The document describes a synchronized traffic signal controller that uses digital logic gates. It uses a 555 timer chip to generate a clock signal and a 4-bit counter to cycle through the four states of the traffic signals. Boolean logic gates implement the logic to control which signals are green, yellow, or red in each state based on the counter output. The circuit provides synchronized control of multiple intersections to facilitate smooth traffic flow.
Design of Elevator Controller using Verilog HDLVishesh Thakur
The aim of the project is to design and implement an Elevator/Lift Controller using Verilog hardware descriptive language (HDL). The Elevator Controller is a device used to control a lift motion and to indicate the direction of motion, and the present floor level, etc. The device controls the lift motion by means of accepting the floor level as input and generate control signals (for control the lift motion) as output. The elevator controller is based on the concept of finite state machine technology. According to the FSM technology the elevator process can be defined with the help of different states. In the FSM technology there is a change from one state to another state likewise in the elevator there will be a change from one floor to another. Every possible way is assigned a path and the implemented based on FSM concept to write the program code for elevator controller. The whole program is designed in such a way that there are desirable switches in each floor and also inside the elevator to control the user commands. While the elevator is in the ground level in order to go upward direction we need only the up switch and nothing else. The same procedure we follow for the top floor. There is only one down switch there to move downward. But in between the ground floor and top floor all other floors contain two switches, one for moving up and another for moving down. Inside the elevator there must be at least ‘n’ switches for the implementation of an ‘n’ floor elevator controller. The elevator will move according to the desirable input that is given by the user. The design includes a simple scheme that aims at a good speed of response without requiring any extra logic circuitry.
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Project is used to control traffic signal system automatically with IR sensors. Signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at junctions.
The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR Tx Rx pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into out of park. These two IR TX-RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and Rx are arranged face to face across the road so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message"parking space for 10 vehicles". The number indicates the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair since the microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD. lf the count reaches'0', i e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display"NO SPACE FOR PARKING" on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking This project uses regulated 5v. 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12v DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer
Design of Elevator Controller using Verilog HDLVishesh Thakur
The aim of the project is to design and implement an Elevator/Lift Controller using Verilog hardware descriptive language (HDL). The Elevator Controller is a device used to control a lift motion and to indicate the direction of motion, and the present floor level, etc. The device controls the lift motion by means of accepting the floor level as input and generate control signals (for control the lift motion) as output. The elevator controller is based on the concept of finite state machine technology. According to the FSM technology the elevator process can be defined with the help of different states. In the FSM technology there is a change from one state to another state likewise in the elevator there will be a change from one floor to another. Every possible way is assigned a path and the implemented based on FSM concept to write the program code for elevator controller. The whole program is designed in such a way that there are desirable switches in each floor and also inside the elevator to control the user commands. While the elevator is in the ground level in order to go upward direction we need only the up switch and nothing else. The same procedure we follow for the top floor. There is only one down switch there to move downward. But in between the ground floor and top floor all other floors contain two switches, one for moving up and another for moving down. Inside the elevator there must be at least ‘n’ switches for the implementation of an ‘n’ floor elevator controller. The elevator will move according to the desirable input that is given by the user. The design includes a simple scheme that aims at a good speed of response without requiring any extra logic circuitry.
My new upload !!! --> http://www.slideshare.net/choleraparth91/smart-vehicle-ensuring-safe-ride-using-accerolometer-laser-sensor-co-sensor-and-also-with-use-of-gsm-modem-and-solar-panel
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or
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message me on - 08097508067
I suggest to go for these project !!! :D :D
Project is used to control traffic signal system automatically with IR sensors. Signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at junctions.
The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR Tx Rx pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into out of park. These two IR TX-RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and Rx are arranged face to face across the road so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message"parking space for 10 vehicles". The number indicates the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair since the microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD. lf the count reaches'0', i e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display"NO SPACE FOR PARKING" on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking This project uses regulated 5v. 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12v DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system having remote override facilities. During normal time the signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction but in the event of any emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade etc. requiring priority are built in with RF remote control to override the set timing by providing instantaneous green signal in the desired direction while blocking the other lanes by red signal for some time. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world thus it is felt imperative to provide such facilities to important vehicles.
Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The proposed system using a PIC microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR, are in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The override feature is activated by an on board RF transmitter operated from the emergency vehicle.
My new upload !!! --> http://www.slideshare.net/choleraparth91/smart-vehicle-ensuring-safe-ride-using-accerolometer-laser-sensor-co-sensor-and-also-with-use-of-gsm-modem-and-solar-panel
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I suggest to go for these project !!! :D :D
Automatic toll collection system (presentation)Rohan Kale
ATCS is an Automated Toll Collection System used for collecting tax automatically. A vehicle will hold an RFID tag. This tag is nothing but unique identification number assigned. This will be assigned by RTO or traffic governing authority. In accordance with this number we will store, all basic information as well as the amount he has paid in advance for the TOLL collection. Reader will be strategically placed at toll collection center. Whenever the vehicle passes the toll Plaza, the tax amount will be deducted from his prepaid balance. New balance will be updated. Incase if one has insufficient balance, his updated balance will be negative one. To tackle this problem, we are alarming a sound, which will alert the authority that this vehicle doesn’t have sufficient balance and that particular vehicle can be trapped. As vehicles don’t have to stop in a queue, it assures time saving, fuel conservation and also contributing in saving of money.
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system having remote override facilities. During normal time the signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction but in the event of any emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade etc. requiring priority are built in with RF remote control to override the set timing by providing instantaneous green signal in the desired direction while blocking the other lanes by red signal for some time. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world thus it is felt imperative to provide such facilities to important vehicles.
Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The proposed system using a PIC microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR, are in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The override feature is activated by an on board RF transmitter operated from the emergency vehicle.
My new upload !!! --> http://www.slideshare.net/choleraparth91/smart-vehicle-ensuring-safe-ride-using-accerolometer-laser-sensor-co-sensor-and-also-with-use-of-gsm-modem-and-solar-panel
Contact & follow me to get PDF & PPT file - https://www.linkedin.com/in/parthcholera/
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choleraparth91@yahoo.com
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or
message me on - 08097508067
I suggest to go for these project !!! :D :D
Automatic toll collection system (presentation)Rohan Kale
ATCS is an Automated Toll Collection System used for collecting tax automatically. A vehicle will hold an RFID tag. This tag is nothing but unique identification number assigned. This will be assigned by RTO or traffic governing authority. In accordance with this number we will store, all basic information as well as the amount he has paid in advance for the TOLL collection. Reader will be strategically placed at toll collection center. Whenever the vehicle passes the toll Plaza, the tax amount will be deducted from his prepaid balance. New balance will be updated. Incase if one has insufficient balance, his updated balance will be negative one. To tackle this problem, we are alarming a sound, which will alert the authority that this vehicle doesn’t have sufficient balance and that particular vehicle can be trapped. As vehicles don’t have to stop in a queue, it assures time saving, fuel conservation and also contributing in saving of money.
3. SYNCHRONIZED TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLLER
1- This controller assumes equal traffic density on the entire road.
2- This traffic controller uses digital logic, which can be easily, is
implemented by logic gates.
3- This controller is generalized one can be used for different roads with
slight modification.
4- All the traffic signals in this controller are synchronized with each other.
X, Y are used as binary variables to denote the four states of all the
signals. Letters A to H indicate the left and right sides of roads in four
directions as shown in the fig.
And the traffic movement on the roads at a specific signal (green) is
denoted by arrows in directions in which traffic can flow as shown in figure.
When one signal is green the other signals, one will be yellow from which
direction traffic will flow after it and other two will be red.
The Boolean function of green light of a signal will be same as the Boolean
function of yellow light of the other signal through which traffic will flow after
it signal and the other two red lights of remaining signals and it will be same
as for other paths.
IMPLEMENTATION:-.
Timer 555 (IC1) is wired as an astable multivibrator to generate clock signal
for the 4-bit counter 74160 (IC2). The time duration of IC1 can be adjusted
4. by varying the value of resistor R1, resistor R2, or capacitor C2 of the clock
circuit. The
‘on’ time duration T is given by the following relationship:
T = 0.695C2(R1+R2)
IC2 is wired as a 2-bit binary counter by connecting its pin 11’s output to
clear pin 1 via inverter. Binary outputs from pins 13, 14 assumed as
variables X and Y, respectively. These outputs, along with their
complimentary outputs X’, Y’ respectively, are used as inputs to the rest of
the logic circuit to realize various outputs satisfying Table 1. Pin 12 is
grounded because we require two bit counter so to convert it into 2 bit
counter. We inverted pin 11’s output and set it to clear input of counter and
grounded pin 12.
We can simulate various traffic lights using green, yellow, and red LEDs
and feed the outputs of the circuit.
The traffic signals can also be controlled manually, if desired. Any signal
state can be established by entering the binary value corresponding to that
particular state into the parallel input pins of the 2-bit counter. Similarly, the
signal can be reset at any time by providing logic 0 at the reset pin (pin 1)
of the counter using an external switch.
Equipment:-
1- 555 timer IC
2- 74160 counter IC
3- Capacitors
4- Resistors
5- 7404 inverter IC
6- 7408 AND IC
5. 7- LEDS (green,yellow,red)
TABLE 1:-
INPUT(x,y) AF/AD/AG HB/HF/HD EB/ED/EG CB/CG/CF
11 GREEN YELLOW RED RED
00 RED GREEN YELLOW RED
10 RED RED GREEN YELLOW
01 YELLOW RED RED GREEN
BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS FOR ALL THE SIGNAL CONDITIONS:-
SIGNAL REFERENCE BOOLEAN FUNCTION
GREEN AF/AD/AG X’Y’
YELLOW HB/HF/HD X’Y’
RED EB/ED/EG X’Y’
RED CB/CG/CF X’Y’
RED AF/AD/AG X’Y
GREEN HB/HF/HD X’Y
YELLOW EB/ED/EG X’Y
RED CB/CG/CF X’Y
RED AF/AD/AG XY’
RED HB/HF/HD XY’
GREEN EB/ED/EG XY’
YELLOW CB/CG/CF XY’
6. YELLOW AF/AD/AG XY
RED HB/HF/HD XY
RED EB/ED/EG XY
GREEN CB/CG/CF XY
VCC
R1 8 4
240KΩ
7 9 10 15 16
7 clk 1
IC1 IC2
R1 3 2
470KΩ 555 74160
2 11
12
6 1 5 13
C1 X
C2
8 14
10 µF .01 µF Y
X’Y’ R
S1
Y
X’Y G
R
XY’
Y
S2
G
XY
R
Y S3
G
R