The Study entitled E-learning in Commonwealth Asia 2013 presents the current scenario of e-Learning in 8 Commonwealth Asian Countries i.e. Bangladesh, Brunei, India, Maldives, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore and Sri Lanka.

1. By
S K Pulist, Ph D
Indira Gandhi National Open University,
New Delhi, INDIA

2. eLearning
•
completely online,
• blended learning (mix of face-to-face and
online), and
• use of online tools as supplementary to
face-to- face for some activities.
2

3.  How is eLearning doing?
 How are different activities managed?
 What are the challenges and
opportunities?
3

4. Commonwealth Asian countries
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bangladesh,
Brunei Darussalam,
India,
Malaysia,
Maldives,
Pakistan,
Singapore and
Sri Lanka
4

5.  To compile eLearning country
profile;
 To review growth and development
of eLearning programmes;
 To identify nature of programmes
offered through eLearning;
 To identify the policy initiatives
5

6.  To identify the eLearning policy for
people with disabilities;
 To find out the measures to
maintain quality; and
 To analyse use of technologies and
pedagogical practices.
6

7.  Online Survey (7600)
 Responses Received = 221
 Relevant Responses = 211
 Descriptive analysis and
interpretation
 Secondary Data:
Reports, Websites, articles
7

8. Focus on Commonwealth Asian
Countries
No response from Brunei
Email - only channel of contact
Not good response (221/7600-2.7%)
Limitation of data which has been
analysed
8

9.  Respondents
Malaysia (52%)
India (25%)
Pakistan (14%)
3%
3% 2%
1%
Malaysia
14%
India
Pakistan
52%
25%
Maldives
Bangladesh
Singapore
Sri Lanka
9

10.  Major Roles performed
Teachers (76%)
eContent Developers (32%)
System Administrators (16%)
76%
32%
1%
As
Camp
us
Mana…
9%
Others
1%
Facult
y
Develo
per
eLearn
ing
system
admi…
eConte
nt
devel…
2%
Coordi
nator
16%
Teach
er
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
10

11.  Programme Disciplines
Social Sciences (24.1%)
Sciences (13.3%)
Engg. & Technology (10.3%)
8.4%
3.0%
21.2%
Social Sciences
Sciences
8.9%
Engineering and Technology
Medicine and Health
Humanities
9.4%
Commerce and Management
24.1%
Agriculture
Others
10.3%
13.3%
11

12.  eLearning used for
Blended mode (50.4%)
Face-to-face (26.5%)
Completely online (23.1%)
60.0%
50.4%
50.0%
Completely online
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
23.1%
26.5%
Blended mode (mix of faceto-face and online
components)
Face-to-face with some
online components
0.0%
12

13.  Adoption of eLearning Policy
Yes (54.1%)
No. (20.7%)
Not Sure (25.2%)
Not sure; 25.2%
Yes; 54.1%
No; 20.7%
13

14. Others
Research and
development
Training and staff
development
Quality assurance
Incentive/appreciation
Content development
Copyright /Licensing
Ethical issues
Assessment
Management
4.4%
45.6%
64.7%
50.0%
23.5%
61.8%
45.6%
36.8%
58.8%
63.2%
47.1%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Governance
 eL Policy Provisions
Trg & Development (64.7%)
eL Management (63.2%)
Content Development (61.8%)
14

15.  eL Policy implementation
Through specific Unit (91%)
Centralised budget (80%)
Autonomy (66%)
100%
91%
90%
80%
80%
66%
70%
No
Yes
60%
50%
40%
34%
30%
20%
10%
20%
9%
0%
The e-learning policy is
implemented through a
Specified Unit
The policy provides for
autonomy to all Units to
manage their programmes
The budget for e-learning
activities is centralised
15

16. 8%
7%
6%
Software
procurement/…
Training
programmes
91%
67%
33%
14%
9%
80%
85%
20%
15%
Maintenance/troub
leshooting
86%
Revision of econtent
94%
e-Content
development/…
93%
System
development/…
92%
Research and
development
94%
Consultancy
service charges
6%
Hardware
procurement/…
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Physical
infrastructure…
 eL Budget provides for
Training & Dev (94%)
Infrastructural purchases (94%)
Software (93%)
96%
No
Yes
4%
16

17.  Copyright over eContent
Institutions (67.3%)
Faculty/developer (10.2%)
Joint Copyright (9.2%)
8.2%
5.1%
Institution
9.2%
Individual
Shared/joint
10.2%
67.3%
e-content is released
under OER license
Others
17

18.  OER Policy
Not sure (61.2%)
No OER Policy (20%)
No rights reserved (5.9%)
OER Policy adopted (3.6%
1.2%
9.4%
Not sure
2.4%
No OER Policy adopted
yet
5.9%
No rights reserved
CC-BY
20%
61.2%
CC-BY-NC-ND
Others
18

19.  Policy on Differently abled
Yes (28%
No (35%)
Not Sure (35%)
Not sure; 35%
Yes; 28%
No; 37%
19

20.  Programme QA
Through committees (31.7%)
Individual Units (22.8%)
Set quality indictors (19.8%)
7.9%
31.7%
12.9%
Advisory/Monitoring
Body/Committee is appointed
Some outside agency is engaged to
monitor this aspect
Quality indicators are set and
individuals maintain them
Individual functional e-learning units
have their own standards
No such activity is undertaken
22.8%
5.0%
Others
19.8%
20

21.  eContent QA
Individual teachers (40%)
Quality Control Unit (28.4%)
Quality Assurance Group (18.9%)
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
37.9%
Quality control unit
28.4%
18.9%
Quality assurance group
9.5%
5.3%
Individuals are
responsible
No mechanism
Others
21

22.  Coordination of eL activities
Designated unit (36.1%)
Central committee (30.9%)
Functional unit (26.8%)
6.2%
30.9%
26.8%
36.1%
Coordinated through a central committee/body
Specified unit coordinates the e-learning activities
All eLearning functional units are responsibility
Others
22

23.  Widely used LMS
Moodle (46.2%)
Own LMS (9.9%)
Not Sure (13.2%)
8.8%
Moodle
13.2%
Inhouse developed
Blackboard
2.2%
46.2%
WebStudy
ATutor
3.3%
iFolio
3.3%
Clarolin
5.5%
Not sure
Others
7.7%
9.9%
23

24. 100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Others
37.8%
Search tools (like
search engines, etc)
54.4%
Teaching/
presentation tools
(like…
68.9%
e-Content / files
uploading tools (like
server, video…
42.2%
Editing tools (like
screen
capture, flash…
Assessment tools
(like quiz
makers, rubrics, et…
56.7%
Calendar
58.9%
News and Social
Forums
Administrative tools
(like
databases, payme…
60.0%
Student
collaborative tools
(like Wiki, google…
Navigation tools (like
buttons, pointers, ico
ns, URL, mind…
Communication
tools (like
chat, email, instant…
 LMS tools used
Communication tools (86.7%)
Assessment tools (68.9%)
Content uploading tools (68.9%)
86.7%
68.9%
54.4%
37.8%
7.8%
24

25.  Place to access LMS
Home (84.6%)
Computer Lab (78%)
Access points (31.9%)
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
78%
84.6%
31.9%
17.6%
Computer
laboratories on the
Campus
Home
Designated TeleLearning
Centres/Hot
Spots/Access Points
Others
25

26. Field visits
Working
projects
Assignments
Group
discussion
Quizzes
Simulations
Video/audio
programmes
1%
1%
2%
4%
26%
17%
19%
66%
57%
42%
57%
50%
48%
80%
69%
63%
48%
49%
33%
49%
44%
31%
19%
12%
5%
7%
3%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
e-Content
available on
the LMS
Printed
reading
material
 Components of ID
Assignments (80%)
Projects (57%)
Quizzes (49%)
None
Optional
Compulsory
26

27.  Video Conferencing tool
Skype (41%)
Adobe Connect (18.8%)
Google+/Hangout (16.7%)
45.0%
41.7%
40.0%
35.0%
29.2%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
18.8%
16.7%
15.0%
10.4%
10.0%
12.5%
4.2%
5.0%
0.0%
Skype
Google+
/Handouts
Google
Open
Meeting
WizIQ
Adobe
Connect
A-VIEW
Others
27

28.  Dissemination of eContent
Through LMS (77%)
Through Web (61%)
Printed books (57%)
90%
80%
77%
70%
61%
60%
57%
50%
41%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Learning
Management
System
Downloadable from
web
Printed books
USB/Pen drive/CD
28

29.  C0mmon file format
pdf (88.3%)
ppt (67%)
doc (56.4%)
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
88.3%
67.0%
56.4%
21.3%
2.1%
pdf
ppt
doc
xls
5.3%
odf
Others
29

30.  Multi-media file format
mpeg (52.6%)
mp3 (42.1%)
wmv (39.5%)
60.0%
52.6%
50.0%
42.1%
40.0%
39.5%
34.2%
27.6%
30.0%
20.0%
6.6%
10.0%
0.0%
mpeg
mp3
wmv
mp4
avi
Others
30

31.  Image file format
jpeg (86.3%)
gif (35%)
png (21.3%)
100.0%
86.3%
80.0%
60.0%
35.0%
40.0%
20.0%
21.3%
16.3%
5.0%
0.0%
tiff
gif
jpeg
png
Others
31

32.  Streaming file format
flv (47.5%)
wmv (45.9%)
swf (29.5%)
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
47.5%
45.9%
29.5%
18%
11.5%
6.6%
6.6%
1.6%
swf
flv
asf
1.6%
rm
wmv
wma
mov
ogg
Others
32

33. 17.8%
3.3%
Others
Activity is
completely
outsourced
Students (their
work is shared
as part of case
studies or in
any other form)
25.6%
e-learning
management
system
administrators
Institutional
Teachers
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Outside
content
developers
 Source of eContent Dev
In-house teachers (77.8%)
System Administrators (33.3%)
External developers (25.6%)
77.8%
33.3%
10.0%
33

34.  Authoring tools
MS PowerPoint (22.2%)
Camtasia Studio (15.6%)
Flash (13.3%)
66.7%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
22.2%
20.0%
15.6%13.3%
10.0%
8.9% 8.9% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7%
8.9%
4.4% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4%
Others
No idea
Raptivity
Moodle
interface
Hot
potatoes
Dreamweav
er
Office
HTML
Articulate
Word
Captivate
Flash
Camtasia
PowerPoint
0.0%
34

35.  eContent development Team
Subject experts (88.1%)
Authoring expert (52.4%)
Educational Technologist (50%)
88.1%
42.9%
42.9%
50%
Simulation/a
nimation
experts
Educational
technologist
Graphic
designer
Language
editor
Authoring
expert
21.4%
10.7%
Others
52.4%
Subject
expert
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
35

36. 13.8%
7.5%
5.0%
Other
12.5%
Some money put
at the disposal for
discretionary use
Preference given
in other
development…
Purchase of
additional books
27.5%
Preference given
in career
advancement…
27.5%
No provision of
special
incentive/appre…
33.8%
Monetary
incentive
Weightage in
performance
appraisal
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Appreciation
letter/ award
 Form of appreciation
Appreciation letter (45%)
Weightage in Appraisal (33.8%)
Monetary incentive (27.5%)
No provision (27.5%)
45.0%
23.8%
36

37.  Formative/Summative Eval
Only Summative (18%)
Only Formative (14%)
Both (68%)
100%
85%
82%
68%
50%
0%
Summative
Summative
Formative
Formative
Both
Both
37

38.  Evaluation System
Continuous Eval through LMS (83%)
Term end Exam through LMS (64%)
Paper based continuous Eval (78%)
Paper based Term end Exam (83%)
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
83%
83%
78%
64%
No
36%
17%
Continuous
evaluation
through LMS
Yes
22%
Term End
Examinations
through LMS
Paper based
Continuous
evaluation
17%
Paper based
Term End
Examination
38

39.  Eval system components
Multi Choice questions (92%)
Short answer questions (84%)
Essay type questions (73%)
All the above (38%)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
92%
84%
73%
62%
38%
27%
8%
Multi-choice
questions
No
Yes
16%
Short answer
questions
Essay type
questions
All types
39

40.  Evaluation tools
Written assignments (92%)
Projects (87%)
Quizzes (71%)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
92%
87%
71%
63%
36%
43%
47%
6%
Written assignments
Projects
Quizzes
Term Paper
Online presentation
Field work
Audio/Video Presentations
Others
40

41. Emphasis on eLearning (78.8%)
User friendly LMS (65%)
Emergence of eL culture (58.8%)
Motivated faculty and staff (55%)
Increasing interest in eL(47.5%)
Availability of eContent (46.3%)
Optimal technical support (45%)
41

42. Workload on teachers (56.1%)
Lack of training (41.5%)
Financial constraints (40.2%)
Inadequate facilities (39%)
Non-tech savvy persons (37.8%)
Much involvement in F2F(34.1%)
Lack of relevant content (34.1%)
Lack of incentive (32.9%)
42

43. More eLearning programmes (80%)
Diversification of eL programs (56.3%)
Updating LMS (56.3%)
Integration of social media (55%)
Use of mobile technology (53.8%)
Intelligent tutoring (38.8%)
Geographical expansion of eL (37.5%)
New eL support centres (36.3%)
43

44. eLearning on moving trend
Lot of challenges
Offered in blended mode
Strong case for fully online programmes
44

45. Explore online programmes
Need to create awareness
Efforts for inclusive growth
Development of quality parameters
Ensure parity/mobility in online
programmes
45

46. Commonwealth
Educational Media Centre
for Asia (CEMCA),
COL, New Delhi
(INDIA)
46

47. 47