Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms and ecosystems on Earth. It includes genetic diversity within species, species diversity within ecosystems, and ecosystem diversity across landscapes. Many species are becoming endangered or extinct due to human activities like habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation. Conservation efforts include protecting species in their natural habitats via methods like national parks (in situ conservation), and protecting species outside their natural habitats in zoos or seed banks (ex situ conservation). Both approaches are needed to preserve Earth's biodiversity for future generations.

3. What is biodiversity
The term biodiversity is made up of two
words
BIO means living
Diversity means variety
Hence the variety of organisms and
ecosystem is referred to as biodiversity

4. Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity

5. Genetic diversity
Each species ,from bacteria to
the higher plants and animals,
stores an immense amount of
genetic function. Variations
among the genes of the same
species may be termed as
Genetic diversity

7. Ecosystem diversity
An ecosystem may defined as a self
sustained community of living
organisms interacting with one
another and the non-living
components. Ecosystem diversity
refers to the diversity of habitats
including the different life forms with
in them.

8. Owing to anthropogenic disturbances ,the
population of many plant and animal species is
declining at an alarming rate and many species are
almost on the verge of extinction. such plant and
animal species are called Endangered species

9. The following 8 categories of species
called the RED LIST categories
1 Extinct
2Extinct in the wild
3 critically endangered
4 Endangered
5 vulnerable
6 Lower risk
7 Data deficient
8 Not evaluated
The specie which are threatened with extinction are included
in critically endangered, Endangered, vulnerable categories .
for eg:
flying squirrel, gir lion, crocodile, wild ass etc are some
endangered species in India

10. MACAWS
ORANGUTANS
SOME ENDANGERED
SPECIES OF WILD LIFE

14. The plant or animal species confined to a particular
region and having originated there, or species which
occur continuously in that area are known as
ENDEMIC species .

19. Global climate
change will adversely
affect biodiversity of
the planet. the
species that are
unable to adjust to
the warmer climate
prevalent in that
period would
become extinct.

21. Mining activity involve
digging up tonnes of
earth in order to get to
the ore. This process
leads to deforestation
and aids in soil erosion.
As a consequence, the
biodiversity of that
particular place is
threatened .

23. In situ means ‘ in the natural or original
place ‘.in the method of in situ conservation,
the plants and animals are conserved in
their natural habitats. this type of
conservation applies only to wild flora and
fauna and not to the domesticated plants
and animals.
In situ conservation is carried out in areas such
as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere
reserves etc

24. It ensures long term protection of the area
Natural ecosystems spread in the large areas
provide a good opportunity for conservation as
well as evolution
It offers cheaper means of protecting species in
their natural habitat.
Natural types of ecosystem may not be fully
equipped to proper protection to the conserved
species against environmental pollution.

26. It ensures the long term
conservation of the
species.
The quality of offspring
may be improved by
genetic techniques, if
required.
Breeding of hybrid
species is possible
It is not viable option for
protection of rare species owing to
human interference
It is a specific method that can be
adopted for only a few kind of
species