The document discusses the fundamentals of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO as the three elements that determine exposure in photography, known as the exposure triangle. It provides examples of how different settings for each element affect the amount of light captured and qualities like depth of field and motion blur. Readers are then assigned photography exercises to apply their understanding by manually adjusting the settings for different types of photos.

1. The Big Three

2. A Window Example : Aperture is the size of the window. If it’s bigger more light gets through and the room is brighter.

3. A Window Example : Shutter Speed is the amount of time you leave the window open. The longer you leave them open the more light comes in.

4. A Window Example : ISO is the sensitivity to light of the person inside the room. If they are wearing sunglasses (low ISO) it will take more light for them to see the image then if they are staring at it wide-eyed (high ISO).

5. The Exposure Triangle

6. Shutter Speed The length of time that the shutter remains open. Each progression represents half as much light. Common shutter settings: 1 second, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, and 1/2000 second.

7. Focal Plane Door Sample

8. Leaf Shutter Example

9. Fast Shutter Speed ADVANTAGES Reduces blurriness as image is ‘seen’ only briefly Freeze Fast Motion Great for sports events. DISADVANTAGES Less time for light to enter camera Requires bright conditions

10. Fast Shutter Speed Sample

11. Fast Shutter Speed Sample

12. Slow Shutter Speed ADVANTAGES Great for Darker Conditions Soften Consistent Motion DISADVANTAGES Increased chance for bluriness Often requires Tripod

13. Slow Shutter Speed Sample

14. Slow Shutter Speed Sample

15. Slow Shutter Speed Sample

16. Slow Shutter Speed Sample More: http://www.digital-photography-school.com/blur-movement

17. Side By Side Shutter Speed

18. Side By Side Shutter Speed

19. Shutter Speed Assignment Using Manual Shutter Speed Settings take one picture each of the following: a)Freeze Fast Motion b)Same motion but blurry Soften or Purposefully Blur Consistent/Constant Motion Add Motion to moving subject with blurry Background Stationary subject with blurry background One Additional Creative Use of Shutter Speed * Number pictures as listed above * Include shutter speed settings in title * Example Title: “1a Fast Motion 1/125”

20. The Big Three

21. F ~ What ?!? Camera Aperture The size of the opening that lets light in Also Called F-Stop F = Fractional opening relative to lens length

22. Nonsense Numbers ?!? F-Stop Numbering Common Stops: f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22 Small Numbers = Wide Opening Large Numbers = Narrow Opening Wide Opening = Short/Shallow Depth of Field Narrow Opening = Long/Deep Depth of Field Small Number = Shallow (small) Depth of Field Large Number = Deep (Large) Depth of Field Confused Yet, No Worries Me Too…

23. F - Stop Visual Basics

24. F - Stop Visual Basics http://photographertips.net Portrait Landscape Shallow Depth of Field Deep Depth of Field

25. Depth and Defocus Blur plane of focus sensor lens defocus blur depends on distance from plane of focus subject rays from point in focus converge to single pixel circle of confusion

26. Depth and Defocus Blur lens plane of focus defocus blur depends on aperture size aperture http://photographertips.net sensor subject circle of confusion

27. Narrow Apertures Usage Advantages Gives Deep Depth of Field Shows complete scene Landscape Photography Disadvantages Requires more Light May require longer Shutter Speed Increases chance for blur

28. Wide Apertures Usage Advantages Less Light Required Allows for Faster Shutter Speed Give focus to objects on focal plane Disadvantages Shallow DOF Can produced Washed-out, Over lit images

29. Aperture Side - By - Sides

30. Aperture Side - By - Sides

31. Aperture Side - By - Sides

32. Lens Length The “ X ” Factor Depth of field is dependent on Lens Length F-Stop is a “Fraction” of lens length The longer the lens the more room the light rays have to get off-track Zoom usually results in reduced DOF DOF Calculations DOF is generally 1/3 in front of and 2/3 behind focal plane. Numerous Online Calculators: http://www.dofmaster.com/dofjs.html

33. Aperture Pictures Using Manual Aperture Settings take one picture each of the following: A Landscape photo with deep depth of field A Mid-Shot Portrait with (a) shallow DOF (b) Deep DOF A macro CU with Shallow DOF A posed Portrait with initial foreground blurry, shallow DOF, far background blurry * Number pictures as listed above * Include Aperture settings in title * Example Title: “2a Shallow DOF f22”

34. ISO What is ISO The sensitivity of the sensor to light Terminology Low=Slow, High=Fast Slow Fast

35. More ISO Refer to Class handout for more information regarding ISO.

36. ISO Pictures By Adjusting the ISO settings take 3 shots of each of the following subjects A Landscape photo (Slow ISO, Med ISO, Fast ISO) A Mid-Shot Portrait (Slow ISO, Med ISO, Fast ISO) A ECU (Slow ISO, Med ISO, Fast ISO) * Number pictures and name pictures as listed above