

19. Writing Letters and Numbers
‫واألرقا‬ ‫الحروف‬ ‫كتابة‬
‫واألرقام‬ ‫الحروف‬ ‫كتابة‬
Text’s style on the drawing
must have the following Examples
must have the following
2 properties
‫ھامتين‬ ‫خاصتين‬ ‫لھا‬ ‫الحروف‬ ‫كتابة‬
Examples
GOOD
- Shape
Legibility
Legibility
‫ين‬ ‫ين‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ب‬
Not uniform in style.
Not uniform in height
‫الوضوح‬
- Shape
- Space between letters
- Space between words
Not uniform in height.
Not uniformly vertical
Space between words
Uniformity
Uniformity
Not uniformly vertical.
Not uniform in
‫التجانس‬
- Size (or text height)
- line thickness
y
y Not uniform in
thickness of stroke.
Inappropriate space
‫التجانس‬
between letters

20. Basic Strokes
‫الحروف‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫الخطوط‬
‫الحروف‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫الخطوط‬
Straight
‫تق‬
Slanted
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
Curved
Horizontal
‫افق‬
‫مستقيم‬ ‫مائل‬ ‫افقى‬
“I” letter “A” letter “B” letter
1 1 2 1
4 5
3
3 6
3
2

21. Suggested Strokes Sequence
Upper-case Letters & Numerals
‫الكبيرة‬ ‫واألرقام‬ ‫الحروف‬
gg q
Straight line
Letters
‫الكبيرة‬ ‫واألرقام‬ ‫الحروف‬
Letters
‫من‬ ‫المكونة‬ ‫األحرف‬
‫مستقيمة‬ ‫خطوط‬
Curved line
Curved line
letters
&
Numerals
Numerals
‫التى‬ ‫واألرقام‬ ‫الحروف‬
‫خطوط‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوى‬
‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫منحني‬

22. Lower-case Letters
‫ة‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ال‬
‫الصغيرة‬ ‫الحروف‬

23. Word Composition
‫ة‬ ‫الكل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫تركيب‬
Space between the letters depends on the adjacent
p p j
contour of the letters.
‫لألحرف‬ ‫المتقابلة‬ ‫المسارات‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫احرف‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفراغات‬
DRAWING
Non-uniform
Spacing
‫لألحرف‬ ‫المتقابلة‬ ‫المسارات‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫احرف‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفراغات‬
DRAWING
Spacing
‫غير‬ ‫فراغات‬
‫متجانسة‬
Uniform
Spacing DR A W ING
p g
‫فراغات‬
‫متجانسة‬
DR A W ING
Word having non-uniform spacing is more readable.

24. Word Composition
‫ة‬ ‫الكل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫تركيب‬
DRAWING
Contour
DRAWING
Contour
Contour can be denoted as “straight”, “slant” and “curve”.
g ,
Adjacent contour can be
1 straight straight : II IN IM IP etc
1. straight-straight : II, IN, IM, IP etc.
2. straight-curve (or curve-straight) : IO, QR etc.
3 straight-slant (or slant-straight) : IV IW etc
acing
3. straight slant (or slant straight) : IV, IW etc.
4. curve-curve : OO, OG etc.
5. slant-curve (or curve-slant) : VO, WG, VC etc.
Spa
( )
6. slant-slant : VW, VX etc.

25. Sentence Composition
‫لة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬
Leave the space between words equal to the space
‫الجملة‬ ‫تركيب‬
requires for writing a letter “O”.
‫حرف‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫مسافة‬ ‫تترك‬
“O”
‫متتاليتين‬ ‫كلمتين‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بين‬
Example
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN
MILLIMETERS
O O O
OUNLESS
MILLIMETERS
OUNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
O

26. Basic Types of Lines ‫األساسية‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫انواع‬
Thickness Thick Thin 1. Dimension line
Continuous
Style
Thick Thin
2. Extension line
3. Leader line
Visible line
Continuous
Dash
Chain Center line
Hidden line
represent features that can be seen in the current view.
‫الھندسى‬ ‫الرسم‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ترى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التى‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫السمات‬ ‫يمثل‬
HB or B
1. Visible line
‫الظاھر‬ ‫الخط‬
(0.5-0.7 mm)
indicate the sizes and location of features.
‫ال‬ ‫ات‬ ‫عنا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ضع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫دلل‬
2. Dimension line ‫البعد‬ ‫خط‬
Extension line ‫اإلمتداد‬ ‫خط‬
represent features that can not be seen in the current view
‫الرسم‬ ‫وسمات‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫ونوعية‬ ‫ووضع‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫يبين‬ ‫أو‬ ‫يدلل‬
H or 2H (0.2-0.3 mm)
3. Hidden line
Extension line ‫إل‬
Leader line ‫القائد‬ ‫الخط‬
represent features that can not be seen in the current view.
‫الحالى‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫فى‬ ‫رؤيته‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫الخط‬ ‫يمثل‬
(0.3-0.5 mm) HB or H
represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,
‫المختفى‬ ‫الخط‬
4. Center line
axis of axisymmetrical parts (0.2-0.3 mm)
‫وغيرھا‬ ‫والكرات‬ ‫اإلسطوانات‬ ‫ومحاور‬ ‫الحركة‬ ‫وخط‬ ‫الدوائر‬ ‫محاور‬ ‫عن‬ ‫به‬ ‫ونعبر‬
2H
‫المحور‬ ‫خط‬

27. Basic Types of Lines ‫األساسية‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫انواع‬
Basic Types of Lines ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫و‬

28. Basic Types of Lines ‫األساسية‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫انواع‬

29. ‫مثال‬
١ ‫مثال‬
١

30. ‫مثال‬
٢