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Uploaded byAjay Dominic
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Endocrine glands of insects

The corpora cardiaca are a pair of endocrine glands located behind the brain in insects. They are closely associated with the aorta and contain neurosecretory cells whose axons project from the brain. The corpora cardiaca serve as neurohemal organs that store and release several hormones into the haemolymph (blood) to control functions like heart rate and trehalose levels. They contain intrinsic secretory cells that produce the adipokinetic hormone and other peptides of unknown function. In some insect groups, the corpora cardiaca become separated from the aorta in later development.

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ENDOCRINE GLANDS CORPORA CARDIACA AJAY DOMINIC V ROLL NO : 251
ENDOCRINE GLANDS GLANDS WITHOUT DUCT A GLAND THAT PRODUCE AND SECRETE HORMONES WITHIN THE BODY. DIFFUSE INTO HAEMOLYMPH. ALSO CALLED AS RETRO CEREBRAL GLANDS.
COMPONENTS OF ENDOCRINE GLANDS CORPORA CARDIACA CORPORA ALLATA PROTHORACIC GLANDS
CORPORA CARDIACA  The corpora cardiaca are a pair of organs often closely associated with the aorta and forming part of its wall.  The corpora cardiaca arises from the nervous system and are situated on each side of the aorta behind the brain.  Connected to protocerebrum and hypocerebral ganglion.
FUNCTIONS OF CORPORA CARDIACA  It act as a conventional storage and release organ for neurosecretory cells.  They serve as neurohemal organ for several different hormones.  In addition , the intrinsic secretory cells produce adipokinetic hormone and some other peptides whose functions are often unknown.  It controls heart beat and regulate trehalose level in haemolymph
 Each organ contains the endings of axons from neurosecretory cells in the brain and other axons passing through to the corpora allata.  In addition , they contains intrinsic secretory cells with long cytoplasmic projections extending towards the periphery of the organ.  These cells are probably derived from neurosecretory cells , rather than being glandular cells with a separate origin.  Their projections probably facilitate the release of secretions into the haemolymph.
In higher groups such as lepidoptera , coleoptera and some diptera they become separated from the aorta. Corpora cardiaca are not known to be present in Collembola
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