This document discusses various materials used for interior finishes such as flooring, window dressings, and wall finishes. It provides details on different types of floor coverings including soft floor coverings like carpet, linoleum, vinyl and cork as well as hard floorings like wood, laminates, ceramic tiles and natural stones. It also describes types of window dressings including plantations shutters, curtains, roller shades, sheers and roman shades. Finally, it lists various wall finish options such as plastering, cladding, motifs, fabric, gypsum, paneling, murals and wallpapers.

1. MATERIALS
WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCES
TO INTERIORS
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•Submitted To:-
Ar. Jaya Srivastava
•Submitted By:-
Atul Kumar Verma
B.Arch- (3rd year)
I.A.T.P. Sitapur

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FLOOR COVERING
There are an amazing number of choices available when it comes to flooring
surfaces for our home - and each has its own advantages and disadvantages
in different climates and areas.
The few types of floor coverings comes in floorings are as follows:-
1. Soft Floor Covering
2. Wood Flooring
3. Hard Flooring
4. Resilient Flooring
5. Seamless Chemical Flooring

3. 1. SOFT FLOOR COVERING
•Soft flooring is a popular option for many people because of its comfort and
wide range of colors and texture.
• manufactured as a roll.
• Known as flexible tiles.
• Types of soft floor covering are…
1. CARPET 2. LINOLEUM
3. VINYL 4. CORK

4. 1. CARPET
• Widely used in interiors.
• manufactured as roll.
• Made of wool, nylon and polyester.
•Available in broad range of color sand
patterns.
• It is flat and even regardless of whether.
• Fairly durable material and affordable.
• Need regular maintenance and care to
look its best all the time.
• easy to install.
2. LINOLEUM
• Natural floor covering made from linseed oil
pine resin.
• Linoleum is manufactured in matte and
polished finishes.
• Naturally anti-bacterial surface and available
in tile or sheet form.
• helpful for complicated shape of room.

5. 3. VINYL• Man made flooring material.
• made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• Durable and water proof.
• Deal with wet area like Kitchen and Bathrooms.
• Available in variety of colors and patterns, including
faux wood and stone effects.
• Easy to lay but prone to damage from heavy objects
dragged over it.
• Available in tiles and sheets.
4. CORK
• Natural product ideal for wet areas.
• Water and strain resistance.
• Available in natural shades of pale to dark
brown, green, grey and blue.
• Eco-friendly flooring used in commercial
buildings.
• High level durability materials.
• Reduce noise and vibrations.

6. 2. WOOD FLOORING•Many different species of wood are fabricated into wood flooring in two primary forms:
plank and parquet.
•Hardwoods are typically much more durable than softwoods. Reclaimed lumber has a
unique appearance and is used in green (environmentally responsible) building.
The few types of wood flooring materials are s follows:-
1. LAMINATES 2. BAMBOO
3. WOODEN FLOOR
BOARD
4. PARQUETRY FLOOR

7. 1. LAMINATES
• One of the cheapest flooring material.
• Easy to maintain.
• laminates provides a strong, durable surface
that can resist burns, scratches and chipping.
• Excellent solution for high traffic areas.
• Comes in wide range of colour and design.
• Use in high moisture room.
• Easier to install and more traditional surfaces
such as hardwood flooring.
2. BAMBOO FLOORING
• Latest addition of flooring types.
• Greener solution when compare to traditional
flooring materials.
• Durable, elegant and come in variety of colour
usually ranging from honey brown to light tan.
• Provides strong, clean surface but darken over
time when exposed to sunlight.
•Bamboo flooring should not be left wet.

8. 3. WOODEN FLOOR BOARD
• Wood floors are sensitive to
moisture, an underlayment such
as building paper or a vapor
retarder should be laid over the
subfloor first.
• Solid end-grain blocks come in
variable sizes with a 9” block
being the most common.
4. PARQUET FLOORING
• Parquet means patterns.
• Consist of pieces of wood flooring put together
to form a decorative pattern.
• Available in many geometrical design patterns.
• Most parquet floors are forms into a block as a
solid unit or as a layer of veneer .

9. 2. HARD FLOORING
• Hard flooring is a family of flooring materials that includes concrete/cement,
ceramic tiles, glass tiles and natural stone product.
1. CONCRETE FLOORS
5. NATURAL STONES TILES
4. GLASS TILES
2. MARBLE TILES
3. CERAMIC TILES

10. 1. CONCRETE FLOORS
2. MARBLE TILES
• Sustainable option for flooring
•Tough and resilient.
• Able to withstand the pressure from very
heavy equipments such as car, trucks etc.
• popular for hard working like garages and
warehouses.
• Require minimum amount of maintenance.
• Long lasting.
• Durable and versatile.
• Engrave with stylish textures and designs.
• Comes in many colours and different sizes,
usually around 12x12”.
• Easy to install.
• Used for floors, walls and hallway columns.

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3. CERAMIC TILES
4. GLASS TILES
• Used as floor tiles, indoors, or as counter tops.
• Water proof flooring materials use in kitchen
and bathrooms.
• Unglazed ceramic tiles are the best alternative
for outdoor flooring.
•Finishes available are: matte, embossed, glazed
and textures once for anti-slip.
•Made from a mixture of clay and fire at high
temperature
• The biggest drawback is that grout lines could
be very hard and difficult to clean.
• Amazing option for tiling in home.
• Sustainable, eco-friendly way to decorating
house.
• Made from sand and recycled glass.
• reflects light, which makes home brighter.
• Wide range of colours, shapes and finishes.
• Easily maintained through the glass cleaner.
• Use at swimming pools, outdoor kitchen, and
entertainment Areas, bathroom and backsplash
area etc.

12. 3. NATURAL STONES FLOORING
• Refers to a variety of mountain born materials
including Slate, Marble, Laminates, Granite, and
sandstone .
• Each piece of stone is a unique creation of
earth.
• Typical natural stone floor tile sizes are 12x12”,
13x13’, 16x16”, and 18x18’.
• In natural stone granite is the hardest and
densest.
• A polished stone surface creates a beautiful
glossy shine from the natural reflection of the
stone’s crystals

13. WINDOW DRESSINGS• Window dressing is a term to given to window treatments types serves
several purposes.
• Its increases privacy and keeps the sun from bursting into a room.
Excessive sunlight can damage upholstered fabrics, rugs and leather
furniture, as well as harm plants .
• Consider several types of window dressing when it is time to install or
replace window dressing.
1. Plantation shutters and Blinds
2. Sophisticated Curtains
3. Pull-down Roller Shades
4. Sheers
5. Roman Shades
6. Valances
7. Window Scarf
8. Stained Glass

14. 1. PLANTATION SHUTTERS & BLIN
• These are horizontal, wide slats.
• Available in 2 to 3 inches wide.
• Made of wood or manufactured polyurethane
that resemble wood.
• When Plantation blinds are purchased
readymade, Plantation shutters are carefully
measured and are usually custom made to fit
inside the window casing.
• Custom made shutters are costly while the
blinds are a bit less expensive.
2. SOPHISTICATED CURTAINS
• This type of curtain usually has room
darkening cloths behinds the decorative fabric
to block sun light and make it easier to sleep
through the day.
• It also serves to make the room cooler and
somewhat soundproof.
• This curtains cost more than average curtains.
• Ideal for bedrooms and libraries etc.

15. 3. PULL-DOWN ROLLER SHADES
• Comes in wide variety of colors and sizes.
• Fit in any window size.
• Privacy in the main concern for roller
shades.
• This shades serve as a good backdrop to
window with curtain installed over them.
• Look for several things when purchasing
roller shades. Consider what the blinds are
used for.
4. SHEERS
• Window sheers filter sunlight into a room
and give windows extra layer that adds
architectural interest.
• Sheers were once available only in white
or ecru.
• Now found in every color imaginable,
making their use in even more creative and
practical.

16. 5. ROMAN SHADES
• Roman shades use a pulley system to roll
up horizontal layers and lend an air of
sophistication to a room.
• Primarily made of fabric.
• Purchased ready-made but are often
custom order to fit.
• Hang alone or pair them with sheers or
curtains.
• Usually have room darkening fabric liners.
6. VALANCES
• Runs the length of a curtain rod and
ranges from 12 to 36 inches long.
• Valances are sometimes fussy and
includes a lot of fringe or bedded trim.
• Valances gives the window a burst of
fashion without creating an entire
window that is overly dressed.

17. 7. WINDOW SCARF
• Long, trailing length of fabric that drops
horizontally atop across the window, over
existing drapery.
• Modern approach to using it to install the
window scarf in a window without drapes.
• This concept work best with windows that
don’t require covering due to sun exposure.
• Minimal look meant to keep windows from
looking cluttered.
8. STAINED GLASS
• Windows are also dressed by decorating
the glass panes in the window.
• Commercial adhesive product is
available that is peeled off the sheet of
paper and pressed onto windows, creating
a stained glass appearance.
• Many floral scenes and colors are
available to choose from.

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WALL FINISHES•Finishing can be considered as either interior finishing or exterior finishing,
using materials that may include cladding, doors, windows, exterior trims,
paint, and moldings.
•It is the final touches placed on a wall that finishes the wall an acceptable
visual look
1. Plastering and Painting
2. Cladding
3. Motifs
4. Fabric wall finish
5. Gypsum Finish
6. Paneling
7. Mural
8. Wallpapers

19. 3. PLASTERING AND PAINTING
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