Project management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.
Most of the project idea involve combining existing field of technology or offering variants of present product & services.
A panel is formed for the purpose of identifying investment opportunities. It involves the following tasks which must be carried out in order to come up with a creative idea –
(a) SWOT analysis
(b) Determination of objectives
(c) Creating Good environment
Project identification and Project selectionAmandaBvera
This presentation covers the topic of project identification and project selection. It sheds light on the meaning of the project, meaning of project identification, classification of projects, types of opportunities, dimensions of project identification, criteria for project selection and constraints involved in project selection. Enjoy learning!
Project management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.
Most of the project idea involve combining existing field of technology or offering variants of present product & services.
A panel is formed for the purpose of identifying investment opportunities. It involves the following tasks which must be carried out in order to come up with a creative idea –
(a) SWOT analysis
(b) Determination of objectives
(c) Creating Good environment
Project identification and Project selectionAmandaBvera
This presentation covers the topic of project identification and project selection. It sheds light on the meaning of the project, meaning of project identification, classification of projects, types of opportunities, dimensions of project identification, criteria for project selection and constraints involved in project selection. Enjoy learning!
The presentation talks about why is it necessary to carry out Financial appraisal and the different methods to analyse it. It also discusses the steps involved in a financial appraisal of a project.
Social Cost Benefit Analysis: Concept of social cost benefit, significance of SCBA, Approach to SCBA,
UNIDO approach to SCBA, Shadow pricing of resource, the little miracle approach,
Project Implementation: Schedule of project implementation, Project Planning, Project Control, Human
aspects of project management, team building, high performance team.
A simple and comprehensive presentation on Profit maximization v/s Wealth Maximization.
By Arvinder Pal Kaur
Faculty of Management
Northwest Group of Institutions
Dhudhike, MOGA
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. It may be positive, zero or negative.
NPV is used in capital budgeting and investment planning to analyze the profitability of a projected investment or project.
Also known as sophisticated technique for capital budgeting exercise.
It accounts for time value of money by using discounted cash flows in the calculation.
The presentation talks about why is it necessary to carry out Financial appraisal and the different methods to analyse it. It also discusses the steps involved in a financial appraisal of a project.
Social Cost Benefit Analysis: Concept of social cost benefit, significance of SCBA, Approach to SCBA,
UNIDO approach to SCBA, Shadow pricing of resource, the little miracle approach,
Project Implementation: Schedule of project implementation, Project Planning, Project Control, Human
aspects of project management, team building, high performance team.
A simple and comprehensive presentation on Profit maximization v/s Wealth Maximization.
By Arvinder Pal Kaur
Faculty of Management
Northwest Group of Institutions
Dhudhike, MOGA
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. It may be positive, zero or negative.
NPV is used in capital budgeting and investment planning to analyze the profitability of a projected investment or project.
Also known as sophisticated technique for capital budgeting exercise.
It accounts for time value of money by using discounted cash flows in the calculation.
This Presentation Includes Basic Definition Of Cost. Moreover You Will Also Get Knowledge About How Cost Accounting is Done. You Will Get Knowledge About Various Types Of Costs And Their Examples in Details. Note : This Presentation is Specially Made For The Engineering Student Who Has Subject Named Engineering Economics and Management
Explanation of Crashing and when to use it. Download additional slides, videos, and resources at https://www.christiansonjs.com/
Signup for The Free-Range Technologist, a monthly newsletter filled with creative commons resources, useful apps, and lifehacks: https://mailchi.mp/f8f0219bc305/jscott
it is useful for project management students in which process of scba (social cost benefit analysis) is given in detail and these steps are simple to learn and depend on approches also and that aproches are in next presentation.
NAP Training Viet Nam - Session 7 Appraising Adaptation OptionsUNDP Climate
This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.
ReSAKSS-AfricaLead Workshop on Strengthening Capacity for Strategic Agricultural Policy and Investment Planning and Implementation in Africa Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, June 25th‐ 26th 2012
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
2. Social cost benefit analysis (SCBA)called Economic
analysis, is a methodology developed for evaluating
investment projects from the point of view of the
society as a whole.
SCBA aids in evaluating individual projects within
the planning framework which spells out national
economic objectives and broad allocation of resources
to various sector. In other words , SCBA is
concerned with Tactical Decision making within the
framework of macro level.
Meaning:
3. Advantages
• The ability to identify the projects that
maximize the welfare of the country.
• The ability to objectively assess and quantify
the purpose projects in relation to community
needs.
• Exposure of the basis for decision-making for
projects and opportunity for public criticism.
• Ability to rank and prioritize limited resources
so that the maximum benefit is realized.
4. Disadvantages
• Difficulty in measuring social costs and benefits and
converting them in to monitory term.
• Over statement of the value of social benefits
• Complexity
• Conflict between social welfare and financial
justification.
5. Approach's of SCBA :
1.Rationale for SCBA
2.UNIDO approach
3.Net benefit in terms of economic prizes
4.Saving impacts and its value
5.Income distribution impact
6.Adjustment for merit and demerit goods
7.Little-Mirrlees approach
8.Shadow prices
9.SCBA by financial institutions
10.Public sector investment decisions in
India
6. 1.Rationale for SCBA
In SCBA the focus is on the special costs and
Benefits of the project. The principle sources
of discrepancy are:
Market imperfections
Externalities
Taxes and subsidies
Concern for savings
Concern for redistribution
Merit wants.
7. Market imperfections:
When imperfection exits, market price do not reflect social
values. The common imperfections found in developing
Countries are :
Rationing:
Rationing of a commodity means control over its
price and distribution .The price paid by a consumer
under rationing is often significantly less Than the
price that prevail in the competitive market.
Prescription of minimum wage rates :
When minimum wages would be in a competitive
labour market free from such wage legislations .
8. Foreign exchange regulation:
The official rate of foreign exchange in most of the
developing countries, which exercise close regulation
over foreign exchange ,typically less than the rate that
would prevail in the absence of foreign regulation . That
is why foreign exchange usually commands a premium
in unofficial transactions.
Externalities:
A project may have a beneficial external effects. For example, it
may create certain infrastructural Facilities like roads which
benefit the Neighbouring areas. Such benefits are considered
in SCBA , though they are ignored in assessing the Monetary
benefits to the project sponsors because they do no receive any
monetary compensation from those who enjoy the external
benefit created by the Project . Likewise, a project may have
harmful effect like environmental pollution.
9. Taxes and Subsidies
From the private point of view ,taxes are definite monetary
costs and subsidies are definite monetary gains. From the
social point of view, However ,taxes and subsidies are
generally regarded as transfer payments and hence
considered irrelevant.
Concern for savings:
A rupee of benefits saved is deemed more valuable than a
rupee of benefit consumed. The concern of society for
saving and investment is dully reflected in SCBA wherein a
higher a valuation is placed on saving and lower valuation
is put on consumption.
10. Concern for Redistribution:
The society is concern about the distribution of benefits
across different group. A rupee of benefit going to an
economically poor section is considered more valuable
than a rupee of benefit going to an affluent section.
Merit wants:
Goals and preferences not expressed in the market place, but
believed by policy maker to be larger interest .
For ex: Govt. may promote an adult education programme
or balanced nutrition programme for school –going children
even though these are not sought by consumer in market
place .
11. 2. UNIDO Approach:
• UNIDO approach was first articulated in
the Guidelines for Project Evaluation
which provides a comprehensive
framework for SCBA in developing
countries .UNIDO approach is based
largely on the latter publication though
at places we will draw on the former
publication too.
o Measures cost and benefits in terms of domestic
rupees
o Measures cost and benefits in terms of consumption.
o Focuses on efficiency, savings and redistribution
aspects in different stages.
12. UNIDO method of project appraisal involves
five stages:
1. Calculation of the financial profitability of the project
measured at market prices.
2. Obtaining the net benefit of the project measured in terms
if economic (efficiency) prices.
3. Adjustment for the impact of the project on savings and
investment.
4. Adjustment for the impact of the project on income and
distribution.
5. Adjustment for the impact of the project on merit goods
and demerit goods whose social values differ from their
economic values.
13. Net benefit in terms of economic prizes
Choice of Numeraire
One of the important aspects of shadow pricing is the
determination of the numeraire , the unit of account in
which the value of inputs or outputs is expressed. To
define the nummeraire ,the following
questions have to be answered:
1. What unit of currency , domestic or foreign, should be
used to express benefits or costs?
2. Should costs and benefits be measured in current
values or constant values ?
3. Should the income of the project is measured in terms
of consumption or investment?
14. Concept of tradability
A key issue in shadow pricing is whether a good is tradable
or not. For a good that is tradable, the international price is a
measure of its Opportunity cost to the country. Why? For a
tradable good, it is possible to substitute import for
domestic production and vice versa .
Sources of shadow prices
The UNIDO approach suggests three sources of shadow
pricing, depending on the impact of the project on national
economy .A project , as it uses and produces resources,
may for any given input or output
(i) Increase or decrease the total consumption in the
economy.
(ii) Decrease imports or increase imports .
(iii) decrease or increase production in the economy .
15. When shadow prices are being calculated, taxes usually
pose difficulties. The general guidelines in the UNIDO
approach with respect to taxes are as follows:
1. When a projects results in diversion of non-traded
consumer goods taxes should be included.
2. When a project augments domestic production by
Other producers, taxes should be excluded.
3. For fully traded goods , taxes should be ignored.
Treatment of Taxes
16. Impact on Distribution
Measure of gain or loss: Difference
between price paid and value received.
Impact on saving:
Its seek to answer fallowing question-
1. Given the income distribution project what would be
its effect on saving?
2. What is the value of such saving?
Impact of the project on savings and
investment
17. Adjustment for merit and demerit goods
Merits good is one for which the social value
exceeds the economic value.
Demerits good is one social value of goods is
less than the economic value.
Income distribution impact
Redistribution of income in favour of
economically weaker sections.
18. I.M.D Little and J.A Mirrlees have developed an
approach to social cost benefit analysis which
became popular as Little-mirrlees approach (L-M
approach).
There is a considerable similarity between the UNIDO
approach and L-M approach.
3. Little-Mirrlees approach:
19. Issues in Little- Mirrlees Approach to SCBA
Numeraire:
L-M’s numeraire is “present uncommitted social income measured in terms
of convertible foreign exchange of constant purchasing power”
L-M’s Shadow Price:
L-M’s approach measures costs and benefits in terms of international price as
against UNIDO method that measures costs and benefits in terms of
domestic prices.
L-M Shadow Price for traded goods:
The shadow price of traded good/service is equal to its border because it
represents the appropriate social opportunity cost/benefit of producing
/using a traded good/service
20. L-M Shadow Price for Non- Tradable Goods:
Non tradables include goods like land, building and services like power,
internal transport etc. Shadow price for non-tradables is arrived at in terms
of marginal social cost and marginal social benefit.
L-M Shadow Wage Rate:
It is an important but difficult to determine element in social cost benefit
analysis. It is a function of several factors:
The marginal productivity of labour
The cost associated with urbanisation
The cost of having an additional amount committed to consumption
Accounting/ Average rate of return method
The accounting rate is the rate used for discounting social profits
21. Differences between UNIDO approach
and L-M approach
1. UNIDO approach is limited to domestic boundaries
(measures cost and benefits in terms of domestic rupees)
where as, L-M approach considers international aspects
also (measures cost and benefit in terms of
international/border prices).
2. UNIDO approach measures cost and benefits in terms of
consumption where as, the L-M approach measures cost
and benefits in terms of uncommitted social income.
3. The UNIDO approach focuses on efficiency, savings and
redistribution aspects in different stages. L-M approach
tends to view these aspects together.