Basic principles of photography. David Capel. 346B IST.
Latin “Camera Obscura” = “Dark Room”
Light passing through a small hole produces an inverted image on the opposite wall
Basic Photography Workshop
Part I:
• What is Photography? (General definition)
• Why would you choose Photography?
• Types of Photography
• Tools of Photography
• Physical appearance of a DSLR
• Lens (Short overview)
Part II:
• Exposure
• How to manipulate exposure
• Aperture
• Shutter Speed
• ISO
• Mode dials (Short Overview)
• Composition and its Types
• Demonstration
Tutorial 1 - Basics of Digital PhotographyFahad Golra
In the second session of this 5 session workshop, I am going to explain the photography gear (lens) with special focus on focal length and maximum aperture. Then we will discuss about the introduction of exposure in photography.
A Complete Guide to Manual DSLR PhotographyLearnPick
It’s a commonly known fact that most beginner photographers use the auto mode on their DSLR cameras to click snapshots in the best possible manner.
It’s a fair enough practice; there’s no denying this fact but, at the same time, you must also remember that the auto mode of a DSLR doesn’t use the camera to its full potential.
So if you are willing to step out of your comfort zone to the "manual” mode, this presentation can help.
Lighting Techniques in Photography
Natural Lights Vs Artificial Lights
Lighting Concepts
Three Point Lighting Techniques
Use of Three Points Lighting
Essentials rules of Lights in Photography
Importance of Light in Photography
Square Inverse Law
Jamel gantt- Know More About Computer GraphicsJamel Gantt
Jamel Gantt has the abilities to report images to increase magazine and commercial techniques. She knows that many of us are distressing when expert with obtaining our photo acquired, but he has a capability of easily placing people at comfort to provide excellent, normal images.
Basic Photography Workshop
Part I:
• What is Photography? (General definition)
• Why would you choose Photography?
• Types of Photography
• Tools of Photography
• Physical appearance of a DSLR
• Lens (Short overview)
Part II:
• Exposure
• How to manipulate exposure
• Aperture
• Shutter Speed
• ISO
• Mode dials (Short Overview)
• Composition and its Types
• Demonstration
Tutorial 1 - Basics of Digital PhotographyFahad Golra
In the second session of this 5 session workshop, I am going to explain the photography gear (lens) with special focus on focal length and maximum aperture. Then we will discuss about the introduction of exposure in photography.
A Complete Guide to Manual DSLR PhotographyLearnPick
It’s a commonly known fact that most beginner photographers use the auto mode on their DSLR cameras to click snapshots in the best possible manner.
It’s a fair enough practice; there’s no denying this fact but, at the same time, you must also remember that the auto mode of a DSLR doesn’t use the camera to its full potential.
So if you are willing to step out of your comfort zone to the "manual” mode, this presentation can help.
Lighting Techniques in Photography
Natural Lights Vs Artificial Lights
Lighting Concepts
Three Point Lighting Techniques
Use of Three Points Lighting
Essentials rules of Lights in Photography
Importance of Light in Photography
Square Inverse Law
Jamel gantt- Know More About Computer GraphicsJamel Gantt
Jamel Gantt has the abilities to report images to increase magazine and commercial techniques. She knows that many of us are distressing when expert with obtaining our photo acquired, but he has a capability of easily placing people at comfort to provide excellent, normal images.
Name - Aveek Gupta
Mechanical Engineering student form Surendra Institute of Engineering and management.
This was a Humanities assignment we had to do and present it in form of a seminar.
Feel free to download and use.
I presented Photo Basics to a room full of pizza eating designers, researchers, and engineers as part of a series of lunch time presentations at Insight Product Development. The focus was on covering the basics that would lay the groundwork for a specialized lighting workshop targeted at improved photography for each discipline's needs.
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To begin our lecturers, Marc Dusseiller aka "dusjagr" and Rodrigo Martin Iglesias, will give an overview of their transdisciplinary practices, including the history of hackteria, a global network for sharing knowledge to involve artists in hands-on and Do-It-With-Others (DIWO) working with the lifesciences, and reflections on future scenarios from the 8-bit computer games of the 80ies to current real-world endeavous of genetically modifiying the human species.
We will then follow up with discussions and hands-on experiments on working with embryos, ovums, gametes, genetic materials from code to slime, in a creative and playful workshop setup, where all paticipant can collaborate on artistic interventions into the germline of a post-human future.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
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10. Modern film technology
A substrate coated with light-sensitive
chemicals
Early photographers used silver halides
on a mirror-polished hard surface
Modern color film attaches dye
molecules to achieve sensitivity to
different wavelengths of light
May employ over 200 chemicals and 12
different wavelength bands!
11. Digital cameras employ an electronic sensor consisting
of a large number of square cells or “pixels”
Photons hitting a cell create an electrical charge
Accumulated charge is proportional to amount of light
Color sensors employ a mosaic of Red,Green,Blue
dyed cells (Color Filter Array). Requires interpolation to
recover the color image.
CCD or CMOS sensor Color Filter Array
13. Pinhole cameras
The camera obscura is an example of a “pinhole camera”
Each point on the film is illuminated from a single direction
Simplest and earliest practical camera
focal length f
scene
pinhole (aperture)
image
sensorsizes
film/sensor
light rays
16. So use a bigger pinhole?
Problem: Tiny aperture means little light hits film
17. So use a bigger pinhole?
Each point on film sees rays from multiple directions
Result: a blurry image!
Problem: Tiny aperture means little light hits film
18. Answer: add a lens!
Rays from a single point are focussed at a point
Result: a sharper image
19. Parallel rays converge on a plane at focal length f
focal length f
Thin lens optics
To focus on objects at “infinity”, place film at
distance f behind lens
20. f
1
D’ D
1 1
f
+ =
D
f
D’
Thin lens optics
Points at distance D are focussed on a plane at D’
To focus on objects at distance D, place film
at distance D’ behind lens
21. When you turn the focus ring ...
out of focus in focus
... you move the focal plane
23. Field of view
2f
scene
filmimage
If we double focal length, we halve the field of view
Long focal length = narrow field of view
Short focal length = wide field of view
24. f
s a
s
2f
a = 2 arctan
Angular field of view
Field of view
For known film size s and focal length f ...
25. 36 mm
24mm
35mm
35 mm film (aka 135)
35mm is by far the most common film format
Each recorded image is actually 36 x 24 mm
26. 28 mm focal length, 65.5° × 46.4° 50 mm focal length, 39.6° × 27.0°
70 mm focal length, 28.9° × 19.5° 210 mm focal length, 9.8° × 6.5°
Examples: 35mm film, various focal lengths ...
27. Perspective convergence
Wide FoV, near to subject:
parallel lines converge
Narrow FoV, far from subject:
parallel lines remain parallel
Short focal length (wide FoV) images tend to
exhibit pronounced perspective effects
28. f = 24 mm
By increasing focal length and moving further from
subject, we can drastically change the composition
f = 50 mm
f = 135 mm
31. Short focal lens
(wide FoV)
Long focal lens
(narrow FoV)
Zoom lens
(variable FoV)
In practice, different lenses are required in order
to allow focussing at different focal lengths ...
These are complex, compound optical devices, but
the previous principles still apply most of the time
33. Shutter speed
Controls how long film is exposed for
Measured in fractions of a second
e.g. 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500
Fast shutter reduces motion blur BUT
admits less light
35. Aperture
Diameter of lens opening
Expressed as fraction of focal length
(called f-number)
e.g. f/2 on 50mm lens = 25 mm aperture
Big f-number means small aperture
Large aperture = more light, but shallow
“depth of field”
36. Depth of field
Range of distance that is acceptably “in focus”
Small aperture
= large depth of field
Large aperture
= shallow depth of field
37. Recall: lens can precisely focus points at only one
distance (the focal plane)
Sharpness decreases away from the focal plane
focal plane
depth of field
Points within the depth of field produce an
acceptably sharp image
38. Sharpness decreases away from the focal plane
The rate of decrease depends on the aperture
Smaller aperture = larger depth of field
focal plane
depth of field
Recall: lens can precisely focus points at only one
distance (the focal plane)
Pinhole camera = infinite depth of field!
39.
40. Exposure: Reciprocity
Same exposure is obtained with shutter interval
twice as long and aperture area half as big
For a given exposure, we have a number of
possible choices of shutter and aperture:
Note the convenient step sizes!
exposure = shutter speed
f-number2
41. Sensitivity (ISO scale)
Additional variable affecting exposure
ISO scale indicates chemical film sensitivity to light:
ISO 100 - low sensitivity, good for bright conditions,
static scenes, wide aperture, slow shutter
ISO 1600 - high sensitivity, good for low light,
dynamic scenes, small aperture, fast shutter
Digital camera equivalent is electronic gain level
Penalty for high sensitivity is noise or “graininess”
42. Example of film grain at high ISO numbers
Digital cameras exhibit similar noise at high gain levels
43. Camera modes
Modern DSLR cameras typically have several shooting modes:
Program mode (P) - Camera intelligently chooses shutter
speed and aperture to achieve correct exposure
Shutter priority (S) - User sets shutter speed, camera
chooses appropriate aperture
Aperture priority (A) - User sets aperture, camera chooses
appropriate shutter speed
Manual mode (M) - User sets both aperture and shutter
speed
44. Depth of field preview
When using “aperture priority” mode, the camera still
uses the widest aperture for the view-finder
Ensures a bright image
Shallow depth of field helps with
manual focussing
BUT - use the “aperture preview”
button to temporarily stop-down the
aperture and see the true effect