Inguinal hernia presentation
by Shariatyfar MD
based on schwartz principles of surgery 11th edition
Qom university of medical sciences
winter 2017
email me at Mohammadali.shariatyfar@hotmail.com for Download
Good luck
OPEN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #openinguinalherniarepair #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• I have already uploaded videos on open and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, Thyroidectomy, Modified Radical Mastectomy and open and
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
• In this video today, I have discussed Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
Inguinal hernia presentation
by Shariatyfar MD
based on schwartz principles of surgery 11th edition
Qom university of medical sciences
winter 2017
email me at Mohammadali.shariatyfar@hotmail.com for Download
Good luck
OPEN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #openinguinalherniarepair #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• I have already uploaded videos on open and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, Thyroidectomy, Modified Radical Mastectomy and open and
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
• In this video today, I have discussed Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
Ventral hernia is protrusion of peritoneal sac through anterior abdominal wall defects except Groin hernias. In this presentation I have discussed Epigastric, Umbilical, Para umbilical, Incisional, Spigelian and Lumbar hernias.
Simple notes on definition of abdominal hernias in general, as well as clinical features and management of inguinal hernias.
Brief explanation of hernia repair methods (laparoscopic, open surgery)
Hirschsprung Disease - Approach & ManagementVikas V
Hirschsprung Disease. - A developmental Disorder of Intrinsic Component of Enteric Nervous System.
Also known Congenital Megacolon.
This Presentation deals with The eitology, presentation, diagnosis, medical and surgical management & complications of the same.
Ventral hernia is protrusion of peritoneal sac through anterior abdominal wall defects except Groin hernias. In this presentation I have discussed Epigastric, Umbilical, Para umbilical, Incisional, Spigelian and Lumbar hernias.
Simple notes on definition of abdominal hernias in general, as well as clinical features and management of inguinal hernias.
Brief explanation of hernia repair methods (laparoscopic, open surgery)
Hirschsprung Disease - Approach & ManagementVikas V
Hirschsprung Disease. - A developmental Disorder of Intrinsic Component of Enteric Nervous System.
Also known Congenital Megacolon.
This Presentation deals with The eitology, presentation, diagnosis, medical and surgical management & complications of the same.
Approximately 75% of abdominal wall hernias occur in the groin.
The lifetime risk of inguinal hernia is 27% in men and 3% in women.
And hence Of inguinal hernia repairs, 90% are performed in men, and 10% are performed in women.
The incidence of inguinal hernia in men has a distribution, with peaks before the first year of life and after age 40.
Indirect inguinal and femoral hernias occur more commonly on the right side.
This is attributed to a delay in atrophy of the processus vaginalis after the normal slower descent of the right testis to the scrotum during fetal development.
The predominance of right-sided femoral hernias is thought to be caused by the tamponading effect of the sigmoid colon on the left femoral canal
The prevalence of hernias increases and the likelihood of strangulation and need for hospitalization increase with aging.
This is a case study done by me as a part of my in-service education progamme in my institution...hope this may help all nurses who wants to do a case study.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Epidemiology
• Inguinal hernia repair is the most commonly performed operation in the
United States.
• Approximately 75% of abdominal wall hernias occur in the groin.
• Of inguinal hernia repairs, 90% are performed in men and 10% in women.
• The incidence of inguinal hernias in males has a bimodal distribution.
– before the first year of age
– after age 40
• Approximately 70% of femoral hernia repairs are performed in women;
however, inguinal hernias are five times more common than femoral hernias.
• The most common subtype of groin hernia in men and women is the indirect
inguinal hernia
3. Anatomy
• 4- to 6 cm-long
• Cone shaped
• anterior portion of the pelvic
basin
• spermatic cord:
– three arteries
– three veins
– two nerves
– Pampiniform venous plexus
– vas deferens
6. Anatomy
Other structure :
• iliopubic tract:
• an aponeurotic band
that begins at the
anterior superior iliac
spine and inserts into
Cooper’s ligament from
above.
• lacunar ligament (ligament of
Gimbernat)
• Cooper’s ligament (pectineal)
• conjoined tendon
7. Anatomy
Other structure :
• iliopubic tract:
• an aponeurotic band
that begins at the
anterior superior iliac
spine and inserts into
Cooper’s ligament from
above.
• lacunar ligament (ligament of
Gimbernat)
• Cooper’s ligament (pectineal)
• conjoined tendon
14. Etiology
• Acquired:
– the best-characterized risk
factor is weakness in the
abdominal wall musculature
– Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease: direct
– increase intra-abdominal
pressure
– protective effect of obesity
– decreased collagen fiber
density in hernia patients
16. Congenital
• the majority of pediatric hernias
• patent processus vaginalis
(PPV)
• the high incidence of indirect
inguinal hernias in preterm
babies.
17. DIAGNOSIS
• History:
– groin pain
– Extrainguinal symptoms such as a change in bowel habits or urinary symptoms
– generalized pressure, localized sharp pain, and referred pain
– Pressure or heaviness in the groin , following prolonged activity
• Sharp pain tends to indicate an impinged nerve and may not be related to the
extent of physical activity performed by the patient.
• Neurogenic pain may be referred to the scrotum,testicle, or inner thigh.
• the patient’s history include the duration and timing of symptoms.
• Hernias will often increase in size and content over a protracted time.
• Patients will often reduce the hernia by pushing the contents back into the
abdomen, thereby providing temporary relief.
18. Physical Examination
• Ideally, the patient should be examined in a standing position to
increase intra-abdominal pressure, with the groin and scrotum fully
exposed.
• Inspection: an abnormal bulge along the groin or within the scrotum
• Palpation: advancing the index finger through the scrotum toward the
external inguinal ring. → Valsalva’s maneuver
• diagnosing the type of hernia
• Femoral hernias should be palpable below the inguinal ligament,
lateral to the pubic tubercle.
• femoral pseudohernia
19.
20. Imaging
• US:
– sensitivity of 86% and specificity of
77%
– false-negative: lack of movement
– false-positive: in thin patients
• CT :
– sensitivity of 80% and specificity of
65%
• MRI:
– Sensitivity of 95% and specificity of
96%
21. TREATMENT
• Surgical repair is the definitive treatment of inguinal hernias
1. Surgical:
– Mesh
– Laparoscopy
2. Conservative
22. Conservative Treatment
• When the patient’s medical condition confers an unacceptable level of
operative risk, elective surgery should be deferred until the condition
resolves, and operations reserved for lifethreatening emergencies.
• A nonoperative strategy is safe for minimally symptomatic inguinal
hernia patients, and it does not increase the risk of developing hernia
complications.
• no difference in intent-to-treat outcomes, quality of life, or cost-
effectiveness between nonoperative management and elective repair
among healthy inguinal hernia patients.
• A 2012 systematic reviewfound that 72% of asymptomatic inguinal
hernia patients developed symptoms (mostly pain) and had surgical
repair within 7.5 years of diagnosis.
23. Conservative Treatment
• Nonoperative inguinal hernia
treatment targets pain, pressure,
and protrusion of abdominal
contents in the symptomatic
patient population.
• Trusses externally
• not prevent complications
• Femoral inguinal hernia ⨯
24. Emergent Operation
• Incarcerated hernias
• Strangulated hernias
• Sliding hernias
Pre Operation:
Hydration
Anti biotic
NG tube
25. INCARCERATED HERNIA
• Reasons for incarceration
– large amount of intestinal contents within the hernia sac
– dense and chronic adhesions of hernia contents to the sac
– small neck of the hernia defect in relation to the sac contents
• An incarcerated inguinal hernia without the sequelae of a bowel
obstruction is not necessarily a surgical emergency.
• Reduction should be attempted before definitive surgical intervention.
• Hernias that are not strangulated and do not reduce with gentle
pressure should undergo taxis.
26. TAXIS
• To perform taxis, analgesics and light sedatives are administered, and
the patient is placed in the Trendelenburg position.
• The hernia sac is elongated with both hands, and the contents are
compressed in a milking fashion to ease their reduction into the
abdomen.
27. STRANGULATED HERNIA
• Femoral > Indirect > Direct
• Fever, leukocytosis, and hemodynamic instability, bowel obstraction.
• The hernia bulge usually is very tender, warm, and may exhibit red
discoloration.
• Taxis should not be applied to strangulated hernias as a potentially
gangrenous portion of bowel may be reduced into the abdomen
without being addressed
28. Laparascopic hernia repair
1. Trans abdominal Preperitoneal Procedure (TAPP)
2. Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) Repair
• Indications include bilateral inguinal hernia, recurring hernia, need for
early recovery
29.
30. RECURRENCE
• Recurrence Factors:
• Patient factors
– malnutrition, immunosuppression, diabetes, steroid use, and smoking.
• Technical factors
– mesh size, prosthesis fixation, and technical proficiency of the surgeon.
• Tissue factors
– wound infection, tissue ischemia, and increased tension awithin the surgical
repair
31. diagnosis of recurrent hernia
• Bulging
• CT or MRI
• Differential :
– seroma,
– persistent cord lipoma,