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1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION –VIII
NAME-DIKSHA
ROLL NO.-6026
SEM-VIII
FLOORING AND ITS TYPE

2. FLOOR FINISHES
▪ A floor finish is a general term for a permanent covering of a
floor. It is expected to protect and extend the life of the floor
while providing an attractive appearance and slip resistant
surface.
INGREDIENTS
❖ There are five basic categories of
floor finish ingredients,
(1) Polymer emulsions,
(2) Film formers,
(3) Modifiers,
(4) Preservatives
(5) Water
TYPES
❖ Terrazzo Flooring
❖ Stone Flooring
❖ Timber Flooring
❖ Brick Flooring
❖ PCC Flooring
❖ PVC Flooring

3. WHAT’S IN A FLOOR FINISH
▪ As many as twenty-five ingredients. Some evaporate while
others remain after drying.
▪ Those that evaporate are "volatile" and those that stay on the
floor are "non-volatile" components.
▪ Ingredients are used to enhance floor finish characteristics like
hardness, gloss, clarity, scuff resistance, slip resistance, water
and detergent resistance, buff ability, removability, recoat
ability, and toughness.

5. TERRAZO FLOORING
➢ Terrazzo is a flooring material
traditionally made by exposing marble
chips on the surface of concrete and
then polishing until smooth.
➢ However terrazzo is now available in tile
form.
➢ It’s often used in public buildings
because it’s long-lasting and can be
refinished repeatedly.

6. COMPONENTS/INGREDIENTS
CONCRETE + STONE,
GLASS, PLASTIC
AGGREGATES = TERRAZO
The typical thickness
for terrazzo is between
2 1/2" and 3"
Best Use : Flooring, walls,
countertops, backsplashes
Installation Cost :
minimum 30 to 50 INR per
square feet to a max 200
INR.

7. INSTALLATION PROCESS

8. WHY USE TERRAZO FLOORING?
• Extremely hard wearing
• Easy to clean and maintain
• Attractive in appearance
• Flexible – can be designed to be in keeping with other
architectural features and colour schemes
• Hygienic – suitable for some areas of food preparation
and in
hospitals
• Cost effective – will outlive most other types of hard
flooring
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Unique beauty
2. Elegance
3. Longevity
4. Comfortable under
feet
5. Controls noise
1.Terrazzo is quite
slippery 2.Expensive
3.Need skills for
installation
4.Polishing needed for
maintaining the look.

9. DECORATIVE TERRAZO FLOORING

10. STONE FLOORING

11. ➢Stone flooring is a type of flooring in which the floor is covered with stone slabs or
stone tiles
➢Used in public buildings because of it durability and hardness
STONE FLOORING
➢There are three basic types of rock from which we carve out stone
floors:
Sedimentary rock
Igneous
Metamorphic
MARBLE FLOORING
➢Various colors depending on origin.
➢fine and prosperous looking floors.
➢Mainly used in homes for interior flooring reason
➢expensive flooring.
➢Available in different sizes
➢Price : 120-600 Rs per sq.ft.
Advantages Disadvantages
Very hard in
nature
Extremely
durable
Variety of colours
Formation of cracks
Regular washing and
cleaning
Weight of material

12. SLATE FLOORING
➢can be used in homes for outdoor flooring reasons.
➢very hard in nature.
➢variety of colors.
➢extremely durable.
➢slip-resistant .
➢Available in different sizes and shapes
➢Price : 15-80 Rs per sq.ft

13. GRANITE FLOORING
➢granite is composed of quartz and feldspar
mixed with particles of mica.
➢coarse-grained, light-colored
➢long life and easy to install
➢granite floors are being used in areas
which are used every day.
➢Available in different sizes
Price : 30-100 Rs per sq.ft

14. INSTALLATION PROCESS
1. 2.
4.
3.

15. TIMBER
FLOORING
TIMBER FLOORING

16. o Timber flooring is any product
manufactured from timber that is
designed for use as flooring, either
structural or aesthetic.
o common choice as a flooring material
due to its environmental profile,
durability, and restorability.
o Used in interiors as well as exteriors.
o Divided into two categories:
o SOLID
o ENGINEERED
INTRODUCTION

17. o One of easiest ways to add value to a
home.
o Cost effective, durable and classy, solid
wood floors are one of the few long-
lasting home fixtures
o Made of planks milled from a single
piece of timber.
o Many genuine timber floors are
immediately distinctive by the width of
the planking, weathered patina and
distinctive grain.
o Can be self installed without calling the
professional.
o Sizes:125x600x15mm,150x700x16mm
SOLID/HARDWOOD

18. o most common type of wood flooring used
globally.
o composed of two or more layers of wood in the
form of a plank where
o TOP LAYER :Aluminum oxide and is specially
treated to achieve high wear resistance.
o SECOND LAYER :Real hardwood veneer.
o CORE LAYER : stacked layers of plywood, HDF
(high density fiberboard) or MDF (medium
density fiberboard) lay at 90 degree angles to
each other.
o This gives the flooring better structural stability
and bonded together under heat and pressure.
o More suitable in high moisture areas or in areas
of frequent temperature changes.
o It does not warp or cup during climatic changes.
o Sizes:24{T}X180{W}X1830{L},24{T}X190{W}X1200-
2400{L}
ENGINEERED

19. LAYING
▪ Over the finished floor,wooden planks with tongue and groove are placed.
▪ The tongue and groove are jotted into each othersimilarly the whole flooring is laid.

20. APPLICATIONS
❑ Usually layed in interiors(bedroom,
living area, dining area, kitchen)and
bathroom excluding the wet areas.
❑ Used in skirting.
❑ Nowadays,Timber planks are widely
used in exteriors.
COST
❑ Ranges from Rs 60-Rs 600 per
square feet.

21. ❑Wood Floor Finishes are very popular as they are
durable, water-resistant, and require minimal
maintenance.These are blends of synthetic resins.
❑Most popular modern finishes for wood flooring are
oil-modified Urethane and water-based
polyurethane.
❑WATER BASED:Appear clear and will resist turning
yellow over time.
1. They have a mild odor when applied, and will dry in
two to three hours.
2. Water-based finishes are very durable.
❑OIL BASED:
1. appear amber in color.
2. They have a moderate odor when applied, and will
dry in about eight hours.
3. Produces sheen appearance of the floor.
FINISHES

22. EASY MAINTAINENCE:
❑If taken care of,it lasts for many years,despite of much traffic and use.
❑Easier to clean & get harder as they age, which makes them even easier to
clean.
❑Does’nt dust mites
DURABILITY
❑Solid hardwood is among the longest lasting of all flooring types.With today’s
flooring finishes, these floors are also water resistant.
VARIETY:
❑These are also easy to match to nearly any home style and design.There are a
lot of styles, colours and species of timber flooring available than ever before.
❑Hardwood timber floors will always look good both in contemporary and
traditional interior design.
ADVANTAGES

23. VINYL FLOORING

24. SOME BASIC VINYL FLOORING
1. THEROTILE
•
THIS IS A TYPE OF VINYL TILE.
THIS CAN BE FIXED ON ANY AREA OF YOUR
HOME.
THIS COSTS AROUND RS. 60/SQ. FT.
2. BASIC VINYL SHEET
•
THIS IS A PLAIN VINYL SHEET, MOSTLY USED IN
HOSPITALS AND INDUSTRIES.
•ONE CAN SELECT THE BASIC COLOUR OF
SHEET AND CHOOSE SOME PRINTING IMAGES
OF ONE’S OWN CHOICE.
THIS COSTS AROUND RS. 30/SQ. FT.

25. EMBOSSED
EMBOSSED VINYL FLOORING CAN BE
USED IN THE LIVING ROOM.
• UNLIKE OTHER EMBOSSED DESIGNS,
THIS IS EASY TO CLEAN AND MAINTAIN.
THIS COSTS AROUND RS. 52 – RS. 120 /
SQ. FT.
PRINTED
PRINTED VINYL FLOORING WILL BE
AWESOME TO LOOK. THE DESIGNS YOU
GET IN VINYL WILL NOT EVEN BE
AVAILABLE IN TILES, MARBLES AND
GRANITES.
THIS WILL COST YOU AROUND RS. 20 –
RS. 40/SQ. FT.

26. 3. PVC VINYL FLOORING
•
CHOOSE PVC VINYL FLOORING FOR A CLASSIC
LOOK.
THIS WILL COST YOU AROUND RS. 80 – RS.
100/SQ. FT.
4. ANTI – SKIP
THIS FLOORING IS USED IN BATHROOMS
THOUGH IT IS CHEAP AND GOOD TO LOOK
IT IS VINYL IT TENDS TO PEEL WHEN IT IS PRONE TO
WET.
5. TRANSPORT FLOORING
ONE CAN USE TRANSPORT VINYL FLOORING IN
YOUR PARKING AREA AS IT IS MANUFACTURED
SPECIALLY FOR BARING THE WEIGHT OF THE
VEHICLE.

27. AVAILABILITY:
VINYL SHEETS ARE AVAILABLE IN ROLLS ,HAVING WIDTH 6’ TO 12’ WIDTH.
TYPICAL VINYL TILES ARE AVAILABLE IN SIZES OF 1 SQ FT.
VINYL PLANKS ARE AVAILABLE IN SIZES RANGING FROM 0.25’ BY 3’ OR LONGER
THEY GENERALLY HAVE THICKNESS OF 1MM, 1.3MM, 2MM AND 3MM.
PRICE RANGE VARIES FROM RS20 TO RS120 /SQ FT.
USES:
GENERALLY USED IN HOSPITALS WHERE MUCH OF CLEANLINESS IS REQUIRED.
IT IS INSTALLED IN CHILDREN ROOMS TO AVOID ACCIDENTS.
IT IS INSTALLED IN BLOOD BANKS.
IT IS ALSO INSTALLED IN HOTELS OF HOMES ,WHERE EVER DESIRED.

28. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•FREEDOM OF AESTHETIC EFFECTS
– AVAILABLE IN A WIDE RANGE OF
COLOURS AND PATTERNS
•EASE OF INSTALLATION, EASY TO
CLEAN
•EASILY RECYCLABLE
•VARIABLE THICKNESS
•LIGHT WEIGHT.
•DURABLE
•PROVIDES US WITH RANGE OF
CHOICE.
•VINYLL FLOORING WITH NON WAX
COATING HAS AN EASY TENDENCY OF
WEARING OUT .
•VINYL FLOORING CANNOT WITHSTAND
MUCH OF WATER OF CHEMICAL
CLEANSERS
•VINYL FLOORING TEND TO DIS COLOUR
OR FADE AWAY WHEN EXPOSED TO TOO
MUCH OF SUNLIGHT.
•TYPICAL VINYL FLOORING CANNOT
WITHSTAND MUCH PULLING OR PUSHING
OF OBJECTS OR SHARP OBJECTS.

29. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION FOR VINYL FLOORS.
ROTOGRAVURE VINYL:
THE COLOR AND PATTERN ARE PRINTED ON THE SURFACE LEVEL OF THE VINYL
ONLY.
THIS IS A LOWER COST AND MORE POPULAR METHOD OF PRODUCTION THAT
LEAVES THE COLOR AND PATTERN SUSCEPTIBLE TO WEARING AWAY OVER
TIME.
INLAID VINYL:
THE COLOR AND PATTERN GO ALL THE WAY THROUGH THE VINYL.
THIS MAKES THE COLOR AND PATTERN VERY WEAR–RESISTANT.
ROTOGRAVUR
E
INLAID VINYL

30. VINYL FLOORING CONSTRUCTION
VINYL FLOORING IS CREATED IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
HOMOGENOUS OR SOLID:
HOMOGENOUS (SOLID) VINYL IS UNIFORM IN STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION
THROUGHOUT, WITH NO ADDED BACKING.
INLAID:
• INLAID VINYL IS MADE BY ADDING GRANULES OF VINYL TO A VINYL BACKING.
HEATING THEM WITH THE WEAR (SURFACE) LAYER.
• THIS CREATES COLORS PATTERNS THAT WILL LAST EVEN IF THE SURFACE LAYER
BEGINS TO WEAR DOWN

31. LAYERED COMPOSITE
• LAYERED COMPOSITE VINYL IS THE
MOST COMMON TYPE OF VINYL
FLOORING.
• IT CONSISTS OF FOUR DISTINCT LAYERS.
•THE BACKING (BOTTOM) LAYER IS
VINYL, FIBERGLASS OR FELT.
•THIS LAYER IS COVERED WITH A
CORE LAYER OF LIQUID POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE (PVC) AND FILLER,
• WHICH IS TOPPED WITH A
DECORATIVE LAYER
•A WEAR LAYER OF PROTECTIVE,
CLEAR VINYL

32. VINYL FLOORING WEAR LAYERS
VINYL NO–WAX:
THE LEAST DURABLE OF THE THREE, YOUR FLOOR WILL
NONETHELESS RESIST SCRAPES, SCUFFS, AND SOME STAINS.
REQUIRED MAINTENANCE INCLUDES REGULAR WASHING
A GOOD POLISHING FROM TIME TO TIME TO RESTORE SHINE.
URETHANE (PVC):
URETHANE SURFACES WILL KEEP THEIR "LIKE NEW"
APPEARANCE LONGER THAN MOST VINYL NO–WAX SURFACES,
AS WELL AS RESIST STAINS, SCRAPES, SCUFFS, AND HEEL
MARKS.
IT HAS A MORE TEXTURED SURFACE, WHICH SOMETIMES
SIMULATES TILE OR STONE PATTERNS.
ENHANCED URETHANE:
THIS MOST DURABLE OF WEAR LAYERS RESISTS STAINING
FROM MANY COMMON HOUSEHOLD ELEMENTS.
SINCE GRIME AND DIRT WILL NOT STICK TO THIS TYPE OF
SURFACE.
THE ONLY MAINTENANCE NEEDED IS AN OCCASIONAL SWEEP
OR MOPPING.

33. INSTALLATION OF VINLY
FLOORING

34. APPLICATION ON THE FLOOR

35. MAINTAINANCE
•THE VINYL FLOORS SHOULD FIRST BE DUSTED
AND THEN DAMP-MOPPED.
• MICROFIBER CLOTHS AND MOPS ARE ABLE TO
SOAK 7 TO 10 TIMES THEIR WEIGHT IN LIQUID
AND ARE EXCELLENT AT TRAPPING DEBRIS AND
DUST
•ONE SHOULD NOT "DRENCH" THE VINYL. WATER
CAN WORK ITS WAY INTO CRACKS AND SEAMS
WHEN A MOP IS TOO WET, DESTROYING THE
GLUE.
• THIS CAUSES THE VINYL TO COME LOOSE
AND/OR CORNERS TO CURL UP.
•OVER-USE OF CLEANING CHEMICALS ON NO-
WAX VINYL WILL CAUSE A FILM OVER THE
SURFACE.
"IT GETS STICKY AND ACTUALLY ATTRACTS THE
DIRT,"

36. THANKYOU