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2. +
SCIENCE
systematized or organized body of
knowledge based on observation,
experimentation and study.
comes from the Latin word Scientia
- knowledge or knowing
6. +
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
deals with the study of
non-living things, their
composition, nature,
characteristics, the
changes they have
undergone and the
factors affecting these
changes
7. +
BRANCHES OF
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Chemistry- the
study of “matter”-
its composition,
properties,
structure and the
changes it
undergoes.
13. +
MEASUREMENT
Collection of quantitative
data
Made by comparing an
unknown quantity with a
standard unit
Example:The length of a
piece of string can be
measured by comparing the
string against a meter stick.
www.endlesslift.com
15. + SYSTEMS OF
MEASUREMENT
ENGLISH SYSTEM- most commonly used
in the US.
Disadvantage: units are not systematically
related to each other and require
memorization.
METRIC (SI)- used by the scientist around
the world. Adopted from the French name
Le Systeme Internationale d’ Unites
19. + LENGTH
Measurement of anything from end to end
How long an objects is
The basis of length units for the metric system is
the meter.
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters = 25.4 millimeters
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters
1 yard = 0.91 meters
1 mile = 1.6 kilometers
1 millimeter = 0.04 inches
1 centimeter = .39 inches = 0.0325 feet
1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 kilometer = 0.62 miles
20. + MASS ANDWEIGHT
Mass and weight are not the same thing. Although we often
use the interchangeably, each one has a specific definition
and usage.
Mass- measure of the amount of matter in an object.The
mass of an object is independent of its location.The basic
unit form mass is kilogram (kg) .
Weight- force of attraction between the object and the
earth’s gravity.The weight of an object can vary from place
to place and changes with its location on the Earth.
22. +
TIME
Interval between two occurrences.The
basic unit for time is second.
• 1 minute (60 seconds)
• 1 hour (60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds)
• 1 day (24 hours, or 86,400 seconds)
• 1 week (7 days, or 604,800 seconds)
• 1 month (28-31 days, or 2,419,200-
2,678.400 seconds)
• 1 year (about 365.25 days, or about
31,557,600 seconds)
23. + TEMPERATURE
Measure of how hot or cold an object is.The basic unit for
temperature is Kelvin.
24. +
To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit
To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius
o
C= o
F – 32/ 1.8
To convert from Celsius to Kelvin
K= o
C + 273
To convert from Kelvin to Celsius
o
C= K - 273
o
F= 1.8 (o
C) + 32
32. +
A conversion factor is a term that
converts a quantity in one unit to a
quantity in another unit.
Factor-label method is the
process of using conversion factors
to convert a quantity in one unit to
a quantity in another unit.
CONVERTING UNITS: USING
THE FACTOR-LABEL METHOD
33. +
The conversion factor
must relate the two
quantities in questions.
The conversion factor
must cancel out the
unwanted unit.
34. +
Let’s say we want to convert 130 lb to
kilograms.
130 lb X conversion factor= ____ kg
Two possible conversion factors:
2.21 lb or 1 kg__
1 kg 2.21 lb
35. +
130 lb x 1 kg__ = 59 kg
2.21 lb
Pound (lb) must be the denominator
to cancel the unwanted unit (lb) in the
original quantity.
38. +
AREA
amount of two-dimensional space taken up
by an object
the size of a surface
Area of rectangle(A) = length(l) x width(w)
Area of circle (A)= π × r2
39. + This table lists different area units, and
values that will help you change units of
area measurements:
40. + VOLUME
1 L = 10 dL
1 L = 1000 mL
1 000 L = 1 m3
1 dL = 100 mL
1 mL = 1 cm3
= 1 cc
1 cc = .001 L
1 L= 1 000 cc
41. + DENSITY
Mass per unit volume
Units: g/cc , g/cm3
, g/mL
Formula:
43. +
Using Density to find Volume
Cobalt is a hard magnetic
metal that resembles iron in
appearance. It has a density of
8.90 g/cm3
.What volume would
17.8 g of cobalt have?
44. +
Using Density to find Mass
Mass is the mass of 19.9 cm3
of coal that has a density of
1.50 g/cm3?
45. + SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Scientific notation is a way of expressingScientific notation is a way of expressing
really big numbers or really smallreally big numbers or really small
numbers.numbers.
Scientific Notation always has two parts:
N is the coefficient ( A number between 1 andN is the coefficient ( A number between 1 and
9.9999…)9.9999…)
X is an exponent, which can be any positive orX is an exponent, which can be any positive or
negative whole number.negative whole number.
N x 10N x 10xx
46. +
Writing Scientific Notation
Place the decimal point so that there isPlace the decimal point so that there is oneone
non-zero digit to the left of the decimalnon-zero digit to the left of the decimal
point.point.
Count the number of decimal places theCount the number of decimal places the
decimal point has “moved” from thedecimal point has “moved” from the
original number. This will be the exponentoriginal number. This will be the exponent
on the 10.on the 10.
If the original number was less than 1, thenIf the original number was less than 1, then
the exponent is negative. If the originalthe exponent is negative. If the original
number was greater than 1, then thenumber was greater than 1, then the
exponent is positive.exponent is positive.
49. +
Change Scientific Notation back to
Standard Form
Simply move the decimal point to the right for positiveSimply move the decimal point to the right for positive
exponent 10.exponent 10.
Move the decimal point to the left for negative exponent 10.Move the decimal point to the left for negative exponent 10.
(Use zeros to fill in places.)(Use zeros to fill in places.)
Example:Example:
Given: 5.093 x 10Given: 5.093 x 1066
Move: 6 places to the right (positive)Move: 6 places to the right (positive)
Answer: 5,093,000Answer: 5,093,000
50. +
TRY…
Express in Standard Notation
1. 1.5 x 103
2. 3.4 x 108
3. 6.86 x 10-6
4. 5.822 x 10-5
5. 4.02 x 1010
57. +
Determining the number of
significant figures
Rules:
1.All nonzero digits are significant.
25 L – 2 significant figures
65.2 kg – 3 significant figures
58. 2. Zeros between two nonzero digits
are significant.
29.05 g – 4 significant figures
1.0087 mL – 5 significant figures
59. 3. Leading zeros are not
significant.
0.000000872 miles – 3
significant figures
0.03 mg – 1 significant figure
60. 4. Trailing zeros in a number containing a
decimal point are significant
25.70 lbs – 4 significant figures
708.00 km – 5 significant figures
61. 5. The trailing zeros in which decimal point
is not given/placed indicated that zero/s
is/are not significant.
1, 245, 500 m – 5 significant figures
5280 ft – 3 significant figures
62. +
TRY…
How many significant figures do each
number contain?
1.34.08 L
2.0.0054 mm
3.260.00 g
4.550 miles
5.0.008 mL
63. 6. 3.7500 cm
7. 1,200,000
miles
8. 23.45 lbs
9. 1, 000, 0034 ft
10. 0.001003 mm
64. +
RULES FOR USING SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES IN CALCULATIONS
When adding or subtracting
significant figures, the answer
should have the same number of
decimal places as the original
number with the fewest decimal
places.
65. + Example:
Baby Zayn weighed 3.6 kg at birth and
10.11 kg on his first birthday. How much
weight did he gain in his first year of life.
10.11 kg
- 3.6 kg
6. 51 kg
•The answer can have only one digit after
the decimal point.
•Round 6.51 to 6.5
•Baby Zayn gained 6.5 kg during his first
year of life.
66. +
RULES FOR USING SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES IN CALCULATIONS
When multiplying or dividing
significant figures, the answer
should have the same number of
significant figures as the original
number with the fewest significant
figures.
67. +
TRY…
Solve the following and write you
answer in correct significant
figure.
1. 8.937 + 8.930=
2. 0.00015 x 54.6=
3. 847.89 - 847.73=
4. 3.2 / 1.60 =
5. 7.1 x 10=