internality and externality
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This document discusses internality and externality in organizational behaviour. [1] Internality refers to when an individual believes their own behavior and attitude leads to rewards, while externality is when external factors outside their control are believed to determine rewards. [2] People with internality (internals) tend to perform better as they believe effort leads to performance and performance leads to rewards, they actively seek information, and perform well on complex tasks. [3] Internals also perform better on jobs requiring initiative, skills, motivation, and professional roles. The document provides examples of internality and externality and how they impact organizations.
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AACIMP 2009 Summer School lecture by Yoshio Matsuki. "Environmental Externalities of Energy Options - Basics and Applications" course. 3rd hour.
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Presentation on Bank of Japan
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Gruber4e ch01
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3) For positive externalities like education, the private market equilibrium produces too little from a social perspective, since private benefits are below social benefits. Subsidies can internalize these external benefits.
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Index number
The document provides information on index numbers including:
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Externalities Graphs How i understand them
This document discusses positive and negative externalities through examples and graphs. For positive externalities like education, the social benefit is greater than the private benefit, leading the market equilibrium to be less than the socially optimal level. For negative externalities like pollution from steel production, the social cost is greater than the private cost, so the market equilibrium is greater than the optimal level. The document explains how government policies like subsidies or taxes can help correct these market failures by aligning private and social costs/benefits. It concludes by asking for feedback to improve the author's understanding of externalities graphs.
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internality and externality
- 1. ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR PRESENTED BY: ABHISHEK BANSAL BHUPINDER SINGH CHANDNI CHANDOK AYESHA CHAWLA
- 2. INTERNALITY • It is those types of behaviors that impose costs on a person in the long-run that are not taken into account when making decisions in the present. • When an individual perception is that his own behavior and attitude results in positive rewards, internality is located
- 3. REASONS FOR INTERNALS TO PERFORM BETTER • Internals holds stronger expectancies that effort will result in good performance and that good performance will lead to rewards. • Internals seek new and relevant information more actively and therefore perform better than externals on complex tasks. • Self-serving Bias
- 4. Internals perform better on following jobs/tasks • Tasks requiring initiative and independence of action • High skilled jobs • Jobs requiring high motivation • Professional jobs
- 5. EXTERNALITY • When an individual perception is that external factors outside his control(destiny, luck) are responsible for rewarding behavior, externality is indicated.
- 6. • Positive externality:- there is a benefit to other than real consumer or producer. • Negative externality:- there is a cost to some one other than real consumer or producer.
- 7. Video
- 9. ELEMENTS OF ATTRIBUTON THEORY
- 10. EXAMPLES of internality and externality • WORKING CONDITIONS/ENVIRONMENT • HOMOPHOBIA • RACISM • URBAN-RURAL RESIDENCE • GENDER
- 11. Other examples • Researchers may discover new ideas that benefits the state(positive internality), other states may benefit from borrowing these ideas(positive externality). • Supplying water to residents(positive internality), a local government may degrade the available in other localities(negative externality).
- 12. IMPORTANCE OF EXTERNALITES & INTERNALITES IN ORGANISATION • Group behavior • Team work
- 13. Thank you