This document summarizes a study on integrated market chains and zoonotic disease risks in cross-border pork value chains in Lao PDR. The study assessed market chains, economic livelihoods, pig health and production systems, and disease prevalence in humans and pigs. It found high prevalences of hepatitis E virus, trichinella, and other diseases in both pigs and humans. Risk factor analyses identified factors like lack of boiling water, proximity to pigs, and lower education associated with disease. The study concluded that further investigation is needed on diseases like hepatitis E and cysticercosis given risks from local practices and water contamination.
Characteristics of village chicken production in farming system in Côte d’Ivo...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A study on the local chicken production parameters has been undertaken in the area of Korhogo. The work was conducted by a survey focused on 110 small farms from 20 villages (Koulélékaha, Natyo- Kobadara, Bafimé, Paroginékaha, Latakaha, Lénékaha, Lérikaha, Dyègbè, Pokaha, Torgokaha, Dokaha, Karakoro, Tyoronyaradougou, Nanbadyélékaha, Konborodougou, Dobyankaha, Lonakaha, Nalougovogo, Nalolokahaand Nanvikaha)in the department of Korhogo. The herd of the poultry farms varied from 10 to 105 chickens. The work shown that traditional poultry farming is practiced in majority by women and young with respective distributions of 60 % and 62.27 %. In 82 % of cases, breeding products are both for home consumption and marketing. Only 20 % of that product are solely for sale and marketing. The breeding system of that farm is extensive with a dietary and sanitary behavior which does not comply with the art standard. The housing of these animals are precarious henhouses which do not fit norms and good hygiene practice to guarantee the well-being of those birds. Three (3) types of chickens were defined on the basis of the tradition of the Sénoufo(people of the north of the Côte d’Ivoire) considerations. The age for chickens to start laying varied from 6 to 8 months for39 ± 4 eggs in 3 ± 1.10 laying per year. The eggs per laying were 9.75 ± 4 eggs for an average weight of 35 ± 3.48 g. The average incubation duration was 21 ± 2 days with a hatching rate varying between 50 % and 90 %. The adulthood traditional chickens' weight in that farm varied from 1 to 1.5 kg.
Transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research...ILRI
Presented by N.R. Sarker at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Role of herbivores in sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan AfricaILRI
Presented by Augustine Ayantunde, Alan Duncan, Mark van Wijk and Peter Thorne at the 10th International Symposium on the Nutrition of the Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2-6 September 2018
Assessment of economic impact of priority animal disease (PPR, HS and Brucell...ILRI
Presented by Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, ICAR-NIVEDI, Karnataka, India; Dwaipayan Bardhan, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, India; Sirak Bahta and Karl Rich, ILRI, Bareilly, India, 8-10 January 2020
Characteristics of village chicken production in farming system in Côte d’Ivo...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A study on the local chicken production parameters has been undertaken in the area of Korhogo. The work was conducted by a survey focused on 110 small farms from 20 villages (Koulélékaha, Natyo- Kobadara, Bafimé, Paroginékaha, Latakaha, Lénékaha, Lérikaha, Dyègbè, Pokaha, Torgokaha, Dokaha, Karakoro, Tyoronyaradougou, Nanbadyélékaha, Konborodougou, Dobyankaha, Lonakaha, Nalougovogo, Nalolokahaand Nanvikaha)in the department of Korhogo. The herd of the poultry farms varied from 10 to 105 chickens. The work shown that traditional poultry farming is practiced in majority by women and young with respective distributions of 60 % and 62.27 %. In 82 % of cases, breeding products are both for home consumption and marketing. Only 20 % of that product are solely for sale and marketing. The breeding system of that farm is extensive with a dietary and sanitary behavior which does not comply with the art standard. The housing of these animals are precarious henhouses which do not fit norms and good hygiene practice to guarantee the well-being of those birds. Three (3) types of chickens were defined on the basis of the tradition of the Sénoufo(people of the north of the Côte d’Ivoire) considerations. The age for chickens to start laying varied from 6 to 8 months for39 ± 4 eggs in 3 ± 1.10 laying per year. The eggs per laying were 9.75 ± 4 eggs for an average weight of 35 ± 3.48 g. The average incubation duration was 21 ± 2 days with a hatching rate varying between 50 % and 90 %. The adulthood traditional chickens' weight in that farm varied from 1 to 1.5 kg.
Transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research...ILRI
Presented by N.R. Sarker at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Role of herbivores in sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan AfricaILRI
Presented by Augustine Ayantunde, Alan Duncan, Mark van Wijk and Peter Thorne at the 10th International Symposium on the Nutrition of the Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2-6 September 2018
Assessment of economic impact of priority animal disease (PPR, HS and Brucell...ILRI
Presented by Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, ICAR-NIVEDI, Karnataka, India; Dwaipayan Bardhan, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, India; Sirak Bahta and Karl Rich, ILRI, Bareilly, India, 8-10 January 2020
Risk Factors Associated with Porcine Cysticercosis Prevalence in Smallholder ...ESAP
Presentation by E.C. Kimbi1, S.M. Thamsborg, F.P. Lekule, J. Mlangwa and E. Komba at the 5th All Africa conference on animal production, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-28 October 2010.
Taenia solium cysticercosis: Risk factors, perceptions and practices in small...ILRI
Paper presented by Joseph. M. Kungu (National Livestock Research Resources Institute, Uganda), Michel M. Dione (ILRI), Francis Ejobi (Makerere University), Michael Ocaido(Makerere University), and Delia Grace (ILRI) at the Joint International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, 4–8 September 2016
Animal health and food safety in smallholder pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Duong Van Nhiem, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Deliaa Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Food safety assessment and challenges along small-scale pig systems in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Lucila Lapar, Karen Marshall, Duong Van Nhiem, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Livestock and food security: An ILRI perspectiveILRI
A series of presentations by ILRI scientists (Thomas Randolph, Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Timothy Robinson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Alessandra Galie, Alan Duncan, Nils Teufel, Mats Lannerstad, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Eric Fèvre, Silvia Alonso and Delia Grace) at a seminar on "Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition, including the role of Livestock" for the Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE), Nairobi, Kenya, 8 May 2015.
Food safety risk prioritization: Case studies from AsiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at a Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety webinar on 'Applying risk-based approaches in food safety', 14 June 2023.
Characterization of local chicken production and management systems in Babati...ILRI
Poster prepared by L J Marwa, B Lukuyu, S H Mbaga, S K Mutayoba and M Bekunda for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Pork value chain in Vietnam: Now, future and challengesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar and Delia Grace at a seminar for veterinary students, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia, 13 March 2014.
Bovine mastitis has a negative impact through economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. A cross sectional study was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated risk factors and isolation of major causative bacteria in lactating dairy cows in selected districts of central highland of Ethiopia. A total of 304 lactating cows selected randomly from five districts were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis. Based on CMT result and clinical examination, over all prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 70.62% (214/304).
Two hundred fourteen milk samples collected from CMT positive cows were cultured for isolation of major causative bacteria. From 214 milk samples,187 were culture positive and the most prevalent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 42.25% (79/187) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae 14.43%
(27/187). Other bacterial isolates were included Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species 12.83% (24/187), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 5.88% (11/187), Escherichia coli 13.38% (25/187) and Entrococcus feacalis 11.23% (21/187) were also isolated. Moreover, age, parity number, visible teat abnormalities,husbandry practice, barn fl oor status and milking hygiene were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of bovine mastitis and they were found significantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis (p < 0.05). The findings of this study warrants the need for strategic approach including dairy extension that focus on enhancing dairy farmers’ awareness and practice of hygienic milking, regular screening for subclinical mastitis, dry cow therapy and culling of chronically infected cows.
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Risk Factors Associated with Porcine Cysticercosis Prevalence in Smallholder ...ESAP
Presentation by E.C. Kimbi1, S.M. Thamsborg, F.P. Lekule, J. Mlangwa and E. Komba at the 5th All Africa conference on animal production, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-28 October 2010.
Taenia solium cysticercosis: Risk factors, perceptions and practices in small...ILRI
Paper presented by Joseph. M. Kungu (National Livestock Research Resources Institute, Uganda), Michel M. Dione (ILRI), Francis Ejobi (Makerere University), Michael Ocaido(Makerere University), and Delia Grace (ILRI) at the Joint International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, 4–8 September 2016
Animal health and food safety in smallholder pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Duong Van Nhiem, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Deliaa Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Food safety assessment and challenges along small-scale pig systems in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Lucila Lapar, Karen Marshall, Duong Van Nhiem, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Livestock and food security: An ILRI perspectiveILRI
A series of presentations by ILRI scientists (Thomas Randolph, Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Timothy Robinson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Alessandra Galie, Alan Duncan, Nils Teufel, Mats Lannerstad, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Eric Fèvre, Silvia Alonso and Delia Grace) at a seminar on "Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition, including the role of Livestock" for the Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE), Nairobi, Kenya, 8 May 2015.
Food safety risk prioritization: Case studies from AsiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at a Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety webinar on 'Applying risk-based approaches in food safety', 14 June 2023.
Characterization of local chicken production and management systems in Babati...ILRI
Poster prepared by L J Marwa, B Lukuyu, S H Mbaga, S K Mutayoba and M Bekunda for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Pork value chain in Vietnam: Now, future and challengesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar and Delia Grace at a seminar for veterinary students, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia, 13 March 2014.
Bovine mastitis has a negative impact through economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. A cross sectional study was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated risk factors and isolation of major causative bacteria in lactating dairy cows in selected districts of central highland of Ethiopia. A total of 304 lactating cows selected randomly from five districts were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis. Based on CMT result and clinical examination, over all prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 70.62% (214/304).
Two hundred fourteen milk samples collected from CMT positive cows were cultured for isolation of major causative bacteria. From 214 milk samples,187 were culture positive and the most prevalent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 42.25% (79/187) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae 14.43%
(27/187). Other bacterial isolates were included Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species 12.83% (24/187), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 5.88% (11/187), Escherichia coli 13.38% (25/187) and Entrococcus feacalis 11.23% (21/187) were also isolated. Moreover, age, parity number, visible teat abnormalities,husbandry practice, barn fl oor status and milking hygiene were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of bovine mastitis and they were found significantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis (p < 0.05). The findings of this study warrants the need for strategic approach including dairy extension that focus on enhancing dairy farmers’ awareness and practice of hygienic milking, regular screening for subclinical mastitis, dry cow therapy and culling of chronically infected cows.
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Improving the livelihood of small farmers in the pig value chain: Experiences...ILRI
Presentation by Pham Van Hung, Nguyen Thi Duong Nga and Lucy Lapar at a regional seminar on 'Agriculture Development for the Mekong Delta: How to Increase the Livelihood of Farmers', Can Tho City, Vietnam, 24 April 2015.
The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm presence of selected pa...ILRI
Presentation by F Shija, G Misinzo, H Nonga, LR Kurwijila, K Roesel and D Grace at the 14th international conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (AITVM), Johannesburg, South Africa, 25-29 August 2013.
Sharing lessons of smallholders’ pig system in South Asia and Southeast Asia:...ILRI
Presented by Ram Pratim Deka, Delia Grace, Ma. Lucila Lapar and Johanna Lindahl at the national conference on opportunities and strategies for sustainable pig production, Guwahati, India, 20-21 December 2014.
Animal genetic resources for improved productivity under harsh environmental ...SIANI
Indigenous livestock breeds are well adapted to tropical and harsh environments, but usually rather unproductive. Therefore, crossbreeding with exotic breeds has been practiced, and often found to be successful in the first generation, but with disastrous results later on. Therefore, there is a great need for developing breeding strategies for specific populations of indigenous livestock, both in order to conserve genes necessary for survival under harsh environments, and for genetic improvement of productivity. The objective of this project is to explore the opportunities for genetic improvement of primarily two livestock populations considered of specific importance for food security in Eastern Africa, due to their resilience as regards adverse climatic stress or ability to withstand specific disease challenges in the tropics. In the first case, focus will be on the Red Maasai sheep and its crosses in Kenya and Tanzania. This breed has shown a high degree of resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and ability to withstand drought. However, there is no breeding strategy in place and this project will adopt a value chain approach with the farmers and retailers to establish appropriate breeding objectives and selection practices. We will furthermore study production systems, animal usage, survival, production, et cetera, using various interview methods and also further develop an already created production recording system. In the second study we have focused on comparing four Ethiopian cattle breeds with respect to trypanotolerance and productivity and found that one breed, the Sheko, is clearly superior. We will carry out a workshop with researchers, extension officers and farmers on how to amplify the genes for trypanotolerance into the cattle populations kept in tsetse infested areas.
Similar to Integrated One Health Zoonoses Risk in Value Chains John ALLEN (20)
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster risk reduction and nursing - human science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Global alliance of disaster research institutes (GADRI) discussion session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Making Hard Choices An Analysis of Settlement Choices and Willingness to Retu...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The Relocation Challenges in Coastal Urban Centers Options and Limitations, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Involving the Mining Sector in Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality, Simone ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Reduction and Nursing - Human Science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Training and awareness raising in Critical Infrastructure Protection & Resili...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
IDRC Davos 2016 - Workshop Awareness Raising, Education and Training - Capaci...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Dynamic factors influencing the post-disaster resettlement success Lessons fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Consequences of the Armed Conflict as a Stressor of Climate Change in Colombi...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Perception in Cameroon and its Implications for the Rehabilitat...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Systematic Knowledge Sharing of Natural Hazard Damages in Public-private Part...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Effectiveness of Humanitarian NGO-Private Sector Collaborations...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Can UK Water Service Providers Manage Risk and Resilience as Part of a Multi-...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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Integrated One Health Zoonoses Risk in Value Chains John ALLEN
1. Integrated Market Chain and Zoonoses Risk Assessments in
Cross Border Pork Value Chains in Lao PDR
Okello A, Tiemann T, Inthavong P, Okello W, Phengvilaysouk A,
Keonouchanh S, Khamlome B, Newby J, Blaszak K and John Allen
2. Population:
6.5 M
Approx 7,000 rural villages
An estimated 85% of the population are
agriculturist
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 27.8%
industry: 34.8%
services: 37.4%
Lao PDR – very much a rural based population
3. Pig production in Lao PDR
Background
- Pigs kept by up to 75% of rural households
- Pork 2nd most consumed meat in country
- Smallholder (seasonal free range) pig production
accounts > 80%
-Informal slaughter practices
Rational for the Study
- Lack of technical knowledge and poor access to pig
market chains results in poor motivation for villagers
to invest in improved production inputs
- Human health impacts from pig associated zoonotic
diseases exist
- Recommendations for control of zoonoses need to
be evidence based, realistic and cost effective
4. • Conduct Market Chain Study
• Conduct Economic Livelihood Study
• Improve Pig Health & Production Systems - forage crops, pig housing,
vaccination and de-worming
• Conduct Sero-prevalence Disease Study and Targeted Health Messages
and Interventions - humans and pigs (using PPS on human population
data) and Risk Factor Questionnaires for selected pig associated zoonotic
diseases
Essentially a One Health - One System Approach
Multi-disciplinary teams established to:
5. Study areas: 4 representative villages selected in each area
Phongsaly Province (Upland)
Mai District – 88 villages, half of which
are accessible by road with pop. of 25,448
• Borders Vietnam & China
• Multiple ethnicities
• Mountains limit crop-production
therefore pig-rearing common
Xayabouri Province (Lowland)
Xayabouri District – 77 villages with
pop. of 70,000
• Borders Thailand
• Large rice producer (floodplains)
6. General Characteristics of the 8 Study Villages
Village Distance from
District HQ Town
(km)
Represented Ethnicities Number of
people in Village
Mai District (Upland Area)
A 18 Tai Dam 372
B 15 Khmu 147
C 11 Tai Deng/Khmu/Tai
Dam/Lao
528
D 6 Khmu/Tai Dam 247
Xayabouri District (Lowland Area)
E 18 Khmu/Lao 1,115
F 16 Khmu/Hmong 905
G 15 Hmong 275
H 10 Hmong/Lao/Mian 812
7. Village Characteristics
• Some communities isolated in wet
season - other villages with good all-year
road access
• All villagers have remote fields
(sanaams) with remote accommodation as
well as family house in the village
• Low proportion of HHs had latrines
• Free range local breed (Moo Lath) Pigs
9. Percentage of Households with Livestock in the 8 Study Villages
Village Cattle Buffalo Pig Goat Poultry
Mai District (Upland Area)
A 0% 79% 100% 0% 63%
B 87% 93% 93% 0% 67%
C 5% 62% 90% 0% 43%
D 10% 67% 86% 0% 52%
Xayabouri District (Lowland Area)
E 19% 0% 76% 14% 43%
F 39% 43% 100% 9% 13%
G 93% 27% 93% 33% 67%
H 57% 24% 90% 5% 52%
Total 35% 48% 91% 7% 48%
10. Interprovincial traders
Provincial traders
Local traders
Farmers in Houay Oun
Farmers in Om Ka
Nang
Farmers in Na Kham
Farmers in Paung
Khao
Farmers in Sop Houn
Farmers in Mok Ja La
Farmers in
Om Pha Long
Farmers in Houay
Xong Tai
Traders from Ban Houay
Vang
Traders from Nam Nga
Trader from Mueang
Khua
Trader from Oudomsai
Retailer from
Mueang Mai
Vietnamese
Traders
Vietnamese
Restaurants
?
Market chain in Mai District
11. Koum Ban Na Tark
Farmers in Nong
Nong
Farmers in Houay
Loun
Koum Ban Na Sam
Farmers in Houay
Dok
Farmers in Pha
Xang
Farmers in Na Sam
Farmers in Houay
Kang
Local traders
Traders from XB town
Traders from XB
district
Provincial traders
Traders from XB town
Retailers from LP
and XB (town) *
Direct sale at
market
Vendors at XB
marketKoum Ban Na Mon
Koum Ban Lak 14
Koum Ban Lak 18
Koum Ban Houay Sa Ngam
Koum Ban Khad Nam Lap
Phoeng district
Koum Ban Khad Nam Jap
Market chain in Xayabouri District
Increasing Competition
from Thailand - contract
pig producers using
European exotic breeds
12. Selection of diseases for sero-prevalence study
Planning meeting with all partners
– Interpretation of serology diagnostic tests available
Transmission routes considered:
– Raw / undercooked pork consumed
– Open defecation practiced many villages
– Direct contact with pigs common
Previous ACIAR funded work in Laos (Conlan et al, 2008)
Dept of Health – listed Lao priority diseases
7 priority Pig associated zoonotic & 4 pig production disease chosen:
Japanese Encephalitis virus, Trichinella, Hepatitis E virus, Taenia solium
cysticercosis/taeniases, Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) & Brucellosis
Classical Swine Fever (CSF), Porcine Respiratory & Reproductive Syndrome
(PRRS), Erysipelas & FMD
13. Ethical Conditions & Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Modest participation
gifts
Village Householder
feedback
Support for follow up
health checks
14. Key Results and Outcomes
• Pig Production Improvements
• Access to Market Chains
• Pig Health Improvements
• Human Pig Associated Zoonotic Disease Sero-
prevalence and Key Risk Factors Identified
15. Improved Pig Management, Feeding and Housing
Demonstrations of: dried cassava & stylo plot . Improved water systems and housing
16. Regular weighing of village pigs gave
immediate feedback to farmers and
also helped farmers in negotiating
prices with visiting pig traders
Monitoring Pig Performance Data
17. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60
Ageatsale[days]
Pig weight [kg]
Outsiders
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60
Ageatsale[days]
Pig weight [kg]
Champions
Pig age and weight at sale for “Outsider” and “Champion” pig farmers
18. Improved Pig Health Outcomes through access to “cold
chain” vaccinations and village biosecurity practices
Based on sero-conversion detected by ELISA, it was demonstrated
that the Lao produced CSF and the Vietnamese PRRS vaccines were
providing excellent sero-conversions
Pig deaths from CSF and PRRS were greatly reduced
Percentage of Pigs with
Positive Abs
Pre Vaccination Post Vaccination
Post Booster
Vaccination
CSF 5% 97% 90%
PRRS 7% 96% NA
19. Access to Larger Cross Border Pig Value Chains was Critical
Mai District
•Local market demand only 2 to 3 pigs per day.
• Linking farmers to Vietnamese market chains in the City of Dien Bien Phu proved
very successful
• Project facilitated discussions with Provincial Government – led to approval for
Vietnamese traders to operate legally inside Phongsali Province, Laos
• Resulted in 10% price increase for farmers. Market chain into Vietnam
increased to 15 pigs per day
• Led to development of input value chains – i.e. farmers arranged for traders to
bring in concentrate pig feed and piglets from Vietnam for fattening
Process was originally facilitated through the project but
progressively handed over the local farmers and cross border
traders – a good sustainable outcome
20. Income from agricultural endeavours in 3 of the (road accessible)
villages in Mai District in 2011 (Original) and 2014 (ReSurvey)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Original ReSurvey Original ReSurvey Original ReSurvey
Omkaneng Paungkao Sophoun
Mai
LAK[millions] Average of NTFP Count of Rubber
Count of Coffee Average of Otherlivestock
Average of Pigs Average of Vegetable
Average of Annual Crop Average of Paddy
* Souphon village has access to main road from Lao to Vietnam – visits by Vietnamese Pig traders
initially encouraged and now established with Provincial approval
*
21. Baseline Sero-prevalence of Pig Associated Zoonotic
and Pig Health Diseases in Villagers and Village Pigs
Disease Humans % Prevalence
(95%CI)
Pigs % Prevalence
(95% CI)
Japanese Encephalitis IgM 3.1 (1.2, 7.8) 4.7 (2.2, 9.9)
Japanese Encephalitis IgG Not Tested 73.3 (64.9, 80.9)
Hepatitis E IgG 66.6 (57.1, 73.3) 76.6 (68.5, 83.1)
Trichinella IgG 58.6 (49.9, 66.8) 23.4 (16.9, 31.5)
Taenia solium IgG 4.7 (2.2, 9.9)*(“hotspot” village) Not Tested
Cysticercosis IgG 9.4 (5.5, 15.7)*(“hotspot” village) Not Tested
Brucella suis 0 0.8 (0.1, 4.3)
Coxiella burnetti 0 1.6 (0.4, 5.5)
Erysipelas Not Tested 58.8 (49.6, 67.2)
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) Not Tested 5.3 (2.2, 10.9)
PRRS Not Tested 6.9 (3.3, 12.9)
FMD (non structural ELISA) Not Tested 1.5 (0.2, 5.5)
23. Risk Factors Analysis for Pig Associated Zoonotic Diseases
in the studied villages
Disease Risk Factor Odds ratio (95% CI)
Hep E IgG humans Not boiling water 4.01 (1.87, 8.56)
Living <50 m from pigs 2.28 (1.72, 3.00)
Slaughtering Pigs 2.49 (1.17, 5.28)
Lower household education levels 1.74 (1.7, 2.39)
Hep E IgG pigs Pigs confined in pens 2.70 (1.72, 4.23)
Trichinella IgG Ethnicity – Hmong 1.77 (1.00, 3.12)
Ethnicity - Lao Loum 1.53 (1.14, 2.06)
Eating raw pork or blood 3.79 (1.02, 13.79)
Lower household education
levels
0.38 (0.27, 0.54)
Taenia/cysticercosis IgG
humans
Low usage of toilets and free
ranging pigs
2.65 (1.37, 5.12)
Ethnicity – Thai Dam 1.33 (1.06, 1.68)
24. Conclusions and Implications for Policy Consideration
Hepatitis E Virus
Two Hep E virus genotypes are pig-human adapted and we confirmed that
one of those genotypes (Genotype 3) is present in the Lao villages.
The high antibody prevalence in pigs and humans reflects the large
proportion of pig raising households and contamination of water sources
and crops from pig faeces, especially after wet season run-off
Further Investigations required to assess the health impact by matching
with Jaundice syndromic case reports in rural hospitals and health clinics
25. Conclusions and Implications for Policy Consideration
(Continued)
Taenia Solium & Cysticercosis
Presents significant challenges for certain rural Lao villages:
- Toilet provision and personal hygiene may be low and customs may involve
consumption of raw or undercooked pork
Further work is needed to validate the most efficient methods to identify
those “Hot Spot” villages with hyper-endemicity
An Integrated pig-human intervention was undertaken in one of the selected
villages to reduce the impact of taeniasis and cysticercosis and soil
transmitted helminths (STHs) [refer to separate presentation under Mon 5.1]
26. Conclusion
By using a One Health – One System Approach that complemented:
- market chain information and improved market access,
- pig production improvements;
- serological and risk analyses for several pig-associated zoonotic diseases
we felt that sustainable outcomes could be achieved for poverty alleviation
and improved public health
Greater access is required to cross-border Market Chains from Laos into the
much larger population centres in Vietnam and China
Strong market pull encourages village farmers to invest in improved pig
production inputs (feed, housing, vaccination) leading to improved household
income
27. Acknowledgements
The project team wishes to:
- Gratefully acknowledge the support of all village and district based staff involved in the
field collection and laboratory testing – a tremendous effort!
-Thank the Lao Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health
The Research was funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural
Research (ACIAR) Animal Health program grants AH/2009/001 and AH/2010/019
For Further Information contact: Dr John Allen
Phone: +61 3 5227 5162
Email: john.allen@csiro.au