The document summarizes an academic article that proposes an intelligent traffic signal control system using an embedded system. The proposed system uses a high-performance microcontroller with built-in sensors to detect traffic volume and emergency vehicles in real-time. This allows the system to dynamically adjust traffic light timings based on current conditions, reducing traffic jams and improving response times for emergency vehicles compared to traditional fixed-time systems. The system was tested experimentally and shown to effectively estimate unknown traffic volumes and prioritize passage of multiple emergency vehicles.
Intelligent traffic information and control systemSADEED AMEEN
As the problem of urban traffic congestion spreads, there is a pressing need for the introduction of advanced technology and equipment to improve the state of the art of traffic control. In current situation, the signal remains green until the present cars have passed. To avoid those problems we propose a system for controlling the traffic light by image processing. The system will detect vehicles through images instead of using electronic sensors embedded in the pavement. A camera will be installed alongside the traffic light. It will capture image sequences. For this purpose, edge detection has been carried out and according to percentage of matching traffic light-durations can be controlled. In addition, when an emergency vehicle is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn ON the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller. Intelligent traffic control system helps to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Traffic signal management system is developed for the traffic police, to control the traffic lights manually. Additionally an information system is added using a chat bot module to avail traffic information to user.
VEHICLE DENSITY CONTROLLED AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC LIGHT from KMP Engineering collegeHIGHVOLTEEE
ABSTRACT
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal
system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density
at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities
across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these
cities. Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted
to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic
density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at
one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard
allotted time. The proposed system using a microcontroller of 8051 series duly
interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to
accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting
time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR and photodiodes are
in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic
signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium,
high based on which timings are allotted accordingly. Further the project can
be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions in the city by establishing
a network among them. The network can be wired or wireless. This
synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic congestion.
Project report on wireless based traffic control for emergency vehicleNeeraj Lohani
This project report is based on wireless based traffic control for emergency vehicle. In which we use the RF receiver and transmitter with an encoder and decoder module.
Intelligent traffic information and control systemSADEED AMEEN
As the problem of urban traffic congestion spreads, there is a pressing need for the introduction of advanced technology and equipment to improve the state of the art of traffic control. In current situation, the signal remains green until the present cars have passed. To avoid those problems we propose a system for controlling the traffic light by image processing. The system will detect vehicles through images instead of using electronic sensors embedded in the pavement. A camera will be installed alongside the traffic light. It will capture image sequences. For this purpose, edge detection has been carried out and according to percentage of matching traffic light-durations can be controlled. In addition, when an emergency vehicle is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn ON the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller. Intelligent traffic control system helps to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Traffic signal management system is developed for the traffic police, to control the traffic lights manually. Additionally an information system is added using a chat bot module to avail traffic information to user.
VEHICLE DENSITY CONTROLLED AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC LIGHT from KMP Engineering collegeHIGHVOLTEEE
ABSTRACT
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal
system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density
at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities
across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these
cities. Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted
to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic
density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at
one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard
allotted time. The proposed system using a microcontroller of 8051 series duly
interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to
accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting
time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR and photodiodes are
in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic
signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium,
high based on which timings are allotted accordingly. Further the project can
be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions in the city by establishing
a network among them. The network can be wired or wireless. This
synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic congestion.
Project report on wireless based traffic control for emergency vehicleNeeraj Lohani
This project report is based on wireless based traffic control for emergency vehicle. In which we use the RF receiver and transmitter with an encoder and decoder module.
density based traffic control system with mannual overridemokshi koganti
so,,here is the documentation for this project which will be helpful to u regarding the project reviews
..................................................................mokshi
any doubts here to help
Improvement of Traffic Monitoring System by Density and Flow Control For Indi...IJSRD
The growth and scale of vehicles today makes management of traffic a constant problem. The existing traffic control system works based on a timing mechanism, meaning an equal time slot is provided for each junction. This is inefficient for non-uniform flow of vehicles. Hence there is a need for a system which is adaptive in nature. Routes should have an option of being granted more time slots depending on the requirements for the given route. This paper proposes a traffic congestion control system which would be adaptive in nature and provide time slot to each route based on traffic density.
Due to the heavy traffic in the road many people are suffering. Even though there is traffic signal available at various places it is not easy to control the crowd. In order to avoid traffic problem heavily on the road, we designed and developed a system so called as traffic controller with wireless control for ambulance and VIP vehicles. In this paper, we proposed an Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control for Congestion, Ambulance clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection. This system was implemented based on present criteria that tracking three conditions in those one is heavy traffic control and another one is making a root of emergency vehicle like ambulance and VIP vehicle. In this paper we are going to implement a sensor network work which is used to detect the traffic density and also use RFID reader and tags. We use AVR system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicles. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration using infrared sensor. If the RFID tag read belongs to the stolen vehicles. GSM SIM900 used for message sending towards the police control room. In addition, when an ambulance or some VIP vehicle if approach the junction, it will communicate the traffic controller in the junction to turn on the green light in the path.
TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL USING IR SENSORSKunal Kabra
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent auto traffic signal control system.
Traffic congestion is one of the major issues to be considered. Generally Vehicular traffic
Intersects at the junctions of the road and are controlled by the traffic signals .Traffic signals
Need a good coordination and control to ensure the smooth and safe flow of the vehicular traffic.
During the rush hours, the traffic on the roads is at its peak. Also, there is a possibility for the
Emergency vehicles to stuck in the traffic jam. Therefore; there is a need for the dynamic control
of the traffic during rush hours. Hence I propose a smart traffic signal controller .The proposed
System tries to minimize the possibilities of traffic jams, caused by the traffic lights, to some
Extent by clearing the road with higher density of vehicles and also provides the clearance for the Emergency vehicle if any. The system is based on the AVR micro controller and IR sensors
Technology.
A Comparative Study of Sensors for Road Traffic Density MeasurementIJSRD
Sensors plays a vital role for measurement of traffic density on road. To acquire the traffic data from road various sensor were used. Different sensors have their own advantages and limitation in terms of accuracy in measurement. However a sensor varies from parameter to parameter i.e range, location of installation, power consumption, number of scanned lanes, features etc. This paper describes about the conventional sensors that were used for traffic density measurement in automatic traffic control system. Also the comparison between different sensors has been discussed in this paper.
The goal of this project is to optimize traffic light controller in a Metropolitan City by varying the time of Traffic signal lights. The system tries to reduce possibilities of traffic jams, caused by traffic lights, to an extent and give ease to drivers to avoid congested path.
Lan based intelligent traffic light system with emergency service identificationIjrdt Journal
In this paper we implemented a traffic lights control system using LAN technology which has the capability of mimicking human intelligence for controlling traffic lights. It aims to do analysis, design, develop and deploy monitoring and information system jointly with the help of state of the art traffic equipment, to enable the safe and efficient and effective movement of traffic for all road users. In this work we implemented the first based on LAN networking. The aim of this paper is to design and implement the network based car traffic control system. This system mainly comprises of signalized junctions and central computer (sever) that is connected to every traffic signal junction (clients). Its main task is to adjust, in real times, signal timings in response to variation in traffic demand and system capacity. Real time data from traffic controls are collected and transported to a central computer (server) for analysis. The results of this work are reduction in normal recurring, significantly enhanced operational tools congestion to effectively manage traffic incidents, reduced pollution, faster response to reports of faults, improved public transport service, reduction in emergency response times and safer travel and less congestion during road works.
Project is used to control traffic signal system automatically with IR sensors. Signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at junctions.
Implementing intelligent traffic control system for congestion control, ambula...LeMeniz Infotech
Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control System for Congestion Control, Ambulance Clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection
This paper presents an intelligent traffic control system to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Each individual vehicle is equipped with special radio frequency identification (RFID) tag (placed at a strategic location), which makes it impossible to remove or destroy. We use RFID reader, NSK EDK-125–TTL, and PIC16F877A system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicle. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration. It also determines the network congestion, and hence the green light duration for that path. If the RFID-tag-read belongs to the stolen vehicle, then a message is sent using GSM SIM300 to the police control room. In addition, when an ambulance is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn ON the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules on CC2500 and PIC16F877A system-on-chip for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller.
Web : http://www.lemenizinfotech.com
web : http://www.lemenizinfotech.com/embedded-ieee-projects-2016-2017/
Web : http://ieeemaster.com
Web : http://ieeemaster.com/embedded-ieee-projects-2016-2017/
Address: 36, 100 Feet Road(Near Indira Gandhi Statue), Natesan Nagar, Pondicherry-605 005
Contact numbers: +91 95663 55386, 99625 88976 (0413) 420 5444
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Mobile : 9566355386 / 9962588976
density based traffic control system with mannual overridemokshi koganti
so,,here is the documentation for this project which will be helpful to u regarding the project reviews
..................................................................mokshi
any doubts here to help
Improvement of Traffic Monitoring System by Density and Flow Control For Indi...IJSRD
The growth and scale of vehicles today makes management of traffic a constant problem. The existing traffic control system works based on a timing mechanism, meaning an equal time slot is provided for each junction. This is inefficient for non-uniform flow of vehicles. Hence there is a need for a system which is adaptive in nature. Routes should have an option of being granted more time slots depending on the requirements for the given route. This paper proposes a traffic congestion control system which would be adaptive in nature and provide time slot to each route based on traffic density.
Due to the heavy traffic in the road many people are suffering. Even though there is traffic signal available at various places it is not easy to control the crowd. In order to avoid traffic problem heavily on the road, we designed and developed a system so called as traffic controller with wireless control for ambulance and VIP vehicles. In this paper, we proposed an Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control for Congestion, Ambulance clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection. This system was implemented based on present criteria that tracking three conditions in those one is heavy traffic control and another one is making a root of emergency vehicle like ambulance and VIP vehicle. In this paper we are going to implement a sensor network work which is used to detect the traffic density and also use RFID reader and tags. We use AVR system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicles. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration using infrared sensor. If the RFID tag read belongs to the stolen vehicles. GSM SIM900 used for message sending towards the police control room. In addition, when an ambulance or some VIP vehicle if approach the junction, it will communicate the traffic controller in the junction to turn on the green light in the path.
TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL USING IR SENSORSKunal Kabra
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent auto traffic signal control system.
Traffic congestion is one of the major issues to be considered. Generally Vehicular traffic
Intersects at the junctions of the road and are controlled by the traffic signals .Traffic signals
Need a good coordination and control to ensure the smooth and safe flow of the vehicular traffic.
During the rush hours, the traffic on the roads is at its peak. Also, there is a possibility for the
Emergency vehicles to stuck in the traffic jam. Therefore; there is a need for the dynamic control
of the traffic during rush hours. Hence I propose a smart traffic signal controller .The proposed
System tries to minimize the possibilities of traffic jams, caused by the traffic lights, to some
Extent by clearing the road with higher density of vehicles and also provides the clearance for the Emergency vehicle if any. The system is based on the AVR micro controller and IR sensors
Technology.
A Comparative Study of Sensors for Road Traffic Density MeasurementIJSRD
Sensors plays a vital role for measurement of traffic density on road. To acquire the traffic data from road various sensor were used. Different sensors have their own advantages and limitation in terms of accuracy in measurement. However a sensor varies from parameter to parameter i.e range, location of installation, power consumption, number of scanned lanes, features etc. This paper describes about the conventional sensors that were used for traffic density measurement in automatic traffic control system. Also the comparison between different sensors has been discussed in this paper.
The goal of this project is to optimize traffic light controller in a Metropolitan City by varying the time of Traffic signal lights. The system tries to reduce possibilities of traffic jams, caused by traffic lights, to an extent and give ease to drivers to avoid congested path.
Lan based intelligent traffic light system with emergency service identificationIjrdt Journal
In this paper we implemented a traffic lights control system using LAN technology which has the capability of mimicking human intelligence for controlling traffic lights. It aims to do analysis, design, develop and deploy monitoring and information system jointly with the help of state of the art traffic equipment, to enable the safe and efficient and effective movement of traffic for all road users. In this work we implemented the first based on LAN networking. The aim of this paper is to design and implement the network based car traffic control system. This system mainly comprises of signalized junctions and central computer (sever) that is connected to every traffic signal junction (clients). Its main task is to adjust, in real times, signal timings in response to variation in traffic demand and system capacity. Real time data from traffic controls are collected and transported to a central computer (server) for analysis. The results of this work are reduction in normal recurring, significantly enhanced operational tools congestion to effectively manage traffic incidents, reduced pollution, faster response to reports of faults, improved public transport service, reduction in emergency response times and safer travel and less congestion during road works.
Project is used to control traffic signal system automatically with IR sensors. Signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at junctions.
Implementing intelligent traffic control system for congestion control, ambula...LeMeniz Infotech
Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control System for Congestion Control, Ambulance Clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection
This paper presents an intelligent traffic control system to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Each individual vehicle is equipped with special radio frequency identification (RFID) tag (placed at a strategic location), which makes it impossible to remove or destroy. We use RFID reader, NSK EDK-125–TTL, and PIC16F877A system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicle. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration. It also determines the network congestion, and hence the green light duration for that path. If the RFID-tag-read belongs to the stolen vehicle, then a message is sent using GSM SIM300 to the police control room. In addition, when an ambulance is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn ON the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules on CC2500 and PIC16F877A system-on-chip for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller.
Web : http://www.lemenizinfotech.com
web : http://www.lemenizinfotech.com/embedded-ieee-projects-2016-2017/
Web : http://ieeemaster.com
Web : http://ieeemaster.com/embedded-ieee-projects-2016-2017/
Address: 36, 100 Feet Road(Near Indira Gandhi Statue), Natesan Nagar, Pondicherry-605 005
Contact numbers: +91 95663 55386, 99625 88976 (0413) 420 5444
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Mobile : 9566355386 / 9962588976
Lightning continues to have major adverse impacts on the electric power grid, but there are no automated and tightly integrated systems to quickly and accurately identify all of the specific lightning strokes that impact power systems. As it stands today, comparing the estimated lightning parameters produced by continental scale lightning detection systems to the accurately measured local power system data does not produce the needed results. Nearly two decades ago concepts were described that have the potential to provide comprehensive information from the combination of data from these two different kinds of systems in near real time. This presentation gives an overview of lightning detection system evolution, and electric power data monitoring systems, then suggests using open source software (OSS) to develop a new approach for integrating these disparate systems at a fundamental data level to facilitate a dramatic step change in the timeliness and accuracy of identifying lightning strokes that impact the grid. This OSS based approach will foster collaboration and community involvement to further refine and deploy this new paradigm.
Electric power companies are no exception when it comes to the flood of data now available to support business decisions and practices. To leverage the value in that flood rather than being overwhelmed, new automated analytic systems are critical. This presentation describes an environment that allows the deployment of robust automated systems that integrate data from disparate sources and present targeted proactive notifications and enterprise wide dashboard visualizations.
DLPS is a kind of automatic lightning protection control system, which is applied to automatically calculate and carry out the dynamic preventive actions for a Smart Grid/power grid.
Smart Grid technology,traditional grid losses,implementation of smart grid leads to change in electrical system of a country, increases economy,decreases losses, a solution for problems faced by traditional grid system.
DLW is an integrated plant and its manufacturing facilities are flexible in nature. These can be utilized for manufacture of different design of locomotives of various gauges suiting customer requirements and other products.
To deal with various technologies which provide smart sensing in healthcare and compare them for their energy usage and battery life and discuss the format of communication to the database of these devices. To put forward devices which use smart sensors in advanced medical check-ups. To discuss the prospects of upcoming technology called Smart Dust in e-health and its advantages and effects for better deployment of trustworthy services in healthcare keeping in mind all the capabilities of the Smart Sensor.
Powerpoint Search Engine has collection of slides related to specific topics. Write the required keyword in the search box and it fetches you the related results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A continuous time adc and digital signal processing system for smart dust and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
OBSERVATIONAL DISCRETE LINES FOR THE DETECTION OF MOVING VEHICLES IN ROAD TRA...ijcseit
The paper deals with the development of mathematical models and algorithms for video processing in digital video surveillance systems to detect moving objects. The model and algorithm can be applied in video surveillance systems to identify moving objects on a surveillance area. The reduction of the
calculations for the segmentation of video is considered and describes the algorithm of Observational discrete lines for the detection and tracking of moving objects is proposed in this article.
OBSERVATIONAL DISCRETE LINES FOR THE DETECTION OF MOVING VEHICLES IN ROAD TRA...ijcseit
The paper deals with the development of mathematical models and algorithms for video processing in digital video surveillance systems to detect moving objects. The model and algorithm can be applied in
video surveillance systems to identify moving objects on a surveillance area. The reduction of the calculations for the segmentation of video is considered and describes the algorithm of Observational discrete lines for the detection and tracking of moving objects is proposed in this article.
Weather monitoring plays a very important role in human life hence study of weather system is necessary.
Currently there are two types of the weather monitoring stations available i.e. wired and wireless. Wireless
system has some advantages over the wired one hence popular now a days. The parameters are include in
weather monitoring usually temperature, humidity atmospheric pressure, light intensity, rainfall etc. There are
many techniques existed using different processor such as PIC, AVR, ARM etc. Analog to digital channel are
used to fetch the analog output of the sensors. The wireless techniques used in the weather monitoring having
GSM, FM channel, Zigbee, RF etc Protocols.
OBSERVATIONAL DISCRETE LINES FOR THE DETECTION OF MOVING VEHICLES IN ROAD TRA...ijcseit
The paper deals with the development of mathematical models and algorithms for video processing in
digital video surveillance systems to detect moving objects. The model and algorithm can be applied in
video surveillance systems to identify moving objects on a surveillance area. The reduction of the
calculations for the segmentation of video is considered and describes the algorithm of Observational
discrete lines for the detection and tracking of moving objects is proposed in this article.
Autonomous Traffic Signal Control using Decision Tree IJECEIAES
The objective of this paper is to introduce an effective and efficient way of traffic signal light control to optimize the traffic signal duration across each lanes and thereby, to minimize or completely eliminate traffic congestion. This paper introduces a new approach to resolve the traffic congestion problem at junctions by making use of decision trees. The vehicle count in the real time traffic video is determined by Image Processing technique. This information is fed to the decision tree based on which the decision is made regarding the status of traffic signal lights of each lane at the junction at any given instant of time.
Recently, research has picked up a fervent pace in the area of fault diagnosis of electrical vehicle. Like failures of a position sensor, a voltage sensor, and current sensors. Three-phase induction motors are the “workhorses” of industry and are the most widely used electrical machines. This paper presents a scheme for Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI). The proposed approach is a sensor-based technique using the mains current measurement. Current sensors are widespread in power converters control and in electrical drives. Thus, to ensure continuous operation with reconfiguration control, a fast sensor fault detection and isolation is required. In this paper, a new and fast faulty current sensor detection and isolation is presented. It is derived from intelligent techniques. The main interest of field programmable gate array is the extremely fast computation capabilities. That allows a fast residual generation when a sensor fault occurs. Using of Xilinx System Generator in Matlab / Simulink allows the real-time simulation and implemented on a field programmable gate array chip without any VHSIC Hardware Description Language coding. The sensor fault detection and isolation algorithm was implemented targeting a Virtex5. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of this FDI approach.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
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What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
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As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
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Intelligent traffic signal control system using embedded system
1. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
Intelligent Traffic Signal Control System Using Embedded System
Dinesh Rotake1* Prof. Swapnili Karmore2
1. Department of Electronics Engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
2. Department of computer engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
* E-mail of the corresponding author: dineshrotake@hotmail.com
Abstract
A development of an intelligent traffic signal control (ITSC) system needed because present traffic light controllers
are based on old microcontroller such as AT89C51 which has very less internal memory and no in-built ADC. These
systems have limitation because they will use the predefined program that does not have the flexibility of
modification on real time application. The present traffic system have fixed time interval for green and red signal
which does not provide the flexibility to the system. The ITSC system consist of high-performance, low power
AVR_32 microcontroller with 32kbytes of in-system programmable flash memory and in-built 8-channel, 10-bit
ADC which is required to process the IR input from sensor network. The ITSC system will able to deal two basic
problem of traditional traffic light system: i) Detection of traffic volume by using genetic algorithm. ii) Emergence
vehicle detection such as ambulance, police etc by using wireless sensor network (IR) embedded at the signal
intersection.
Keywords: Traffic Volume Estimation, Genetic Algorithm, wireless sensor network, Vehicle detection, Intelligent
Traffic Signal Controller, embedded system.
1. Introduction
A steady increase in metro-city population, the number of automobiles and cars increases rapidly and metro traffic is
growing crowded which leads to the traffic jam problem. This proposed system will have effective role to avoid the
traffic jam.
Under ordinary conditions, traffic signals control mainly has two defects:
1. When the traffic lane waits until the green light, time setting is almost same and fixed. A-road was always
crowded with vehicles and go-ahead time is short. So, vehicles can’t pass through in the time allowed. But sublane
has few vehicles and go-ahead time is relatively long.
2. Emergency cars are not considered. (For example, fire engines and ambulances have priority over other traffic.
The two lanes should both wait them to pass through. ) Because the traffic light control system is lack of emergency
measures, the crossroads always meets a traffic jam and leads to unnecessary economic losses[1]. The author Zhang
Yuye et.al. [1] System use AT89C51 and CAN BUS controller which leads to complicated design and cost of the
system more because of CAN BUS controller. Also power requirement will be more in case of AT89C51 but the
proposed ITSC system will used low power AVR-32 microcontroller.
The author Manoj Kanta Mainali et.al.[2] proposed a genetic algorithm approach to estimate the traffic volume in
road sections without the traffic information of road sections. This method can estimate the unknown traffic volume
using only the known traffic volumes. So, proposed ITSC system use the advantage of [1][2] to design very
efficient system that use the combination of AVR-32 and genetic algorithm.
The author Cai Bai-gen et.al.[3] design a vehicle detection system based on magneto-resistive sensor is composed by
wireless traffic information collection nodes which are set on two sides of road to detect vehicle signal. The
magneto-resistive sensor is costly and maintenance cost of the system will be more if the system fails. This system is
lack of emergence measures and proposed ITSC system will able to solve this problem effectively.
The author S.L.Toral et.al.[4] design will provide good result for vehicle detection where ARM-based video
processor not only deals with the video processing algorithms but again the cost of system design will be more
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2. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
because camera will be required to capture video .
The author Shilpa S.Chavan et.al.[5] design of traffic light controller handles major problem of conventional traffic
signal. At certain junction, sometimes even if there is no traffic but people have to wait because the traffic light
remains red for the preset time and road users waits until the light turn to green. They try to solve this problem
effectively by using GSM but system will leads to complications. The proposed ITSC system solves this problem by
using genetic algorithm.
The author Ahmed S. Salamaet.al.[6] provide integrated intelligent traffic light system using photoelectric sensors
distributed on long range before and after traffic light on roads. Emergency cases such as , the passing president car
and ambulance that require immediate opening of traffic signal. The system has the ability to open a complete path
for such emergency cases until reaching the target but this system does not operate wells when more than one
emergence Vehicles come on the signal from two sides.
The proposed ITSC system solves this problem in most effective way. The rest of the paper is organized as follows.
Section 2 presents the definition and problem description. Section 3 described the proposed method and design.
Section 4 gives the experimental results and finally, Section 5 concludes the paper.
2. Definitions and Problem Description
The problems of typical conventional traffic light Controller are mentioned below:
2.1. Heavy Traffic Jams:
With increasing number of vehicles on road, heavy traffic congestion has substantially increased in major cities. This
happened usually at the main junctions commonly in the morning, before office hour and in the evening, after office
hours. The main effect of this matter is increased time wasting of the people on the road. The solution for this
problem is by developing the program which different setting delays for different junctions. The delay for junctions
that have high volume of traffic should be setting longer than the delay for the junction that has low of traffic. This
operation is calling Normal Mode [7].
2.2. No traffic, but still need to wait:
At certain junctions, sometimes even if there is no traffic, people have to wait. Because the traffic light remains red
for the preset time period, the road users should wait until the light turn to green. If they run the red light, they have
to pay fine. The solution of this problem is by developing a system which detects traffic flow on each road and set
timings of signals accordingly. Moreover, synchronization of traffic signals in adjacent junctions is also necessary
[8].
2.3. Emergency car stuck in traffic jam:
Usually, during traffic jam, the emergency vehicle, such as ambulance, fire brigade and police will be stuck
especially at the traffic light junction. This is because the road users waiting for the traffic light turn to green. This is
very critical problem because it can cause the emergency case become complicated and involving life [5].
2.4. When more than one emergency car came:
The proposed ITSC system solves this problem in most effective way. When more than one emergency car came then
most of the system fails. They give green signal to both which lead to traffic conjunction problem and also leads to
accidents. In ITSC system, this problem solve by giving red signal to all traffic. So only emergency cars will pass the
signal for particular time period.
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3. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
Figure1. Emergency Cases Activity Diagram
3. Proposed Method and Design
The proposed ITSC system consist of high-performance, low power AVR-32 microcontroller with 32kbytes of
in-system programmable flash memory and in-built 8-channel ADC which required to process the IR input from
sensor network. So complexity of system reduces as no additional ADC required.
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4. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
3.1 Required Data Input
The utilisation rate of machines in a period of time, Ut, can be calculated as the total processing time, tpro, over the
duration of periodical review, trev, and the number of machines, NM, on the shop floor:
Σ t pro, i
i
Ut =
t rev N M t (1)
As mentioned earlier, absenteeism and turnover are identified as the two major problems leading to workforce
disturbance. Each type of disturbance can be quantified by its frequency and intensity of occurrence. The frequency,
f , ascribes to how often it occurs over a period of time (e.g. one turnover in a month), whereas the intensity, t ,
refers to the average duration it has occupied (e.g. absent for two days). With the subscript Abs for absence and Tnv
for turnover, the collective disturbance rate for a period of time, δt, is hence computed as:
f Abs t + f Tnv t
δ =
Abs Tnv (2)
t t
NW
Where, NW represents the number of workers in total.
The emergency vehicle detection system based on wireless IR sensor network is shown below to solve two basic
problem related to emergency case:
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5. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
(3)
Case1: When single emergency car comes on the signal and no. of vehicles will be available in front of the
emergency vehicle. In this situation, IR sensor network detect the emergency car and then open divider gate to pass
the car. As the signal will be red for other vehicles, so no possibility of accident.
Case 2: When two emergency cars come on the signal and no. of vehicles will be available in front of the emergency
vehicle. In this situation, IR sensor network detect the emergency cars and then open divider gate to pass the cars.
Arrows will indicate the possible direction. The sensor network is used to open and close the divider gate when
emergency vehicles pass through gate.
The proposed ITSC system combines the advantages of hardware and software and we can easily control the traffic
system through central computer system.
4. Experiment Analyses
The ITSC system consist of AVR-32 microcontroller with inbuilt 8-channel ADC to receive IR-input from
IR-transmitter which is embedded in the emergence vehicle. The 8-IR sensors are used to detect the emergence
vehicle and open the divider gate to pass emergence car and then immediately closed the gate. This system used the
genetic algorithm to find the traffic flow information at signalized intersection using previous data. Genetic
algorithm calculates the green light time for signal depending on the three factor’s demands, densities, and flow. The
formula to calculate the green light time is given below:
Total time = (Demands) + (Densities) + (flows)
Where,
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6. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
Demands- Past dada of signalized intersection
Densities- No. Of present vehicle on the signal after red signal
Flows- Approximate no. Of vehicle comes from previous signal.
The following result shows the estimation of unknown traffic volumes to vary the time of green signal light:
Figure3.Waveform of density and flow for flow =12(vph), split ratio = 0.06224
Figure4.Waveform of density and flow for flow =108(vph), split ratio = 0.16224
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7. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
Figure5.Waveform of density and flow for flow =132(vph), split ratio = 0.25224
Figure6.Waveform of density and flow for flow =132(vph), split ratio = 0.50224
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8. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
All the above waveform will shows that when density and flow parameter will change then that will change the green
signal time. Only single parameter is also capable of changing the green signal time depending on the traffic flow
and density at present time.
So we will get the following result by fixing traffic flow and changing the value of split ratio in the range 0 to 1:
Figure7.Waveform of density and flow for flow =60(vph), split ratio = 0.25224
Figure8.Waveform of density and flow for flow =60(vph), split ratio = 0.50224
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9. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol 3, No 5, 2012
Snapshot of Hardware:
Figure9. AVR 32 Microcontroller Kit
Figure10. ITSC system (Upper view)
Figure11. ITSC system (Side view)
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Vol 3, No 5, 2012
5. Conclusions and Future Work
In this paper, an evolutionary approach to estimate the traffic volumes of road networks has been proposed, in which
real time traffic information is not provided. Genetic algorithm was used to estimate the unknown traffic volumes for
such road section whose traffic information not available. Present work considered a simple road sections under
static environments.
In future work, we will use real dynamic road section to estimate the unknown traffic volumes and apply to real
traffic. When more than one emergency car came then most of the system fails. They give green signal to both which
lead to traffic conjunction problem and also leads to accidents. In ITSC system, this problem solve by giving red
signal to all traffic and only emergency cars will pass the signal for particular time period.
References
[1] Zhang Yuye & Yan Weisheng, (2009) “Research of Traffic Signal Light Intelligent Control
System Based On Microcontroller”, First International Workshop on Education Technology and
Computer Science,pp301- 303.
[2] Manoj Kanta Mainali & Shingo Mabu (2010) “Evolutionary Approach for the Traffic Volume
Estimation of Road Sections”, pp100- 105, IEEE.
[3] Cai Bai-gen, ShangGuan Wei, Wang Jian & Chen Rui (2009) “The Research and Realization of
Vehicle Detection System Based on Wireless Magneto-resistive Sensor”, Second International
Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, pp476- 479.
[4] S. L. Toral, F. Barrero & M. Vargas (2008) “Development of an Embedded Vision based Vehicle
Detection System using an ARM Video Processor”, 11th International IEEE Conference on
Intelligent Transportation Systems Beijing, China, pp292- 297.
[5] Shilpa S. Chavan, Dr. R. S. Deshpande & J. G. Rana (2009) “Design of Intelligent Traffic Light
Controller Using Embedded System” Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Technology, pp1086- 1091.
[6] Ahmed S. Salama, Bahaa K. Saleh & Mohamad M. Eassa (2010) “Intelligent Cross Road Traffic
Management System (ICRTMS)”, 2nd International Conference on Computer Technology and
Development, pp27- 31.
[7] Stefan Peelen, Roelant Schouten, Merlijn SteingrÄover, “Design and Organization of
Autonomous Systems: Intelligent Traffic Light Control”.
[8] Wen and Yang,( 2006) “A dynamic and automatic traffic light control system for solving the road
Congestion problem” WIT Transactions on the Built Environment (Urban Transport). Vol. 89, pp
307-316.
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