The document discusses digital photography concepts including ISO, aperture (f-stop), and shutter speed. It explains how ISO affects light sensitivity, how smaller f-stop numbers admit more light, and how faster shutter speeds can freeze motion while slower shutter speeds blur it. Combining an appropriate f-stop and shutter speed is necessary for a proper exposure.

1. Intro to Digital Photography

2. Camera

3. More Camera Functions

8. More on F-stop 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 The numbers below are the f-stops on the camera. While the image references a lens from a 35mm camera, the concept is the same in digital. Note that the smaller numbers correspond to the larger openings

9. What the numbers mean to the picture . . .. 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 More Light Less Light Selective Focus (Sel Foc) Depth of Field DOF More appears To be in focus Less appears To be in focus

10. Focal Plane The focal plane is the plane on which the camera is truly focused. The remainder of the picture that “ appears ” in focus is your depth of field . This can be a shallow depth of field, where only a little bit of distance (depth) is in focus, or great depth of field, where more or all of the image appears to be in focus. We call a shallow depth of field shot “ selective focus ” and a great depth of field shot “ DOF ” .

11. Note the difference in the amount of the page that is in focus. The focal plane, or point of focus remains the same, but the distance on the page that appears in focus increases as the f-stop size decreases (number increases) ALSO NOTICE that the amount of image area that appears to be in focus is broken up so that you get 1/3 of the total depth of field in FRONT of the focal plane and 2/3 of it in BACK of the focal plane Red line represents focal plane

14. Depth of field Selective Focus

15. Selective Focus Examples

16. Depth of Field Examples

18. Shutter Speeds B 4’ 2’ 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 2000 Shutter speed numbers are fractions of a second . That means that the number 30 is actually a 1/30th of a second exposure. The light will be striking the film for 1/30th of a second. The numbers above are full stops - you may have several more available to you in between these. The B setting is for BULB , which allows the photographer to make exposures for longer than the last shutter speed available on your camera, which may be as long as 15 or 30 seconds. This is necessary for night photography, or where there is a low level of light, or if the goal is to blur something moving at a relatively slow pace.

20. What the Speeds MEAN 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 2000 Tripod is necessary Safe to hand hold the camera *The shutter speed must be equal to or higher than the focal length of the lens to avoid CAMERA SHAKE. 60 - will stop someone walking 125 - will stop someone running 250 - will stop someone on a bike or skateboard 500 - will stop a horse galloping 1000 - will stop water splashing or the wings Of a hummingbird

22. Stop Action

23. Blurred Motion

24. Extended Shutter Speeds with a tripod

27. If your meter reading is F-8 at 60, what are other setting combinations that will result in the SAME exposure? 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 B 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 1. IF you wanted a stop action of a galloping horse, what would your settings be? 2. If you wanted a shot with maximum depth of field, what would your settings be?