The document provides an overview of ad hoc networks, describing their decentralized nature and operation, including mobile and multi-hop communications. It discusses various types of ad hoc networks and identifies key issues such as network topology changes, scalability, and energy constraints that affect implementation. Applications of ad hoc networks are highlighted, including military use, disaster recovery, and personal device connectivity.

1. Mangesh Prakash Vasu
3 Rd Year B.E
Dept. Of Computer Science And Engineering,
College Of Engineering And Tech Akola
Ad Hoc Networks:
Overview, Applications And Issues

2. Contents
Introduction
Definition
Ad hoc Networks – Operating Principle
Ad hoc networking issues
Applications

3.  Decentralized Type Of Wireless Network
 It Consists Of Mobile Node
Ex- Bluetooth Enabled Mobile Phones Such As 3G, Laptops.
 The Nodes Are Short Life Forming Temporary Network
 The Ad-hoc Network Does Not Have Any Centralized
Structure

4.  The Ad-hoc Network Does Not Have Any Network Infrastructure
 The Determination Of Nodes Is Made Dynamically Base On Network
Connectivity
 Ad-hoc Network Are Peer-to-peer Network
Types Of Wireless Ad- Hoc Networks
 Wireless Mesh Network
 Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
 Wireless Sensor Network (VSN)
 Vehicular Ad- Hoc Network (VANET) Ad Hoc Networks
 Intelligent Vehicle Ad-hoc Network( In VANET)

5. definition :-
• A decentralized type of wireless network, allowing
people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with
no pre-existing communication infrastructure, It can turn the
dream of networking at any place and at time into reality. We
are almost there by the way .Ex- Bluetooth enabled mobile
phones such as 3G, laptops, handheld digital devices,
personal digital assistants, or wearable computers

6. Ad hoc Networks – Operating Principle
Single hop communication:-
Mobile node A communicates
directly with Mobile node B when a channel is available.

7. Ad hoc Networks – Operating Principle
Multi-hop communication:-
If Channel is not available, then multi-hop
communication is necessary
E.g.- A  C  D E For multi-hop communication to work, the intermediate
nodes should route the packet i.e. they should act as a router.
For communication between node A  node E, C,D act as router .

8. Ad hoc networking issues
I. Autonomous and infrastructure-less :-
a) distributed peer-to-peer mode
b) independent router
II. Multi-hop routing : -
a) No default router available,
b) every node acts as a router
III. Dynamically changing network topologies :-
network topology can change frequently and
unpredictably

9. IV. Variation in link and node capabilities: -
a)Each node may be equipped with one or more radio interfaces possibly
asymmetric links.
b) different software/hardware configuration.
c) Designing network protocols can be complex.
V. Energy constrained operation: -
a) mobile node have limited power supply, processing power is limited.
b)limits services and applications.
VI. Network scalability :-
a) A system whose performance improves after adding hardware,
proportionally to the capacity added, is said to be a scalable system
b) An algorithm design, networking ,protocol, program, or other system is said
to scale if it is suitably efficient and practical when applied to large situations
(e.g. a large input data set, a large number of outputs or users, or a large
number of participating nodes in the case of a distributed system).
Ad hoc networking issues

10. Applications of ad hoc networks :-
Military operations
Bluetooth for personal use
Disaster recovery environments
Small wireless networks

11. Conclusions:-
It can be concluded that the ad-hoc networks are very
useful but the effective deployment needs effective
solutions for the issues fault detection and
management, Network scalability , pocket losses etc.

12. Questions ?
.

13. Thank you
14 march 2014 presentation at Rajarshri shahu college of
Engineering , Buldhana