The document discusses different types of ceiling and flooring materials used in interior design. It describes dropped ceilings, exposed ceilings, tightly attached ceilings, suspended ceilings, and other ceiling types. It also outlines various flooring options like hardwood, ceramic tiles, bamboo, laminate, vinyl and linoleum. Details are provided on the composition, advantages, and applications of each material type.

1. MATERIALS
- CEILING AND FLOORING
INTERIOR DESIGN-1
SUBMITTED BY:
FAISAL AMAAN 19BAR1028
VISHAB SOMANI 19BAR1029
PRIYANKA 19BAR1032
SAKSHAM SHARMA 19BAR1035
AMAN SHARMA 19BAR1040
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
ARCHITECTURE
ART- 424

2. CEILING
A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits
of a room
It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished
surface concealing the underside of the roof structure or the floor of a
storey above.
Ceilings can be decorated to taste, and there are many fine examples
of frescoes and artwork on ceilings especially in religious buildings.
The most common type of ceiling is the dropped the ceiling which is
suspended from structural elements above.
Pipework or ducts can be run in the gap above the ceiling, and
insulation and fireproofing material can be placed here.
Other types of ceiling include the cathedral ceiling, the concave or
barrel-shaped ceiling, the stretched ceiling and the coffered ceiling.

3. TYPES OF CEILING
EXPOSED CEILING:
In some buildings, it is possible to omit a 'finished' ceiling
completely and simply expose the structural and mechanical
components of the building to the interior.
This type of ceiling offers the advantages of economy and ease
of access for maintenance, and can also expose the thermal mass
of the building
The thermal mass of exposed ceilings can be further exploited by
the installation of heating or cooling elements such as chilled
beams.
If well designed and installed, roof structures and floor structures
can be aesthetically pleasing if left exposed to the space below,
such as timber beams, concrete slabs, space trusses, and so on.

4. TYPES OF CEILING
TIGHTLY ATTACHED CEILINGS:
Ceilings made of gypsum, plasterboard, tongued and grooved timber, and so on, may be attached tightly to timber joists
or rafters, steel joists, or concrete slabs.
Careful detailing is required where beams or other obstructions protrude through the plane of the ceiling, such as vents,
conduits, pipes, sprinkler heads and so on.

5. TYPES OF CEILING
SUSPENDED CEILINGS:
Suspended ceilings (sometimes referred to as dropped ceilings or false ceilings) are secondary ceilings suspended from
the structure above (typically a floor or roof slab)
They create a void between the underside of the slab and the top of the suspended ceiling.

6. TYPES OF CEILING
ACOUSTICAL CEILINGS:
Acoustic ceilings tend to be made from fibrous materials that absorb sound energy, unlike plaster and gypsum ceilings.
They do not necessarily reduce the transmission of sound between spaces, rather they reduce the amount that reflects
back into the space and so can be used to tailor the acoustic character of a space.

7. TYPES OF CEILING
RADIANT CHILLED CEILINGS:
Radiant chilled ceilings typically incorporate a network of chilled water coils in ceiling panels with insulation above.
In some systems, pipework may be incorporated into plasterboard, but this is less efficient as plaster is an insulator. The
ceiling surface then cools the occupied space by both radiation and convection. This provides even temperatures
throughout the space and avoids draughts.

8. TYPES OF CEILING
STRETCHED-SKIN CEILING:
A stretched-skin ceiling (or stretch ceiling) is a form of suspended ceiling that consists of a thin membrane stretched
across a frame that runs around the perimeter of the ceiling.

9. TYPES OF CEILING
GYPSUM BOARD CEILING:
Gypsum is a mineral found in sedimentary rock formations in a crystalline form known as calcium sulphate dihydrate
CaSO42
Gypsum rock is mined or quarried and transported to the manufacturing facility.
It has concealed suspended framing. Its furring section forms a battening system on to the gypsum board is screwed
using drywall screws with an electric screwdriver. Furring sections are set at 600 mm to 450 mm centres depending on
thickness and no of layers of boar.

10. GLASS CEILING
Made of regular metal framework onto which glass panels are attached with the help of putty etc,
Glass panels are mainly 30 to 40 mm thick and they are usually 120 rs per panel.
They are mainly used in area like shower cabins etc where there is a high chance for normal plastered ceiling to
get damaged.
They are normal fixed to the wall and not suspended

11. COMPARISON OF P.O.P & GYPSUM CEILLING
POP
1. P.OP BOARD SIZE 2’ X 3’
2. MORE JOINT
3. LESSER ON COST
4. REQUIRES MORE CHANNEL
5. PRICE OF SQ. FEET IS 30
TO 35 RS.
6. HEAVIER THAN GYPSUM
7. SHORTER LIFE SPAM
8. POSSIBILITY OF CRAKE IS
MORE
9. CUTTING IS HARD THAN
GYPSUM
10. HAS LESS STRENGTH
THAN GYPSUM
GYPSUM
1. GYSPUM BOARD SIZE 3’ X 6’
2. LESSER JOINT THAN P.O.P
CEILLING
3. COSTLIER INSTOLATION THAN
P.O.P
4. LESS CHANNEL THAN P.O.P
5. PRICE OF ONE Sq. FEET IS 35 TO
40 RS.
6. LIGHTER THAN P.O.P
7. LONG LASTING THAN P.O.P
8. POSSIBILITY OF CRACKES IS LESS
9. CUTTING EASIER THAN P.O.P
10. HAS MORE STRENGTH THAN
P.O.P

12. FLOORING -
INTRODUCTION
• Flooring is basically the covering over the surface of the
floor.
• Flooring basically acts as the major connection
between the user and the space.
• Flooring also includes the elements of design and it
not only contributesto the room appearance,it also
has a great effect on visual comfort.
• The use and type of flooring totally depends upon the
purpose and function of the room respectively.
• Flooring is the foundation of the design it .
• If the flooring is wrong or impractical the overall design
may not work upto its potential.

13. TYPES OF FLOORING
➢ HardwoodFlooring :-
• Hardwood flooring is both beautiful and durable.
• Itadds natural beauty to the spacedue to its texture and
colors.
• Hardwood flooring can be refinished over a surfaceto
increaseits lifespan.
• EngineeredWoodFloors :-
• Engineered wood basically havea top veneer of wood that is
backed by layers of plywood or recycled wood fiber mixed
with stonedust.
• Adding the veneer layer makes the material more stable and
less susceptible to changes in temperatureor humidity then
purehardwood.

14. TYPES OF FLOORING
• Ceramic Tiles:-
• Hardwood flooring is both beautiful and durable.
• Itadds natural beauty to the spacedue to its texture and
colors.
• Hardwood flooring can be refinished over a surfaceto
increaseits lifespan.
• EngineeredWoodFloors :-
• Engineered wood basically havea top veneer of wood that is
backed by layers of plywood or recycled wood fiber mixed
with stonedust.
• Adding the veneer layer makes the material more stable and
less susceptible to changes in temperatureor humidity then
purehardwood.

15. TYPES OF FLOORING
➢ Ceramic Tiles :-
• Ceramic tiles are made from a mixture of clay and shale that are baked and
hardened in a kiln.
• One can customize the floor patterns with the help of ceramic tile
because they come in a variety of shapes, colors, sizes and textures.
• Ceramic tiles come in four different types which are glazed, porcelain,
terracotta, and quarry tile.
➢ Bamboo Flooring :-
• Bamboo flooring is made up of strands of bamboo glued together to form solid
strips or planks.
• Bamboo flooring is exotically beautiful, tough and durable.
• It is considered a sustainable material as bamboo plants grow and regenerate
quickly.

16. TYPES OF FLOORING
➢ Travertine Flooring :-
• Travertine is a type of limestone that forms around hot springs.
• Travertine flooring comes with the color variations like ivory,
beige, reddish brown and gold.
• Travertine is easy to cut into many custom shapes.
➢ Laminate flooring :-
• Laminate is very durable, resistant to stains and fading, and easy
to install.
• Laminate flooring has a top layer protected by a plastic coating
and backed by other layers of plywood or compressed fibers.
• Laminate can look like real wood or even other materials like
stone, tile or concrete and can also come in a variety of colors
and patterns.
•

17. TYPES OF FLOORING
• Vinyl Flooring :-
• Vinylflooring is flexible becauseit is backed by a layer of felt
of foam.
• The upper surfaceof vinylflooring is stain and scratch-
resistant.
• Vinylis maintenance-free and comes in a variety of colors
and patterns.
• Linoleumflooring :-
• Linoleum is basically considered as the environmentally
friendly flooring.
• Itis made of renewable, biodegradable materials such as
linseed oil and cork.
• Linoleum comes in sheets, laminated planks or tiles.