This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
The presentation covers, Dimensions and standards, SI Unit system, Definition of basic units, SI Temperature Scale, Other Unit System, Non SI Units in common Uses, Scientific Notations, Prefixes, Significant figures
This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
The presentation covers, Dimensions and standards, SI Unit system, Definition of basic units, SI Temperature Scale, Other Unit System, Non SI Units in common Uses, Scientific Notations, Prefixes, Significant figures
Principles of measurement including accuracy, precision and significant figures.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
2. Units and the Metric System
• This is material covered in Appendix A of
the textbook.
• The (probably) more familiar units are the
USCS: United States Customary System.
• The metric system is also known as the
International System or SI system.
3. Why Why Why?
• Why use the metric system when you are
more familiar with the U.S. system?
1. The metric system is the better system.
2. The metric system is the standard
throughout the rest of the world.
3. Anyone doing or learning science needs to
learn the metric system.
4. Standard (or Base) Units
• USCS
Length foot (ft)
Force pound (lb)
Time second (sec)
Note: the pound is a unit
of force, not mass.
• SI
Length meter (m)
Mass kilogram (kg)
Time second (s)
Same time unit in both
systems.
5. Better? Why?
• Why is the metric system a “better” system
than the USCS?
• Not because the meter is better than the
foot.
• What makes the metric system better are the
metric prefixes used to construct larger and
smaller size units.
6. Prefix Advantages
• The same prefixes are used with all units to
make the new, larger or smaller, units.
• And the new units are always simple
multiples of 10 (or 100 or 1000 etc.) larger
or smaller.
7. Micro prefix
• micro- makes a new unit 1,000,000 times
smaller.
Microgram, microsecond, micrometer,
microliter, microvolt, microphone (whoops,
ignore that last one).
1 microgram = .000001 grams = 1 µg
8. Milli prefix
• milli- makes a new unit 1/1000 times the
size of the original unit.
Milligram, millisecond, millimeter, milliliter,
millidegree, milliamp, millipede (oops).
1 millisecond = .001 seconds = 1 ms
9. Centi prefix
• centi- makes a new unit 1/100 (.01) the
size when in front of anything.
Centimeter, centigram, centisecond,
centidegree, centijoule.
1 centimeter = .01 meters = 1 cm
10. Kilo prefix
• kilo- make a new unit 1000 times larger.
Kilogram, kilometer, kilosecond, kilopound,
kilowatt, kilovolt.
1 kilogram = 1000 grams = 1 kg
11. Mega prefix
• mega- makes a new unit 1,000,000 times
larger.
Megameter, megasecond, megagram,
megahertz, megaton, megaparsec.
1 megaton = 1,000,000 tons = 1 Mton
12. Standard Prefixes
• Whatever unit you want larger or smaller
versions of, you use the same prefixes.
• Not like the USCS where every unit works
differently (like inch-foot-yard-mile or
ounce-pint-quart-gallon).
13. Learn the Metric System!
• Learn the prefixes we’ve talked about and
how much each stands for.
• You’ll need to know the metric system for
homework, labs, and exams.
14. MKS vs CGS
• In the mks version of
the metric system, the
meter, kilogram, and
second are considered
the “fundamental”
units.
• In the cgs version, the
“fundamental” units
are centimeters,
grams, and seconds.
• Does it matter which
is fundamental? No!
15. We will use mks system
• The systems do differ when you talk about
derived units (units that are combinations of
the base units).
• mks: force – newtons, energy – joules
• cgs: force – dynes, energy – ergs
• We’ll use mks, newtons and joules.
16. Conversion of Units
• A very important mathematical technique is
being able to convert units.
• Meaning, being able to take a value
expressed in one unit and figure out its
equivalence expressed in a different unit.
17. Sample Conversion Problems
• For example, you might want to know
– What is 5 kilometers in miles?
– What is 100 meters in yards?
– How many ounces are in one liter?
– What is 90 kg in pounds?
– How many minutes is 505 seconds?
– How many meters is 345 centimeters?
18. Basic Method
• Look up the equivalence that relates the two
units you are trying to convert between.
• Such as, 1 ft = 12 in or 1 km = 1000 m
• This equivalence is then used to construct a
“conversion factor”, a fraction with one of
the values on top and the other on the
bottom.
19. Conversion Factors
( )1 ft
12 in ( )12 in
1 ft ( )1000 m
1 km
or or
What makes these conversion factors
special is that each is equal to one (because
numerator and denominator are the same!).
Mathematically, this means we can multiply
them anywhere, anytime, without changing
the value.
20. Sample Problem with Solution
Problem: How many inches are in 15 feet?
That is, we are trying to convert 15 ft into the
equivalent number of inches.
Solution: Create an equality, 15 ft = 15 ft
Then multiply by a conversion factor that will cancel
the ‘ft’ and give ‘in’ instead.
21. 15 ft = 15 ft = 180 in
Note how I chose the conversion factor with ft
on the bottom so that the ft would cancel.
My original, trivial, 15 ft = 15 ft equality is still
valid even though I multiplied on the right side
only because I multiplied by a factor of one.
( )12 in
1 ft
22. New Problem with a Twist
Problem: What is an area of 100 square feet (10 ft by
10 ft or 100 standard floor tiles) in units of square
inches?
Solution: Start with 100 ft2
= 100 ft2
(ft2
= ft x ft, an area unit).
The twist? To do this conversion we have to multiply
by the conversion factor twice.
23. 100 ft2
= 100 ft2
= 14,400 in2
The ft2
unit is really two factors of ft, so I had to
convert both of them.
In converting volumes, there would be three
length units to convert.
( )12 in
1 ft ( )12 in
1 ft
24. Problem with a Different Twist
Problem: How many seconds are there in one year?
That is, we are converting the duration of 1 yr
into the equivalent number of seconds.
Solution: Start with 1 yr = 1 yr
The twist? I don’t know the equivalence factor
between years and seconds (that is what we are trying
to figure out).
Instead, I can do this with a chain of conversions.
25. 1 yr = 1 yr
= 31536000 s = 31,536,000 s
= 3.15 x 107
s
I didn’t know the direct conversion from
years to seconds but I knew the intermediate
conversions.
Note that I figured out what to put on top
and bottom based on how units will cancel.
( )365 day
1 yr ( )24 hr
1 day ( )60 min
1 hr ( )60 s
1 min
26. Unit Conversion Summary
• Converting units is a very common
problem, especially in labs.
• I urge you to carefully follow the method
I’ve outlined here.
• Students who have trouble usually don’t
write the steps down and instead try just to
do it in their head.
27. Practice Problems (do now!)
1. What is 5 kilometers in miles?
(1 mi = 1.609 km)
2. What is 60 mi/hr in km/hr?
3. What is 1 m/s in mi/hr? (1 km = 1000 m)
4. What is 500,000 ft3
in m3
? (1 m = 3.28 ft)
5. What is 32.2 ft/s2
in cm/s2
?
(100 cm = 3.28 ft)
29. Scientific Notation
• Powers-of-ten notation:
– 105
means 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 100,000
– 1024
= 1 followed by 24 zeroes
– 10-1
= 1/10 = 0.1
– 10-4
= 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10 = 1/10,000 =
0.0001
– 3.21 x 103
= 3.21 x 1000 = 3,210
– 3.21 x 10-5
= 0.0000321
30. Scientific Notation Advantages
• Scientific (or powers-of-ten) notation is a
simple way to write out very large or very
small numbers.
• While we won’t be doing much math this
quarter, you will be expected to recognize
and understand values written in scientific
notation when you see them.
• And if you need to do a calculation…
31. Sci Not on your Calculator
• All scientific calculators come with a
shortcut button for inputting numbers
written in scientific notation.
• Look on your calculator for a button labeled
“E”, “EE”, or “Exp”.
– I’ll assume it’s called “EE” in the following.
• To enter the value 4.2 x 1015
into your
calculator, you push “4 . 2 EE 1 5”
32. Sample Problem
• Calculate 4.2 x 1015
/ 2.1 x 10-5
• Solution: Push “4 . 2 EE 1 5 / 2 . 1 EE +/- 5”
• Answer: 2 x 1020
• Notes: If your calculator says “2 20
”, you
need to realize that that means 2 x 1020
.
• Without the EE button, you’d have to push
“4 . 2 x 1 0 ^ 1 5 / ( 2 . 1 x 1 0 ^ +/- 5 )” and
you would get the wrong answer without the
parentheses.
33. Practice Problems
6. Simplify (2 x 1010
) x (3 x 1020
)
7. Simplify (25 x 1010
) / (5 x 1012
)
8. Simplify (6.02 x 1023
) (105
)
18
• Hint: 105
is “1 EE 5” or “1 0 ^ 5”, not “1 0 EE
5”
9. Simplify 4 (1.496 x 10π 8
)2
10. Simplify 1.05 x 10-22
(10-14
) (4.32 x 10-9
)
34. Answers
6. 6 x 1030
7. .05 ( = 5 x 10-2
)
8. 3.34 x 1027
9. 2.81 x 1017
10. 2.43
One way to do #10: “1 . 0 5 EE - 2 2 / 1
EE - 1 4 / 4 . 3 2 EE - 9 =”
35. Combined Units
• We learned about base units (kg, m, s)
before, but some types of quantities have
units that are combinations of these.
• Speed or velocity units: distance/time,
units like mi/hr, m/s, or km/min.
• Acceleration units: distance/time/time,
units like m/s2
, mi/hr/sec, or ft/s2
.
36. More Combined Units
• The metric unit of force, the newton (N), is
a combined unit: N = kg m / s2
• The USCS units of mass, the slug, is a
combined unit: slug = lb s2
/ ft
• The metric unit of energy, the joule (J), is a
combined unit: J = kg m2
/ s2
– This can also be written as J = N m
37. Still More Combined Units
• The USCS unit of energy is the (lb ft), a
combined unit without a special name.
• The metric unit of momentum is the (kg
m/s), a combined unit without a special
name.
• Area units are distance x distance, like m2
.
• Volume units are distance cubed, like m3
.
38. Temperature Units
• There are three commonly used temperature
scales: Fahrenheit (°F), Celsius (°C), and
Kelvin (K), these will be discussed in more
detail in chapter 7.
• The conversion formulae:
– C = (5/9) (F - 32)
– F = (9/5) C + 32
– C = K -273 K = C + 273
39. Practice Problems
11. Simplify (N m3
) / (kg m/s)
[N = kg m / s2
]
12. Convert 78°F into °C
[C = (5/9) (F - 32)]
13. Convert the answer in the previous
problem into K
[K = C + 273]
40. Answers
11. (N m3
) / (kg m/s) = (kg m4
/ s2
) / (kg m/s) =
m3
/s
12. C = (5/9) (78 - 32) = (5/9) (46) = 25.6
13. K = 25.6 + 273 = 298.6
There’s more?? Will this day never end?
Okay, maybe we should take a short break before
reviewing basic algebra and doing review for the
first exam.
41. Algebra Review
• Algebra is the manipulation of an equation
to solve for an unknown.
• The basic rule is that the equality remains
valid so long as you do the same thing to
both sides of the equation.
• Example: 4 x = 12, solve for x.
• Solution: Divide both sides by 4 and you
get x = 12/4 = 3
42. • Example: (3/x) = 15, solve for x.
• Solution: Multiply both sides by x, giving
15 x = 3, then divide both sides by 15,
x = 3/15 = 0.2
– Alternate solution 1. Think of the 15 as being
(15/1) and cross-multiply.
– Alternate solution 2. Again think of 15 as
(15/1) and ‘flip’ both sides [giving (x/3) =
(1/15), then multiply both sides by 3].
43. • Example: y4
= 1.6 x 108
, solve for y.
• Solution: Take the “fourth-root” of both
sides of the equation. This can be done by
using either a “x
y” button on your√
calculator or by raising both sides of the
equation by the (1/4) power.
y = (1.6 x 108
)1/4
= 112.5
44. Practice Problems
14. (1/x) = 16, solve for x.
15. x3
= 216, solve for x.
16. 20 x2
= 4000, solve for x.
Yeah, I’m getting tired too. So that’s enough
algebra. Now lets talk about the exam.