Upholstery involves padding and covering furniture, especially seats, with materials like fabric or leather. There are different types of upholstery work including traditional, automobile, commercial, and marine upholstery. Roller blinds are used in windows and come in various materials like fabric to provide functions like privacy, aesthetics, and protection from elements. Natural and artificial fabrics are used in interior design and upholstery with different properties and applications for areas like furniture, curtains, and wall coverings.

1. UPHOLSTERY
Definition: Upholstery is the work of providing furniture,
especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or
leather covers.
TYPES OF UPHOLSTERY
Traditional upholstery: It is a craft which evolved over
centuries for padding and covering chairs, seats and sofas,
before the development of sewing machines synthetic fabrics
and plastic foam.
Automobile upholstery: An automotive upholsterer, also
known as a trimmer, coach trimmer or motor trimmer, shares
many of the skills required in upholstery, in addition to being
able to work with carpet.
Commercial upholstery: This is the type of upholstery work
offered to businesses. Examples would be restaurant seating
consisting of booth seats, dining room chairs, bar stools, etc.
Marine upholstery: Marine upholstery differs in that one has
to consider dampness, sunlight and hard usage. A vinyl or
material that is UV and cold-cracking resistant is the choice.
ROLLER BLIND CURTAINS
• Roller blind: In addition to the standard white
mechanism, roller blinds can be ordered with transparent,
chrome-plated steel or brass mechanisms to facilitate
integrating the window blinds with the existing interior
design.

2. MECHANISM OF ROLLER BLIND

3. FUNCTIONS OF ROLLER BLIND:
• Protects from solar radiation.
• Ensures privacy.
• Serves as an interior design element
• Protect from dust and smoke
• Provide aesthetics
Materials
• Fabric
– monochrome, semi-transparent
– semi-transparent with pattern
– semi-transparent, light-reflective
– monochrome, blackout
– blackout with pattern

4. COLOURED FABRIC IN INTERIOR ARHCITECTURE
Natural fiber is usually made of natural supplements and often
expensive to be purchased. However, as its name suggests natural
fabric is more durable, soft, luxurious and resilient. Some of the
common used natural fiber used to make fabric is linen, cotton, silk,
hemp, jute, wool, horsehair, cashmere, mohair, camelhair.
1.Silk fabric
• Strongest natural fabric in the world. It is animal fiber
which is obtained from cocoon of the silkworm moth.
• Known for its softness, luster, beauty and luxurious look.
• Higher grade fabric providing comfort in all types of
weather.
• It provides a rich element to any room when you use it
for window coverings, pillows, exotic bed coverings or
even as an upholstery covering. It has a soft luster to it
and the fibers themselves are actually prism like, which is
why the material shines it reflects light at various angles.
• However silk is that it is not very durable. It is prone to
wrinkling and it will stain very easily. I would avoid using
silk in high traffic areas such as family room.

5. 2. LINEN FABRIC
•Linen is a natural fiber derived from the plant flax.
•It provides tough yarn which appears slight glossy and
smooth.
•The fabric made from linen fiber which is moth resistant
and hardwearing. It can be easily washable and strong
when wet.
3. WOOL
 Wool is another natural fiber fleeced from sheep and
further processed through various refinements.
 Wool comes in natural colors but it can be dyed in various
other colors. It is considered good insulator and is
generally used in cold areas.
 Wool is versatile and can be blended with synthetics to
derive an improved fabric
 Mostly used on rugs, seat draping, pillow covers, curtains etc.

6. 4. COTTON
• Cotton is a natural fiber that is found in a lot of different
blends and fabrics.
• It is comfortable and breathable, which makes it an
excellent fabric to work with.
• It also has the wonderful traits of being resistant to fading
and other signs of wear and tear.
• However it tends to stain and become soiled very easily.
Hence if you choose to use cotton in your home, you
should use a cotton blend instead of pure cotton.
• Best used in pillow covers, bedcovers, seat covers etc.

7. 5. Leather
• It is a natural fabric that is produced by tanning various
hides, usually from cows.
• Leather adds a rich element to homes and many people
love it but this is not the easiest fabric to have in your
home.
• It requires a lot of work and its color fades if it is placed in
direct sunlight.
• It also gets scratched and stained easily.
• However, it does make a statement wherever you use it
and can be an excellent choice for many rooms.
• Best used on leather seats, decorative wall panels in
bedrooms, puffs etc
.

8. Artificial fibers are obtained from different processes such
as synthesis of polymers or alteration of natural fibers.
This type of fiber is usually made from natural sources like
wood pulp and fiber obtained from other plants. The
market of artificial fibers has widened due to the modern
techniques of combining plant and other sources to make
this fiber
Some of the popular artificial fibers are classified as
acetate, rayon, triacetate and modified rayon.
.
6. RAYON
• Also known to many designers as “art silk,” rayon
• Semi-synthetic fabric that is a great alternative to silk.
• It has a bright shiny texture to it and is a great choice for
many homes that are looking for something that is more
durable than silk is.
• It is produced from processed wood pulp and valued for its
characteristics like hardness, strength and high
absorbency.
• However it loses its strength when wet and shrinks. It is
more prone to burning and can rapidly catch fire.
• Rayon is widely used because it is economical and
has wonderful properties of draping.

9. 7. ACETATE
 Acetate is obtained from wood.
 It has low absorbency and strength.
 This fiber is moth resistant and widely used for draping
facility.
 After rayon, acetate is a common substitute of various
natural fibers as it is versatile and inexpensive.
 It is further used in making of satins and other fibers.
 Mostly used on furniture, curtains, draping etc.
8. OLEFIN
• This material is comfortable and functional.
• It is a very common material that is used in furniture since
the fabric is durable, holds color and stain resistant.
• This is the perfect fabric for those high traffic areas and for
small fabric areas ie living room.

10. • Olefin is combined with other materials to create beauty
and function.
• It is very comfortable and is commonly used for furniture.
Sofa seats made using Olefin fabric
9. POLYESTER
• Used in drapes and bed sheets
• Polyester is usually blended with a variety of other fabrics.
• It can be used in a number of ways and is found in a
number of textures.
• It is a good choice for sitting areas since polyester is
resistant to wrinkling.
10. ACRYLIC
• This is a synthetic fabric that was created as an alternative
to wool and it has begun seeing use as an alternative to
cashmere.
• The fabric is surprisingly soft and comfortable and its
durability makes it an excellent choice for home decor.
• Generally, acrylic fabrics hold color extremely well and
resists shrinkage, which is excellent when you have to
clean some of your fabrics.

11. • Acrylic fabric also resists stains and wear and tear. It is
also resistant to wrinkles.
11. NYLON
• Nylon is a resilient fabric that has a silky texture to it.
• It is usually resistant to stains and it holds color extremely
well.
• Although it is a strong fabric it tends to only be used in
blends and not on its own

12. 12. VELVET
• Velvet is a right choice for those who prefer luxury home
decor.
• It is luxurious, comfortable,.
• Velvet is a kind of smooth woven tufted fabric with short
dense pile, which can be either synthetic or natural.
• It is good and suitable for furniture, pillow covers, and
even wallpaper
• However it is difficult to clean because of its density.
TYPES OF CURTAIN STYLES

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14. TYPES OF CURTAINSTYLES

15. CURTAIN STYLES BASED ON STICHING

16. TYPES OF OFFICE FURNITURES