The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures like hair, nails, and glands. The skin is composed of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, as well as melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The dermis is made of dense connective tissue and contains sensory receptors, hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous glands. The hypodermis is made of adipose tissue and lies below the dermis. Together, the skin and its structures act as a barrier, regulate temperature, contain sensory
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. ... Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
basics of skin, review of skin, Integumentary system, the structure of the skin, Functions of skin, skin appendages, Hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, Nails, dermis, epidermis,
subcutaneous tissue. anatomy and physiology
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. ... Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
basics of skin, review of skin, Integumentary system, the structure of the skin, Functions of skin, skin appendages, Hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, Nails, dermis, epidermis,
subcutaneous tissue. anatomy and physiology
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.
The power point is just to help learners to have basic understanding on the anatomy and physiology of the skin (integumentary system).
The two major classes of the skin has been briefly stated as well as the major layers of the skin.
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.
The power point is just to help learners to have basic understanding on the anatomy and physiology of the skin (integumentary system).
The two major classes of the skin has been briefly stated as well as the major layers of the skin.
Reactive white lesions oral pathology Linea Alba (White Line)
Frictional (Traumatic) Keratosis
Cheek Chewing
Chemical Injuries of the Oral Mucosa
Actinic Keratosis (Cheilitis)
Smokeless Tobacco–Induced Keratosis
Nicotine Stomatitis
Sanguinaria-Induced Leukoplakia
Examination of Swelling in a patient is always a task for MBBS students. This PPT provides the students, how to elicit a history & also the easy way to examine a swelling.
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
2. Skin=Integument
Skin + accessory organs (hair, nails, and
cutaneous glands)= Integumentary
system
Lgst. organ
3. Epidermis:
Stratified squamous
epithelium; outer
layer is "keratinized"
or "cornified"
Dermis:
Dense irregular
connective tissue
Hypodermis:
Adipose connective
tissue (technically not
part of system
Three Layers of skin:
4. Stratum Corneum = Many layers of flat, dead, scale-like
cells full of keratin
Stratum Lucidum = One or two layers of dying cells
Stratum Granulosum = Three or four layers of cells;
Actively synthesizing protein
keratin
Stratum Spinosum (malphigian layer) = Three or four
layers of cells with Some cell division
Stratum Basale (st germinatum) = Single row of dividing
cells (columnar cells )
(Epidermis)
5. Primary cell type in epidermis = keratinocytes
which produce large amounts of protein keratin
Other cell types:
Melanocytes produce
pigment melanin &
transfer it to keratinocytes
Langerhans cells
(immune cells) protect
against pathogens and
toxins
Merkel cells detect touch
and pressure; transfer this
information to sensory
receptors in the dermis
6. Dermis:
Dense irregular connective tissue
Separated from epidermis (stratified squamous epithelium)
by basement membrane
Highly vascular
Highly innervated
Two Layers:
Papillary layer just
below epidermis
Reticular layer
forms deep 80%
7. Dermis:
Contains many types of sensory receptors for touch,
pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, etc.
Some = simple
nerve endings
Others = complex
structures with
multiple cell types
8. Appendages of the skin
Hair follicles and hair
Sweat glands
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Nails on fingers and toes
All begin as epidermis of embryo; grow down into dermis
9. Hair
- Distribuled over all skin except: palms of hands
soles of feet
nipples
glans of penis & clitoris
minor labia
- Formed in follicles located deep in dermis
- Consists of layers of dead, highly keratinized keratinocytes
10. Trunk and limb hair considered vestigial
Scalp only place where it is thick enough
to retain heat
Eyebrows enhance facial features
Vibrassae (guard hair) are used to filter
particulates from the ear and nose
12. Each hair is associated with:
One or more sebacious
(oil) glands
An arrector pili muscle
A plexus of nerves around
the root
13. Sweat Glands
- 2 to 3 million
- Two types:
Merocrine: Distributed over all skin except nipples
(Eccrine) Simple coiled glands in dermis
Duct leads to sweat pore on surface
Secreted watery sweat for cooling
Apocrine: Located only in axillary, pubic, anal regions
Larger than eccrine glands
Duct opens into opening of hair follicle
Secretes thicker sweat, high content of
proteins and fats. Contains specific scent
molecules: sexual, fear, etc.
14. Sweat is usually 99% water with a pH between 4
and 6
Sweat glands produce 500ml of insensible
perspiration (no noticable wetness)daily
Diaphoresis—sweating with wetness (up to 1 l
per hr when exercising or in heat)
Two specially modified sweat glands:
Ceruminous—found in the external ear
canal. Secretion combines with sebum and dead
epidermal cells to form earwax (keeps eardrum pliable,
canal waterproof and has a bactericidal effect)
Mammary --milk producing glands found
in the female breast (modified apocrine glands)
15. Sebaceous (oil) glands:
- Branched tubular glands
- Duct opens into opening
of hair follicle
- Secretes sebum,
consisting of lipids,
proteins, ions,
carbohydrates,
16. Functions of Integumentary System (skin & its products)
Barrier to keep water and solutes in
Barrier to keep bacterial, dirt, etc. out
Protection against abrasion
Contains sensory receptors for touch, temperature,
pressure, pain, etc.
Temperature regulation via hair, sweat, & amount of
blood flow
Blood reservoir
Synthesis of vitamin D
Excretion