The document discusses different types of wireless networks including Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). It provides an overview of the key characteristics of each network type, such as their topology, communication paradigms, and constraints. MANETs allow nodes to connect and communicate in a decentralized manner without infrastructure support. WSNs consist of dense deployments of low-cost sensor nodes that collect and transmit data. VANETs are similar to MANETs but involve vehicle-to-vehicle communication and have more predictable mobility patterns.

1. Adhoc Technologies
MANET
WSN
VANET
By Shashi Gurung
Assistant Professor
CTIEMT

2. 2
Introduction MANET
• A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an autonomous
system of nodes (MSs) connected by wireless links.
• A MANET does not necessarily need support from any
existing network infrastructure like an Internet gateway
or other fixed stations.
• The network’s wireless topology may dynamically change
in an unpredictable manner since nodes are free to move.
• Information is transmitted in a store-and forward manner
using multi hop routing.

3. 3
Introduction (Cont’d)
• Each node is equipped with a wireless transmitter and
a receiver with an appropriate antenna.
• We assume that it is not possible to have all nodes
within each other’s radio range.
• When the nodes are close-by i.e., within radio range,
there are no routing issues to be addressed.
• At a given point in time, wireless connectivity in the
form of a random multi-hop graph exists between the
nodes.

4. 4
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network
MS3
MS2
MS4
MS1
MS5
MS6
MS2
Asymmetric link
Symmetric link MS7

5. Characteristics of Ad Hoc Networks
5
• Dynamic topologies: Network topology may change
dynamically as the nodes are free to move.
• Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links:
Realized throughput of wireless communication is
less than the radio’s maximum transmission rate.
Collision occurs frequently.
• Energy-constrained operation: Some nodes in the
ad hoc network may rely on batteries or other
exhaustible means for their energy.
• Limited physical security: More prone to physical
security threats than fixed cable networks.

6. Introduction to WSN
• A sensor network is composed of a large number of
sensor nodes,
– which are densely deployed either inside the
phenomenon or very close to it.
• It consist of A large number of low-cost, low-power,
multifunctional, and small sensor nodes.
• Sensor node consists of sensing, data processing, and
communicating components

7. Introduction
• The differences between sensor networks and
ad hoc networks are outlined below:
– The number of sensor nodes in a sensor network
is much more than the nodes in an ad hoc
network.
– Sensor nodes are densely deployed.
– Sensor nodes are prone to failures.
– The topology of a sensor network changes very
frequently.

8. Introduction
• The differences between sensor networks and
ad hoc networks are outlined below:
– Sensor nodes mainly use broadcast
communication paradigm whereas most ad hoc
networks are based on point-to-point
communications.
– Sensor nodes are limited in power, computational
capacities, and memory.

9. Sensor networks communication architecture
Each of these scattered sensor nodes has the
capabilities to collect data and route data back to the
sink
The sensor nodes are usually scattered in a sensor field
The sink may communicate
with the task manager node
via Internet or Satellite.

10. VANET
• A VANET consists of vehicles to form a network
which is similar to a Mobile Ad Hoc Network
(MANET). However, there are following differences
between these two networks.
– Vehicles mobility
• Vehicles move at high speed but mobility is regular and
predictable
– Network topology
• High speed movement makes network topology dynamic
– No significant power constraint
• Recharging batteries from vehicle
– Localization
• Vehicles position estimate accurately through GPS systems or on-board
sensors

11. VANET
Roadside
base station
Inter-vehicle
communications
Vehicle-to-roadside
communications
Emergency
event

12. • THANKYOU