The document provides an overview of the internet and networks, detailing their history, terminologies, and communication tools such as synchronous and asynchronous methods. It also explores various internet services like email, blogs, chat, and videoconferencing, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in educational contexts. Additionally, it covers initiatives like INFLIBNET, N-List, and Shodhganga aimed at improving access to educational resources and fostering communication among institutions.

1. K. Lakshmi Kalpana Roy

2. Session 1 – Focal areaSession 1 – Focal area
• Network
• Internet
– The History
– Terminologies
– Services
• Facilities for communication over internet
– Tools for Communication over internet
• Synchronous Tools  Chat, Videoconference
• Asynchronous Tools  Email, Blog, News group

3. NetworkNetwork
• A group of computers and associated devices
that are connected by communications
facilities

4. More about networksMore about networks
• Involve permanent connections or temporary
connections.
• centralized network 
– a central computer  a server
– other computers nodes
• Small or large
• Provide the means of communicating and
transferring information electronically
• Communication  simple user-to-user
messages or distributed processes

5. InternetInternet
• network of networks that are
– interconnected physically;
– capable of communicating and sharing data with
each other; and
– able to act together as a single network
• largest network  communication can take
place even though computers are physically
apart.


6. Internet – Its HistoryInternet – Its History
• 1969  U.S. Department of Defense 
ARPANET (Advanced Research Project
Agency NETwork)
• Next two decades  Academic institutions,
Scientists, the Govt. for research and
communications
• 1992  commercial entities offered Internet
to general public

7. Internet TerminologiesInternet Terminologies
1. Website
2. Web Page
3. Browsing
4. Web Server
5. Web Browser
6. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Internet Terminologies -
continues

8. 7. ISP (Internet Service Provider)
8. Modem (MOdulator - DEModulator)
9. Protocol
10.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) -
http://www.yahoo.com
11.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol)

9. Services offered by the InternetServices offered by the Internet
• E-mail (Electronic mail)
• WWW (World Wide Web)
• Gopher
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• Usenet
• Telnet

10. Facilities for
Communication over the
Internet
Facilities for
Communication over the
Internet

11. CommunicationCommunication
• A process of exchanging information, ideas,
thoughts, opinion and emotions through
speech, signals, writing or behavior

12. ChannelChannel
EncodesEncodes
informationinformation
DecodesDecodes
informationinformation

14. • Real time communication; same time but
different places
• Advantage  engage people directly at same
time.
• Disadvantages
– requires same time participation.
– Conflict in time schedule; different time zone
– Costly
– Significant bandwidth

15. ChatChat
• any kind of communication over internet
• offers an instantaneous transmission of text-
based messages from sender to receiver.

16. More about ChatMore about Chat
• a service offered by some ISPs & some internet
sites
• Sets space in which two or more users can meet
in a real time
• point-to-point communications or multicast
communications
• Public and private chat rooms  multiple
participants
• Some chat rooms use both text and voice
simultaneously

17. Instant Messaging (IM)Instant Messaging (IM)
• another form of chat.
• one-to-one communication
• started when the users are simultaneously
online

18. • Google Talk
• Skype
• Windows Live Messenger
• Yahoo! Messenger
Software for ChattingSoftware for Chatting

19. Graphical multi-user environmentsGraphical multi-user environments
• add graphical background  2D or 3D
(employing virtual reality technology)
• users to create or build their own spaces
• visual chat rooms  audio and video
communications

20. TeleconferencingTeleconferencing
• use of electronic transmission to permit
same time, different place meeting.
• live exchange of information
• persons and machines linked by a
telecommunications system
• Teleconferencing  Audio conferencing,
Video Conferencing and Audio graphic
Conferencing

21. VideoconferencingVideoconferencing
• The conduct of a videoconference (also
known as video teleconference) by a set of
telecommunication technologies which allow
two or more locations to communicate by
simultaneous two-way video and audio
transmissions.

22. • interactive meeting
• two or more groups of people see using
television screens
• simulates a face-to-face meeting
• no travel
• Saves time and energy

23. The Hardware for VideoconferenceThe Hardware for Videoconference
• A camera
• A headset
• Network
• Screen
• Projector

24. What are possible through video
conference?
What are possible through video
conference?
• Conducting interview
• Organising meeting and lectures
• Business marketing
• Teaching
• Discussion

25. Video Conferencing in EducationVideo Conferencing in Education
• connects remote students to teachers
• leads students on virtual tours
• Video conferencing lessons ignite interest
and enthusiasm for learning

26. • Different time- different place mode
• User’s own convenience and schedule
• Advantage  involve people from multiple time
zones.
• Disadvantages
– No immediate feedback is possible.
– Difficult to keep track of collaboration
– Technology can be costly.
– Information must be organized and searchable or it is
lost.

27. E-mail (Electronic mail)E-mail (Electronic mail)
• One of the first services offered by internet
• Allows sending information from one person
to another, or to many others through
computer.
• Login name  network user
• Electronic mail box with that name
• E-mail standards

28. E-mail structureE-mail structure
xyxyxyxyyxx@gmail.com

29. Discussion on e-mailDiscussion on e-mail
• Group e-mail account  create collaborative
groups
• Reflectors/ exploders
• Redistribute mail automatically
• Any user can join the mailing list
• Receive announcement/ advertisements/ e-
journals/ newsletters

30. • Rich learning experience
• Communicate with tutor
• Interact and explore on topics
• Feedback mechanism

31. Advantages of E-mailAdvantages of E-mail
• Fast and cheap
• compose & review message before sending
• Ideal for international communications
• check from anywhere in the world;
• include all or part of previous messages.
• send same message to predefined.
• include attached files
• paste from other applications directly

32. Disadvantages of e-mailDisadvantages of e-mail
• don't know when/if your message has been
read
• Privacy issues
• Easy to get swamped

33. E-mail for EducationE-mail for Education
• feedback and communication tool
• Case Study: The Open University, UK
– Faster assignment return; immediate feedback
– Robust model for queries, with greater reliability
– Increased interaction with tutor and students;
– Extending learning experiences beyond tutorial
– Communication
• Student-Student
• Student-Teacher
• Teacher-Parent

34. BlogBlog
• Web Log
• Web site on which individual/ group of users
record opinions, information, etc. on a
regular basis.
• Entries  journal style
• reverse chronological order (Latest first)
• commentary or news on a particular subject
• text, images, links to other blogs, web pages
• one-way communication

35. • Photoblog  photographs
• Vlog  video
• Podcasting  audio

36. Educational blogsEducational blogs
• communication space  teachers utilise
with students
• share ideas, reflect on work done in the
classroom
• empowers the students to write and
communicate.

37. News groupNews group
• a discussion about a particular subject
consisting of information hosted on a central
website and redistributed through Usenet, a
worldwide network of news discussion
groups

38. • like an electronic public notice board
• post or read a message
• Subscribe to news groups
• newsreader automatically downloads new
messages or "posts"

39. News group for EducationNews group for Education
• electronic discussion groups for course
subjects
• local and distance students

40. PostPost
• message on a newsgroup
• Article
• Any new post or a response to previous post
• Reply to a post  creates a thread

41. Who supervise the news group?Who supervise the news group?
• moderated by an instructor or student
monitor
• previews all postings
• decides and chooses which postings are valid
and appropriate
• provide input to the discussions
• leads discussions in a certain direction

42. Website on news group for
education
Website on news group for
education
• misc.education - educational system.
• misc.education.adult - Adult education and adult literacy
practice/research
• misc.education.home-school.misc - anything about home-
schooling.
• misc.education.medical - medical education.
• misc.education.multimedia - Multimedia for education
• misc.education.science - science education.
• edu.school.el.th101 - Education school electronics theory
101

43. Session 2 – Focal areaSession 2 – Focal area
• INFLIBNET
• N-LIST
• Shodhganga
• Digital Library Consortium
• SOUL
• E-Learning
• Web Search Engine

44. INFormation and LIbrary NETwork
(INFLIBNET)
INFormation and LIbrary NETwork
(INFLIBNET)
• 1991  a major National Programme by UGC
• Head Quarters  Gujarat University,
Ahmedabad.
• Started as a project under IUCAA (Inter
University Centre for Astronomy and
Astrophysics)
• 1996  independent Inter-University Centre
(IUC)

45. • creating infrastructure to share library and
information resources and services
• Academic and Research Institutions

46. Objectives of INFLIBNETObjectives of INFLIBNET
• promote and establish communication facilities
• Improve information transfer, access, that provide
support to scholarship, learning, research and
academic pursuit through cooperation and
involvement of agencies
• facilitate academic communication
• collaborate with institutions, libraries, information
centres
• promote R&D
• generate revenue by providing consultancies and
information services

47. • To establish INFLIBNET
– promote and implement computerization of operations ;
follow a uniform standard
– evolve a national network interconnecting ; improve
information handling and service
– provide reliable access to document collection of libraries
 on-line union catalogue of serials, theses/
dissertations, books, monographs and non-book
materials, etc.
– develop new methods and techniques for documentation
of valuable information ; digital media (Indian languages)

48. – optimize information resource utilization 
shared cataloguing, , inter-library loan service,
catalogue production, collection development
 avoid duplication.
– create databases of projects, institutions,
specialists, etc. to provide on-line information
service
– train and develop human resources 
computerized library network

49. N-LISTN-LIST
• UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium
• INFLIBNET Centre
• INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi

50. • cross-subscription to e-resources (INDEST-
AICTE  universities & UGC INFONET
technical institutions)
• access to selected e-resources to colleges

51. Components of N-LISTComponents of N-LIST

52. ShodhgangaShodhganga
• a reservoir of Indian Electronic Theses by
INFLIBNET
• Theses and dissertations  rich & unique
source of information  for research work
• "Shodh"  Sanskrit  research and discovery
• "Ganga“  the holiest, largest, longest of all
rivers in Indian subcontinent
 symbol of India’s age-long culture and
civilization

53. • Shodhganga reservoir of Indian
intellectual output stored in a repository
• hosted and maintained by INFLIBNET Centre
• a platform for research students deposit
Ph.D. theses; make it available to entire
scholarly community in open access

54. Digital Library ConsortiumDigital Library Consortium
• Access to E-resources on Additional IPs
• Universities  encouraged to purchase
additional IP based Internet bandwidth from
ISP
• E-resources  IP address of BSNL & also on
additional IP
• Not on broad band connectivity

55. UGC-Infonet UGC-Infonet
• ambitious programme of UGC to interlink all
the Universities in the country with state-of-
art technology
• w.e.f 1st April 2010
• 10 Mbps(1:1) Leased line was being
established in 182 universities by using Fiber
to provide Internet Services
• INFLIBNET  executing and monitoring the
entire project.

56. SOUL
Software for University Libraries
SOUL
Software for University Libraries
• state-of-the-art integrated library
management software
• Designed and developed by INFLIBNET
• user-friendly software developed to work
under client-server environment
• compliant to international standards for
bibliographic formats, networking and
circulation protocols

57. • to automate all house keeping operations in library
• The latest version of the software i.e. SOUL 2.0 was
released in January 2009
• compliant to international standards such as MARC
21 bibliographic format, Unicode based Universal
Character Sets for multilingual bibliographic records
and NCIP 2.0 and SIP 2 based protocols for
electronic surveillance and control

58. E-libraryE-library
• digital library
• Type of retrieval system
• organized and structured collection of digital
objects in a distributed environment
• Assists users  search, evaluate, utilize
resources in any format
• Content storage  locally or remote

59. Advantages of e-libraryAdvantages of e-library
• No physical boundary
• Round the clock availability
• Multiple access
• Information retrieval
• Preservation and conservation
• Space:
• Added value
• Easily accessible

60. Web search engineWeb search engine
• web sites that store information and
distribute information based on key words
• different from subject directories
• spiders or robots  computer programs 
crawl the Web and log the words on each
page
• Search information on the WWW and FTP
servers

61. Search engine – The ConceptSearch engine – The Concept
• automated software programs
• spiders or bots
• build their databases  by surveying web
pages
• Data collected  added to the search engine
index
• enter a query (input)  checked in search
engine's index
• best URLs are returned

62. Basic searching tipsBasic searching tips
• Keep it simple
• Add relevant words
• Try words that a website would use
• Use only the important words
• Let Google do the work  special type of
search (calculations, weather, etc)

63. The KeywordsThe Keywords
• search engine  an online directory of the
websites
• words which describe these websites
• Words typed by users
• most popular relevant keywords
• Take care in selecting or choosing a keyword 
good keywords make the website popular and
famous
bad keywords may cause the site to be
banned.

64. Advantages of Search EngineAdvantages of Search Engine
• Indexes  vast
• sophistication of software  to precisely describe the
information that we seek.
• variety of search engines  enriches the Internet
• drawn to research-oriented sites.
• Wikipedia  an open-source online reference site
• Used for shopping; Amazon, eBay, and Shopping.com
• generate a variety of sources for information.
• Results  online encyclopedias, news stories, university
studies, discussion boards, personal blogs
• aid in organizing information into an organized list.
• provide refined or more precise results.